realism in contemporary filmmaking. praca magisterska

7/23/2019 Realism in Contemporary Filmmaking. Praca Magisterska

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/realism-in-contemporary-filmmaking-praca-magisterska 1/43

Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna

im. Leona Schillera w Łodzi

WYDZIAŁ REŻYSERII FILMOWEJ i TELEWIZYJNEJ

Gabriel Herrera Torres Numer albumu !"#!

Realism in contemporary filmmaking

$ra%a Ma&is'ers(a

Master thesis, written under

the supervision of professors:

Dr) Ja(ob Mi(ur*a Dr) A+*r,e- .e*+are(

Lo*,/ 0123

2



0



Index.

Introduction.........................................................................................4

Reality...................................................................................................8

Interlude

S!ject and o!ject"s #lay$l colla!orations...................................................22

Films pursuit of reality.....................................................................2!

"an#ua#e and state. $irection and territory

%mmersi&e and Semiotic cinema.................................................................%%

&i'lio#raphy, filmo#raphy and we'................................................4(

#



Introduction

As m4 '5ou&5's o+ '5e sele%'e* 'o6i% *e7elo6e*/ 85i%5 s'ar'e* as a s'u*4 o9 '5e %ollabora'io+

be'8ee+ the sacred a+* the absurd / i' 8as +o' eas4 'o 9i+* ou' 85a' '5is essa4 8as mea+' 'o a%5ie7e) For

mo+'5s/ 8i'5 +o sel9:%o+s%ious+ess 85a' so e7er/ I 'rie* 'o ma(e a 6ro6erl4 s'ru%'ure* '5eor4 '5a' 8oul*

%olle%' +o'es a+* %omme+'s I;7e bee+ &a'5eri+& alo+& '5e 4ears a+* 'ur+ '5em i+'o a 6ro6erl4 s'a+*i+&/

sel9:su99i%ie+'/ 8or(i+& 'ool/ some (i+* o9 %o5ere+' la+*s%a6e o9 '5e 8a4 I;7e %ame 'o 6er%ei7e '5e 8orl*

'5rou&5 9ilmma(i+& a+* 5o8 *oes i' %o++e%' a+* re9le%' u6o+ e7er4'5i+& else) I 9el' e<i'e*/ i+9a'ua'e*

e7e+/ 8i'5 '5e me&aloma+i% i*ea o9 a 6erso+al =8orl*7ie8>/ 9ille* 8i'5 '5e %o+%e6's/ %o+9usio+ a+*

9eeli+&s '5a' 5a7e &ro8+ i+ me 9or '5e las' se7eral 4ears) I' *i*+;' 'oo( lo+& ?or ma4be i' *i*@ 'o 9i&ure ou'

'5a' '5e +o'es/ uo'es a+* i*eas 85ere +o' +e%essaril4 %o+seue+' 8i'5 ea%5 o'5er a+* 65rases '5a' seeme*

'o be *ee6l4 6ro7o%a'i7e or m4s'erious 5a* li''le 'o sa4 85e+ 4ou;* 'r4 'o u+9ol* '5em or i+'e&ra'e '5em 'o

a %o5ere+' 6oi+' o9 7ie8/ o+e '5a' 4ou %oul* a%'uall4 s'a+* 9or)

I+ '5e s6iri' o9 85a' %ame 'o be/ '5ou&5/ '5e 9i+al 'o6i% o9 '5e essa4/ I 'a(e '5e liber'4 'o 'ra+s%ribe a 9e8

%5oi%es 9rom '5ose e<am6les a+* 6as'e '5em/ u+rela'e* 'o a+4'5i+& else/ as o6e+i+& li+e 9or '5e 6rese+'

8or(

If a frog had wings, he wouldn't bump his ass so much1 / The entirety of a

room remains intact regardless of turning-on or turning-off the switch of the

light 2 / A &ra+* 6ro'o%ol/ a 8o+*er9ul 6ro'o%olB I 8ill 8ri'e '5e mos' beau'i9ul

6ro'o%ol '5a' a+4o+e 5as e7er see+ C T5e su**e+ u+*ers'a+*i+& '5a' a+4'5i+&

I;* ma(e '5e res' o9 m4 li9e 8as %o+*em+e* 'o be ma*e b4 myself *re8 '5e

bor*erli+e be'8ee+ '8o '5i+&s) I s'ill *o+;' (+o8 e<a%'l4 85i%5 '5i+&s '5ose

are C )))A+* '5ere s5e &oes a&ai+/ o+ a+* o+ 8i'5 '5e same/ s'ubbor+ 'o6i%) I

am so a9rai* o9 8ome+ li(e '5a'/ So *ee6l4 sa'is9ie* 8i'5 a+4'5i+& C T5a'

ma+ *oes +o' li(e musi% a' all C h! "uch a happiness it is! To be right here,

balancing my feet! T5e ol* ma+ seems 'o '5i+(/ They mo#e back and forward

2 Dialo& 9rom $at %ity &1(2, -o5+ Hus'o+@0 A65orism b4 Me<i%a+ 8ri'er Jer+imo Game Rui,



this feet) They mo#e wonderfully this feet! / A +arra'io+ mus' +o' be li+eal

bu' %ubi%al C Tale+' is a small/ mea+i+&less *e'ail C T5e re6e'i'io+ o9 -o4 C

A series o9 8ar &e+erals i+ a mee'i+& room re6or' '5e %urre+' losses 'o '5e

em6eror) T5e4 %r4 8i'5 bi''er e<is'e+'ial a8are+ess e7er4 'ime '5e4 me+'io+ a

su+(e+ boa' The *+, master! The * +! C He %oul* +o' see '5e %o+%e6'ual

9ro+'ier '5a' *i7i*e* a room 9rom a 5all/ a s'ree' 9rom a 5i&58a4/ a 6la'e 9rom

a %oo(i+& 6o' C osme'i% i+'elli&e+%e C =I &uess '5e4;re +o' so *i99ere+' '5i+&s/

i+ '5e e+*/ '5e 5arassme+' o9 +a'ure a+* i's 'o'al i+*i99ere+%e> sai* '5e s+ail)

T5e 9ro& loo(e* a' 5im 8i'5ou' 6a4i+& a+4 a''e+'io+ '5e s+ail 8as so s5i+4/

beau'i9ul a+* so9') Li(e a lo7er;s 'o+& C T5ere;s a some (i+* o9 beau'4 i+

s'u6i*i'4 85i%5 ma4be/ -us' ma4be/ 8e s5oul* all be s'ri7i+& 9or C So '5a' +o'

e7er4'5i+& 8oul* 5a66e+ 'o a si+&le 6erso+/ Go* %rea'e* ma+4 6erso+s So

'5a' '5e same '5i+& 8oul* +o' 5a66e+ 'o e7er4 6erso+/ Go* %rea'e* ma+4

'5i+&s As a resul' o9 su%5 su6erb or&a+i,a'io+/ *i99ere+' things 5a66e+ 'o

*i99ere+' ersons all '5e 'ime)

Ou' o9 m4 9irs' 9ailure/ '5e+/ I 'rie* 'o re*u%e '5e 8or( 'o '5e s'u*4 o9 s6e%i9i% %ases or 9ilms '5a'

8oul* re6rese+' o+e or o'5er 6osi'io+/ bu' I soo+ reali,e* I *i*+;' 5a7e e+ou&5 'o sa4 abou' a+4 o9 '5em)

Fi+all4/ '5e o+:&oi+& 'o6i%s o9 simultaneity/free association a+* realism -um6e* i+'o '5e 'able as %learer

a+* %loser %o+%e6's/ 5ol*i+&/ I 5o6e/ a sli&5'l4 a+alo&ue rela'io+s5i6 'o '5a' o9 the sacred a+* the absurd /85ere o+e seems 'o be '5e mos' u+li(el4 a+* mos' 9er'ile %ollabora'or o9 '5e o'5er a+* 7i%e:7ersa)

Reali'4 *oes+;' e<is' a+4more or/ ma4be/ ou' o9 a+ almos' o99i%iall4 a%%e6'e* %o+7e+'io+ i' is +o'

a+4more Jus' O+e) I' is +o' ubiui'ous/ +or 6er9e%'/ +or lo&i%al/ +or %o+'i+uous/ +or 9i+is5e*) We (+o8

+o'5i+& abou' reali'4 e<%e6'/ 6er5a6s/ '5a' i' is mul'i6le a+* sub-e%'i7e/ bu' +o' a+4more 6olari,e*

be'8ee+ obser7er a+* obser7e* '5e4 seem/ more o9'e+ '5a+ +o'/ 'o be smas5e* i+ some sor' o9

6ol4mor65i% sui' '5a' +o o+e is 8eari+&)

To '5is e<'e+'/ '5e sole i*ea o9 realisms or neorealisms i+ %i+ema is 'o*a4 u+'5i+(able a+* '5e

+eares' i' mi&5' be res's i+ 9ilms o9 '5e li(es o9 A6i%5a'6o+& Weera,ee'a(ul or arlos Re4&a*as or me'a:

9a+'asies li(e '5e A%' o9 illi+&/ all o9 '5em 'r4i+& 'o res6o+* 'o '5is 6ol4mor65i%/ sel9:re9ere+'ial bu' u+:

3



-u*&me+'al s5a6eless reali'4 a+* ma(i+& a+ e99or' 'o li+( i' 'o&e'5er '5rou&5 asso%ia'io+s/

6arallelisms/ a+* b4 ma'eriali,i+& '5e sub-e%'i7e i+'o '5e ob-e%'i7e a+* ba%() T5e4 o9'e+ 'ur+/ '5ere9ore/

m4'5olo&i%al i+ more '5a+ o+e se+se) M4'5olo&ies '5a'/ '5ou&5 i+i'iall4 mi&5' be roo'e* i+ '5e %ul'ural

&rou+*i+& o9 ea%5 9ilm/ o9'e+ &e' 'o o7er%ome '5a' rela'i7e i*e+'i'4 9ilms usi+& similar *e7i%es 9rom

ra*i%all4 *i99ere+' %ul'ural ba%(&rou+*s/ li(e a+'5ro6olo&i%al *o%ume+'aries '5a' %ome ou' as m4s'i%al

%o8bo4 roa*:mo7ies or *o%ume+'aries abou' se+sor4:5orror o+ a 9is5i+& boa'/ 9or e<am6le ? sweetgrass

a+* .e#iathan 9rom Lu%ie+:as'ai+& Ta4lor/ S@)

All o9 '5is slo8l4 buil*s u6 i+'o some (i+* o9 *a*ais' sa%rali'4/ o+oma'o6oei%/ '5a' '5rou&5

some'5i+& as a subsi*iar4 %o+s%ious+ess/ a+ i+9orme* +ai7e'4#/ 'ries 'o %rea'e a m4'5olo&i% bo*4 9or

6er%e6'io+/ 'o res'ore a+ assembl4 o9 ima&i+ar4 =bei+&s>)

I belo+& 'o a &e+era'io+ a+* so%ial %lass sa'ura'e* o9 sel9:%ri'i%ism a+* e<'e+ua'e a+al4sis/

lus'i+& 9or sel9:lo7e e7e+ 85e+ sel9:lo7e is b4 all mea+s a se+seless i*ea/ a *esire 8i'5ou' ra'io+al

9u+*i+&s or 5is'ori%al -us'i9i%a'io+/ 85e+ b4 all 6roo9s 8e are +o' o+l4 si%( 8e are '5e si%(+ess i'sel9)

T5is lus' 5as 8al(e* i's 8a4 '5rou&5 9ilm %ul'ure alo+& a *e%a*e or li''le lo+&er a+* is 'o*a4 e<6resse* i+

'5e 8a4s '5a' reali'4 a+* 6eo6le are bei+& 9ur'5er a+* 9ur'5er 6or'ra4e* ?85o 8oul* 5a7e sai*

'5a' '5e *ire%'or '5a' #1 4ears a&o 8as 'ea%5i+& us 'o i*e+'i94 85a' 8e 5a* i+ %ommo+ 8i'5 a+

alie+a'e*/ misa+'5ro6e so%io6a'5Tra7is 9rom Ta<i Dri7er8oul* be 'o*a4 ma(i+& a 5uma+is'i% 9ilm

abou' Wall:S'ree' ?T5e 8ol9 o9 8all:s'ree'@K

I+ '5e e+*/ I belie7e/ '5e 6rese+' 8or( is -us' a+ a''em6' 'o %o+7e4 a+* s'ru%'ure a 8a4 i+ 85i%5

9ilm/ alo+& '5e 4ears/ %oul* ?a+* 6ar'iall4 alrea*4 5as@ slo8l4 be%ome a 'ool 'o *e7elo6 a 7ie8 o+ '5e

8orl* a+* m4sel9/ a thinking and feeling 'ool/ '5a' aims 'o +o'5i+& else bu' 'o 5el6 me *eal/ u+*ers'a+*

a+* %rea'e m4 o8+ 6la%e a+* m4 o8+ i*eas '5rou&5 '5e 'imes a+* 8i'5 '5e 6eo6le a+* 6la%es '5a' I 5a7e

a+* 'o 85i%5 I 8ill rela'e) I 5ar*l4 belie7e '5ere are %lose* or ma'ure e+ou&5 %o+%e6's i+ i' bu' I 5o6e i'

8ill a' leas' re9le%' a 9irs'/ 5o+es'/ e99or' o9 s'ru%'ure a+* se+se a+* a 6or'rai' o9 m4 o8+ s'ru&&le 8i'5

reali'4/ 85a' e7er '5is o+e mi&5' be)

#)- * kind of informed nai#ety, a pragmatic idealism, a moderate fanaticism, oscillating between

sincerity and irony, deconstruction and construction, apathy and affect, attempting to attain some sort

of transcendent position, as if such a thing were within our grasp)

The metamodern generation understands that we can be both ironic and sincere in the same moment

that one does not necessarily diminish the other) uo'e* 9rom Lu(e Tur+er;s ar'i%le Metamodernism: ) 'rief

introduction .

"



0If you belie#e in the Rabbit, youll belie#e in anything) If you dont

belie#e in the Rabbit, it means that you wouldnt belie#e anything)

)tsushi *ada: The 'reat (a!!it.

0Rarely has reality needed so much to be imagined)

+hris Marer

!



Reality.

We 5a7e +o %5oi%e bu' 'o 8ri'e abou' 85a' 8e (+o8)

.u' be%ause is 5ar* 'o sa4 '5a' 8e are reall4 a8are o9 what 8e (+o8/ bei+& 5o+es' abou' i' is

rarel4 true e+ou&5/ *ee6 e+ou&5/ embra%i+& e+ou&5) T5e s5a6e o9 5o+es'4 is o9'e+ *e%ei'9ul b4 bei+&

sub-e%'e* 'o o+e;s 6re%o+%e6'io+s/ 'o o+e;s se+se o9 *u'4/ bli+* 9ai'5 i+ 9a%'s or/ sim6l4/ 'o o+e;s %urre+'

moo*) A+ honest statement is rarel4 a 'rue s'a'eme+' a+* is a %o+%e6' as 5i&5l4 o7erra'e* a+*

misu+*ers'oo* as Truth i'sel9) Ma4be 8e s5oul* +e7er re*u%e oursel7es 'o our *e&ree o9 5o+es'4 bu' 'o

'5e %rea'i7e 6o'e+'ial o9 our o8+ %o+9usio+) Fair e+ou&5/ '5ou&5/ 3onesty a+* Truth are bo'5 almos'

+e%essar4 '5ere 85ere '5e4 are/ ruli+& '5eir moral (i+&*om as '5e4 *o/ a+* 8e s5oul* +o' 6u' ou' '5eir baseme+'s b4 6ure sa*is'i% 6leasure or b4 '5e mis&ui*e* 7a+i'4 o9 bei+& ri&5')

A+4o+e s5oul* (+o8/ b4 +o8/ '5a' '5ere is li''le 'o +o 7alue i+ being right)

T5e+ a&ai+/ we ha#e no choice but to write about what we know a+* '5e 9irs' '5i+& I %a+ '5i+(

abou' is fear ) Is i+ fear 85ere a lis' o9 babbli+& ar&ume+'s burs' e99or'lessl4 i+'o m4 mou'5 as 8i'5 a+ ol*

so+& 8e %a+ 5ar*l4 s'ill u+*ers'a+*) I;m also 8as'e* i+ '5em/ u+i+'eres'e*/ a+* I rarel4 9eel '5e4 5a7e

%ome 'o be o'5er '5a+ 7ai+) .u' I (+o8 '5em 8ell e+ou&5/ a+i'4 5as a' leas' a so9'/ su&&es'i7e s5a6e 'o

6la4 8i'5/ a+* e7e+ i9 8e ris( 'o s'a4 -us' o+ '5e sur9a%e o9 '5i+&s ?as is al8a4s '5e +a'ure o9 a+i'4 a+*

Fear@ is+;' '5ere a 'em6'a'io+ ba%( '5ere/ a' '5e e+*/ 'o sa4 '5a' '5i+&s are ul'ima'el4 +o'5i+& else '5a+ '5eir

7er4 sur9a%eK No'5i+& else '5a+ beau'i9ul/ 7olu6'uous s5a6es 8i'5ou' a+4'5i+& 'o 5i*e/ 8i'5ou' a+4'5i+&

9ur'5er '5a+ '5eir o8+/ 6om6ous/ s'ubbor+ li+esK



I %a+ 'ra%( m4 memories o9 9ear 8a4 ba%( i+'o m4 li9e) I' is +o' a+* i' 5as +e7er bee+ *i99i%ul' 'o

s%are me) I 'e+* 'o -um6 a' '5e sli&5'es' lou* sou+* or 6ro7o%a'io+/ e7er4 li&5'i+& i+ a s'orm4 +i&5' is a

ma''er o9 li9e a+* *ea'5 a+*/ 85ile 4ou+&/ '5e e7e+i+&s 8i'5ou' 6are+'s a' 5ome seeme* 'o be *oome*

8i'5 5orre+*ous 6ossibili'ies/ 9rom bei+& mu&&e* a+* (ille* b4 mas(e* i+'ru*ers 'o ambi&uous

s6e%ula'io+s o+ '5e +a'ure o9 m4 6are+'s e<is'e+%e85a' i9 '5e4 8ere +o' reall4 m4 6are+'s 'o be&i+

8i'5K) I+ '5e las' 9e8 4ears o9 m4 li9e/ '5ou&5/ 9ear 5as s'o66e* %omi+& 9rom '5e i*ea o9 a su**e+

*isas'er '5a' 8oul* 'ear '5e s'able reali'4 a6ar'/ 'o '5e o+:&oi+&/ o7er85elmi+& 9eeli+& '5a' reali'4 8as +o'

s'able a' all 'o be&i+ 8i'5/ a+* 5a* +e7er e<is'e* as '5is sor' o9 %o+'rolle* %ommo*i'4 I 5a* 'a(e+ 9or

&ra+'e* earl4 o+)

As I &re8/ e7er4 +e8 %5a+&e/ e7er4 +e8 %5ara%'er/ e7e+' or s'a&e/ 8oul* i+ser' i'sel9 i+'o some

(i+* o9 6re*is6ose* s4s'em/ a+* I use* 'o e+-o4 '5e 8a4 i+ 85i%5 ea%5 o+e o9 '5em 8oul* res6e%'9ull4

al'er+a'e or i+'ro*u%e i+'o m4 %urre+' li9e as a %learl4 &rou+*e* bubble 8i'5 i's o8+ i+'er+al *4+ami%/ i's

o8+ 5eroes/ e7e+'s/ la8s a+* s'ories/ lea7i+& %om6le'el4 u+'ou%5e* '5e res' o9 i' a+* s'a&i+& i'sel9 ei'5er

as a+ easil4 absorbe* +e8 *e'ail i+ a %lear a+* lo&i% s6a%e or as a *is%o++e%'e* *ream i+ 85i%5 m4 *ail4

li9e 8oul* remai+ sa9el4 s'ru%'ure*/ a8ai'i+& 9or m4 re'ur+)

Lea7i+& m4 5ome'o8+ 'o 7isi' &ra+*6are+'s i+ '5e bi& %i'4 8as o+e o9 '5ose rare o66or'u+i'ies I

8oul* la4 o+ '5e ba%( o9 '5e %ar 85ile m4 9a'5er or mo'5er *ro7e/ measuri+& m4 o8+ si,e 8i'5 '5e si,e o9'5e sea' belo8 me ?i+ 85i%5 I %oul* s'ill 9i' m4 bo*4 9ull4 e<'e+*e*@/ a+* e7e+'uall4 9all aslee6 85ile '5e

roa* a+* '5e %ou+'r4/ abs'ra%' a+* s5a6eless bo'5 o9 '5em/ *is%o++e%'e* 9rom a+4 (i+* o9 lo&i%al

&eo&ra654/ (e6' 6assi+&:b4 %ommi''e* 'o '5eir i+'e+si'4 ra'5er '5a+ 'o '5eir *ire%'io+) I 8oul* o9'e+ 8a(e

u6 i+ m4 au+';s room *ee6 a' +i&5'/ se7eral 5ours la''er/ 85ere 5er m4s'erious a9ri%a+ 6u66e' 5a+&e* 9rom

'5e 8all abo7e '5ree ol* si+&le be*s) I 8as '5a' 8a4 &ree'e* i+'o '5is o'5er s6a%e/ 9amiliar i+ i's o8+ 8a4/

'5a' 8oul* sa9el4 e<'e+* 9or se7eral *a4s be9ore I;* re'ur+ 5ome 9ollo8i+& '5e same bli+*e* rou'i+e '5a'

5a* 'a(e+ me '5ere i+ '5e 9irs' 6la%e) T5e 85ole e<6erie+%e %omes 'o memor4 similar 'o '5e o+e o9 &e''i+&

i+ a+* ou' o9 a 9ilm '5ea'er 85ere/ a9'er some 'ime *ee6l4 submer&e* i+ '5is sor' o9 *ream:li(e s'a'e/

4ou;* %ome ba%( 'o 4our a%'ual li9e/ %arrie* 8i'5 a +e8 &a,e '5a' seeme* &ra+'e* 'o 4ou 9rom ou'si*e i+

a+ alie+/ i+%o+seue+'ial 'ime/ &i7i+& 4ou a uali'a'i7e a*7a+'a&e '5e se+sa'io+ o9 5a7i+& %rosse* 4our

o8+ li9e;s bou+*aries a+* re'ur+e*/ u+5arme* a+* i+'er+all4 %5ar&e* 8i'5ou' a+4 real e+er&4 sour%e a'



si&5') I+ o66osi'io+ 'o su%5 *is%o++e%'e* rela'io+ 'o s6a%e a+* 6la%e/ ma+4 4ears la'er I 8oul* rea*

Wer+er Her,o&;s a+e%*o'e i+ 85i%5 5e 8al(e* 9rom Germa+4 'o Fra+%e 'o sa7e Lo''e Eis+er i+ 5er *4i+&

be*) =T5ere are '5i+&s 4ou s5oul* +e7er *o i+ a+4 o'5er 8a4>/ 5e sa4s) I9/ 9or e<am6le/ 4ou;* i+'e+* 'o

marr4 a lo7e* 8oma+ 9rom a 7illa&e 9ar a8a4/ 4ou s5oul* 8i'5ou' a+4 e<%use &e' '5ere b4 4our o8+

e<5aus'e* s'e6s) T5ere is a se+se o9 *i&+i'4/ a =ma&i%al> o+e/ i+ *ra8i+& 8i'5 4our o8+ bo*4 '5e

e<'e+sio+ a+* s5a6e o9 '5e 8orl*;s le+&'5 a+* '5ere is a %er'ai+ s'a'eme+'/ i9 ma4be a*-a%e+' 'o Her,o&;s

i*ea/ o+ '5e 8a4 i+ 85i%5 8e buil* reali'4 b4 654si%all4 'a(i+& 6ar' i+ i'/ 85ere +o *esire/ i+'e+'io+/ or

sub-e%'i7e %o+s'ru%'io+/ s5oul* e7er &o 7er4 9ar 8i'5ou' 'a(i+& '5e 654si%al 8orl* alo+& 8i'5 i' '5ere is a

s4mme'r4 i+ '5e 8al(e* s6a%e a+* '5e me'a654si%al i+'e+'io+ o9 as(i+& a 4ou+& 6ro7i+%ial la*4;s 5a+* i+

marria&e/ o+e '5a' 8e s5oul* +o' u+*eres'ima'e ?'5e same s4mme'r4 '5a' =(e6'> Lo''e Eis+er ali7e 'e+

4ears lo+&er/ ba%( '5e+@ )

T5is 6ri+%i6le/ '5a' +ur'ures a &oo* 6ar' o9 '5e &erma+ *ire%'or ;s 8or(/ is eas4 'o rela'e 'o Tsai

Mi+&:Lia+&;s re%e+' 9ilms 85ere 8e 9ollo8 '5e almos' mo'io+less 8al( o9 a monk-like %rea'ure a%ross '5e

s'ree's o9 Tai8a+ a+* Euro6e ?4alker a+* 5ourney to the west6 a+* &e+erall4 'o '5e res' o9 5is 8or(/

*ee6l4 e+&a&e* i+ '5e rela'io+ be'8ee+ '5e bo*4 a+* '5e s6a%e) T5e Tai8a+ese 9ilmma(er ?alrea*4

mi+imalis' 9rom '5e be&i++i+& o9 5is %areer@ 5as &ro8+ 9ur'5er a+* 9ur'5er limi'e* i+ '5e +arra'i7e

eleme+'s o9 5is 9ilms/ 85i%5 more a+* more ra*i%all4 seem 'o be %o+s'ru%'e* -us' b4 6la%i+& a 6erso+ or a

&rou6 o9 6erso+s i+ a s6e%i9i% 6la%e/ as i9 bo'5 '5i+&s 8oul* al8a4s mirror a+* =&ro8> i+7isibl4 i+'o ea%5

o'5er/ i*e+'i94 8i'5 ea%5 o'5er/ a+* s'a'e ea%5 o'5er;s 6rese+%e a+* le+&'5 ? I don't want to sleep alone

stray dogs or no no sleep, alo+& '5e 6re7iousl4 %i'e*@ 3)

I' bri+&s 'o mi+* as 8ell/ i+ a *i99ere+' 8a4/ Rober' Walser;s %om6ulsi7e 8al(s a beautifully

small 8ri'er *e7o'e* mu%5 more 'o 5is *ail4 8al(s '5a+ 'o 5is 8ri'i+& e7e+ i9 '5ose 'ri6s 85ere +e7er

i+'e+*e* 'o =%o++e%'> '8o 6la%es or i*eas or 'o e+5a+%e a %er'ai+ mea+i+&9ul a%'io+/ a+* %oul* be

u+*erli+e* i+ a+ o66osi'e/ a+ar%5i% 8a4 +o'5i+& 8as less *esire* b4 '5e s8iss 8ri'er '5a+ 'o lea7e a 'ra%e

): Wer+er Her,o&;s boo( OF WALING IN IE/ *es%ribes i+ *e'ail '5e e<6erie+%e o9 5is 'ra7el o+ 9oo' 'o sa7e Lo''e Eis+er?om Ge5e+ im Eis/ ) Ha+ser erla& Mu+i%5 2!@/ 85ile i+ '5e lo+& i+'er7ie8 5el* 8i'5 5im b4 $aul ro+i+/ Her,o&

e<'e+*s o+ 5is i*eolo&i%al s'a+*6oi+'s 'o8ar*s 'ra7eli+& o+ 9oo'/ 5is 7ie8s o+ '5e 6er7ersio+ o9 tourism as a+ e<6ressio+ o9'ra7el/ 85ile rememberi+& 5is rela'io+s5i6 'o Lo''e Eis+er ?A GIDE FOR THE $ER$LEPED ONERSATIONS WITH$AL RONIN/ Faber Q Faber/ Lo+*o+/ 0120@)

3): I+ '5e essa4 =representation of space/place in Tsai 7ing .iang's 0The hole / Amir Ga+-a7ie s'u*ies '5e 8a4 s6a%e is 6or'ra4e* i+ '5a' a+o'5er Tsai Mi+& Lia+& mo7ie/ i9 ma4be +o' +e%essaril4 9rom '5e 6ers6e%'i7e 8e are usi+& 5ere/ bu'+o+e'5eless s'a'i+& '5e 6re7ales%e+' %o+%er+ o9 '5e Tai8a+ese 9ilmma(er 'o '5e emo'io+al a+* e<is'e+'ial mea+i+& o9 s6a%e)

21



or 'o ma(e a s'a'eme+' o9 5imsel9/ a+* 5is *ail4 8al(s 8ere b4 *e9i+i'io+ aimless a+* 6urel4 i+s6ire* b4

aes'5e'i% sel9:&ra'i9i%a'io+")

"otte -isner and *erner er/o#.

0ta#es of Ro'ert *alsers face: For lo+& 'ime I;7e 9el' 9as%i+a'e* b4 Rober'Walser;s u+iue 9a%e) I' seems 'o be a 'es'ame+'/ o+ i's o8+/ o9 a ma+ 85o;si+'er+al 8orl* a+* se+sibili'4 8ere %om6le'el4 a+* mer%ilessl4 e<6a+*e*/e<6ose* a+* mi<e* into '5e e<'erior 8orl* 8i'5ou' a+4 (i+* o9 se6ara'io+) I'remi+*s me a 65rase 9rom Jose Luis .or&es I o+%e rea* after 89 years of age,

each man can and should be held responsible for the shape of his own face)

Re&ar*less '5e %ase/ '5ere is s'ill a %lear %o++e%'io+ be'8ee+ '5e eerie se+sibili'ies o9 Her,o& a+*

Walser a+* '5eir '8o %o+'ras'i+& bu' *ee6l4 *e9i+i+& rela'io+s5i6s 'o walking a+* 'o a 8orl* &rou+*e*

a+* 9e* o+ '5a' 6ri+%i6le) I+ '5e same 8a4 as 8i'5 Tsai Mi+& Lia+& s'u*ies o9 being a+* place/ walking isa+ a%' o9 me'a654si%al si&+i9i%a+%e '5a' seems 'o =measure> o+e;s sel9 or %orrela'e o+e;s sub-e%'i7e bei+&

"): =THE WAL> is a s5or' +o7el b4 Rober' Walser *es%ribi+& a *ail4 8al( alo+& 5is 'o8+ a+* '5e e<'reme se+soriali+sa+i'4 '5a' arouses i+ '5e o'5er8ise 6assi7e 8al(er) The walk e<'e+*s simul'a+eousl4 =ou'si*e> a+* =i+si*e> i+ absur*%o++e%'io+s a+* im6ressio+s/ immerse* i+ '5e %o+'em6la'io+ o9 +a'ure a+* =%rea'i+&> bei+&s almos' ma&i%al/ li'erall4 buil' ou'o9 '5e im6ressio+s o9 6eo6le a+* +o+se+si%al so%ial %o+7e+'io+s '5a' are re%olle%'e* i+ '5e 8a4)

22



'o o+e;s ob-e%'i7e 'ra-e%'or4 i+ s6a%e) .u' 85ile 8e;ll (ee6 *ee6e+i+& '5is 'o6i% 9ur'5er o+/ le';s 'a(e ba%(

'5e s'or4 o9 m4 o8+ rela'io+s5i6 'o 9ear a+* 9i+* ou' i9 bo'5 e+*s ?Her,o&;s i+'e&ral i*ea o9 reali'4 a+* m4

o8+ *is-oi+'e* e<6erie+%e o9 i'@ 8ill &e' 'o mee')

I's +o' eas4 'o s5are '5e 9eeli+& o9 a&&ressio+ 85e+ 9or o+e reaso+ or a+o'5er someo+e 9rom '5e

9irs' 8orl*/ ba%( i+ m4 5ome'o8+/ 8oul* ei'5er %ome alo+& i+ '5e %ar 8i'5 us or a66ear o+ 5is o8+ i+ '5e

se%o+* 8orl* o9 &ra+*6are+'s a+* %i'4) T5e 85ole e7e+' 8as 9or me e<%i'i+& a+* su6er+a'ural/ some (i+*

o9 me'a654si%al 7iola'io+ '5a' mos' o9 '5e 'imes 8as brie9/ 5armless/ a+* +o' reall4 me+a%i+& a' all/ bu'

'5a' 8as %arrie* 8i'5 a *ee6/ u+&ras6able *a+&er '5e 6roo9 '5a' e#erything had been there all along

simul'a+eousl4/ a+* 8oul* e7e+'uall4 %olli*e/ %o++e%'/ &ro8 o7er85elmi+&l4 9ree/ a+* '5e %are9ull4 buil'

reali'ies I 8as rel4i+&:o+ 8oul* s5o8 '5emsel7es i+su99i%ie+' 'o *eal/ or&a+i,e a+* i+'er6re' '5e e<is'e+%e

o9 e7er4'5i+& ou'si*e o9 '5em) Si+%e '5e+/ i+ '5e measure I;7e &ro8+/ mo7e* o7er a+* o7er 9rom a 5ouse

'o a+o'5er/ 9rom a %i'4 'o a+o'5er a+* 9rom a %ou+'r4 i+ o+e si*e o9 '5e &lobe 'o a+o'5er i+ '5e o66osi'e

%or+er/ m4 e<6erie+%e o9 reali'4 5as &ro8+ i+'o a 6re''4 a&ora65obi% o+e/ 85ere 8a4 'oo mu%5

i+9orma'io+/ 6la%es/ mea+i+&s a+* %o++e%'io+s seem 'o mul'i6l4 a+* re6ro*u%e/ as 8i'5 a+ e%5oes '5a'

8oul* +o' be e7e+ re6ea'i+& '5e 8or* '5ro8+ i+'o '5e 7oi* i+ '5e 9irs' 6la%e)

I 5a* a remar(abl4 5a664 %5il*5oo*) E7e+ i9 bo'5 o9 m4 6are+'s 85ere bor+ ba%( i+ '5e bi& %i'4

?'5e s5a6eless e<%ess o9 '5e 00:millio+:6eo6le Me<i%a+ a6i'al@/ I 8as bor+ a+* raise* i+ a reall4 small

o+e 9ar i+'o '5e %ou+'r4) M4 6are+'s mo7e* '5ere/ alo+& 8i'5 a &rou6 o9 9rie+*s/ as ma+4 o'5er 4ou+&

6eo6le a' '5e 'ime/ 8i'5 '5e i*ea o9 es%a6i+& '5e li9es'4le o9 '5e &ra+* Me'ro6oli a+* ma(i+& a li9e 6ro-e%'o+ '5eir o8+ 'erms/ +o' sub-e%'e* 'o '5e so%ial a+* i*eolo&i%al *ema+*s o9 a %o+sumi+& a+* mo+e4:

orie+'e* so%ie'4/ a+* 'r4i+& 'o a*7o%a'e 9or 6ri+%i6les '5e4 5a* some5o8 buil' or embra%e*) I+ ma+4

8a4s/ '5ou&5 '5e4 mi&5' +o' 9eel %om6le'el4 %om9or'able 8i'5 su%5 *es%ri6'io+ as i' mi&5' re*u%e a+

e<is'e+'ial %5oi%e i+'o a 6oli'i%al o+e/ a %5oi%e o9 intensity i+'o a %5oi%e o9 meaning '5e4 85ere ma(i+&

a s'a'eme+'/ -us' as so ma+4 more 6eo6le o9 '5eir &e+era'io+ 9amousl4 *i*/ a+* '5e4 s'ill 5a* '5e %o+'e<'/

'5e 5is'ori%al a+* '5e 6erso+al 6ro-e%'s s'ro+& a+* ali+e* e+ou&5 'o belie7e '5a' su%5 a s'a'eme+' 8as

6ossible/ a 6ossibili'4 '5a'/ 9or be''er or 8orse/ seems 'o be 9ar 9rom %lear 9or m4 &e+era'io+)

Mu%5 more ra*i%all4 '5a+ i+ some o'5er 6la%es/ ma4be/ i+ Me<i%o '5e *i99ere+%e be'8ee+ &ro8i+&

i+ '5e %i'4 a+* &ro8i+& i+ '5e %ou+'r4 8as a+ e<'remel4 mea+i+&9ul o+e/ almos' u+brea%5able i+ e7er4

se+se I;7e o9'e+ 9el' '5ere is +o' e7e+ a %om6ara'i7e re9ere+%e 9rame 9or bo'5 reali'ies / ea%5 o+e 8i'5 '5eir

20



o8+ rules/ 'ra*i'io+s/ se+si'i7i'ies/ i+9orma'io+ a+* 6er%e6'io+s o9 %ul'ure a+* 'ime)

W5ile '5is 5as 'o *o/ o+ o+e 5a+*/ 8i'5 '5e usual issues time i+ smaller %i'ies seems 'o ru+ slo8er

si+%e '5e *is'a+%e be'8ee+ '5i+&s is *i99ere+'/ '5e e+7iro+me+' is less a&&ressi7e a+* is more li(el4 'o

%rea'e s'ro+& %ommu+i'ies 9or reaso+s o9 %lose+ess a+* rou'i+e/ e'%)/ i+ '5e %ase o9 Me<i%o i's also rela'e*

'o o'5er (i+* o9 6roblems/ li(e '5e *rama'i% %o+'ras' o9 a%%essibili'4 'o i+9orma'io+ ?or a+4 o'5er '5i+&@

'5e le7els o9 basi% e*u%a'io+ i+ %om6ariso+ 'o '5e %i'4/ or '5e e7e+ s'ro+&er a+* %learer *i7isio+ o9 ra%ial

a+* so%ial ba%(&rou+*s '5e more 4ou *ee6e+ i+'o '5e Me<i%a+ %ou+'r4si*e/ '5e less s'ro+& a66ears 'o be

'5e ra%ial mi<'ure or/ 'o 6u' i' o'5er 8a4/ '5e s'ro+&er i' seems '5e ra%ial %o+'ras' ?'5e =85i'e> seems

85i'er/ '5e =bro8+> seems bro8+er/ +o' o+l4 i+ 'erms o9 s(i+ %olor bu' i+ 'erms o9 %osmo&o+4 a+* 8orl*

7ie8/ i+ 'erms o9 me+'al a+* emo'io+al s'ru%'ures@/ i+ su%5 a 8a4 '5a'/ i+ or*er 'o ma(e a 6i%'ure o9 '5e

moul*i+& '5a' m4 %5il*5oo* &a7e me/ I +ee* 'o a** '5e o'5er e7er:las'i+& leit moti#s o9 m4 5ome %ou+'r4

similar 'o '5ose o9 a+4 6os':%olo+ial o+e Me<i%o is %o+9orme* b4 a s'ro+& %las5 a+* *i7isio+ o9

e%o+omi%al a+* so%ial ?a+* u+a7oi*abl4 ra%ial@ %lasses/ '5e 8ell es'ablis5e* a+* &ro'esue miss *i7isio+

o9 8eal'5/ or '5e mar&i+al sur7i7al o9 a+%ie+'/ 6re:euro6ea+ %osmo&o+ies '5a' brea'5 *e9orme* *ee6

i+si*e i's 6o6ula'io+/ e*i'e*/ mas(e* a+* mou+'e* o+ '5e 6a'5olo&i%all4 assume* ?misi+'er6re'e* or

i+'er6re'e* b4 9or%e@ euro6ea+ 6ara*i&ms)

T5e %o+%e6' o9 paradigm as a so%iall4 or %ul'urall4 a%%e6'e* s'ru%'ure/ *ee6l4 embe**e* i+ '5e

%olle%'i7e u+*ers'a+*i+& a+* ima&i+a'io+/ '5a' or*ers a+* rules =reali'4> 'o ma(e i' *omes'i%/ %ommo+:

&rou+*e* a+* %olle%'i7el4 mea+i+&9ul/ &i7es a s'ro+& 'ool 'o 6or'ra4 '5e mai+ im6ressio+ I 5a7e 'o*a4 o9

m4 o8+ %ou+'r4 a 6la%e 85ere all 6ossible 6ara*i&ms 5a7e 7iole+'l4 a+* *ras'i%all4 %olla6se* o+ ea%5o'5er/ mou+'e* a+* %oi+%i*e+'al b4 9or%e/ o+e o7er '5e o'5er/ 'ra+s9orme* a+* 'ra+s6iri+& as %olla&e*/

mal9orme* a+imals/ 9rom 85ere some (i+* o9 ol* m4'5olo&i%al %rea'ures/ +oises a+* smells/ %ome ou'

9rom 'ime 'o 'ime/ e7e+'uall4 be+i&+/ e7e+'uall4 6er7erse a+* sel9 *es'ru%'i7e/ e7e+'uall4 -us' %olor9ul/

a99irma'i7e/ 6la49ul/ absur* a+* iro+i%) T5e o+:&oi+& o%%i*e+'alC%ar'esia+ %ul'ure/ 'o*a4 i+9orme* o9 i';s

o8+ %ar+i7orous 5is'ori%al i+6u'/ so *ee6l4 %arrie* alo+& b4 '5e %o+'ra*i%'io+s a+* i+su99i%ie+%ies o9

&uil'/ ma(es %o+'i+uos e99or's ?o9'e+ 8i'5 si+%eri'4@/ 'o a%(+o8le*&e/ absorb or sa7e a series o9 %ul'ures

'5e4 are *ras'i%all4 u+eui66e* 'o u+*ers'a+*) A' '5eir bes' '5e4 ma(e +o'5i+& more '5a+ 'o roma+'i%i,e

or 6aral4,e a s5a6eless bu' o9'e+ beau'i9ul/ e%s'a'i% mo+s'er/ 9earlessl4 ali7e/ 9rom 85i%5 '5e4 are a+

i+'e&ral 6ar' alrea*4/ a+* +o ra'io+ali,a'io+ o9 a+4 sor' 8ill e<%lu*e '5em 9rom '5a')

Me<i%o is a+ o7er85elmi+&l4 beau'i9ul a+* o7er85elmi+&l4 %o+'ra*i%'or4 6la%e 5o8e7er 4ou

2#



mi&5' 'a(e i'/ 85ere &rou6 ima&i+a'io+ 6la4s a %e+'ral 6ar' i+ a 9las5i+& a+* bombas'i% '5ea'er 6la4 a+*

'5e rules o9 85a' is a+* is +o' a%%e6'e* as real are %o+s'a+'l4 bei+& mo7e*/ *is&uise*/ i+7e+'e* a+*

erase*) Ra*i%all4 *i99ere+' =m4'5olo&i%al %rea'ures> are bei+& %o+7e+e* '5rou&5 i*e+'i%al 6ra4ers/

*i99ere+' emo'io+al sub'e<'s *ra8+ 8i'5 '5e same &es'ures or s5a6e* b4 '5e same 6la%es/ ob-e%'s a+*

6ro'o%ols) T5ere is +o 8a4 o9 a&reei+& o+ '5e mea+i+& o9 ea%5 eleme+'/ bu' '5ere is a' leas' some'5i+&

li(e a %o+s'a+%4 o9 '5e eleme+'s '5emsel7es)

T5e %o+9li%'i7e rela'io+ be'8ee+ 6ara*i&ms ma(es me '5i+( o9 a si'ua'io+ 8e %omme+'e* a' 5ome

9e8 *a4s a&o 85i%5 mi&5' ser7e as a %olor9ul i+si&5'

We 5a7e '8o %a's i+ our %ro8*e* a6ar'me+' i+ '5e %e+'er o9 Lo*,) T5e '8o 6e*a+'i% a+*

i+*i99ere+' a+imals res6e%'i7el4 85i'e a+* &ra4/ bi& a+* small/ ol* a+* 4ou+& &li*e/ e<6lore a+* rule

'5e rooms o9 '5e 5ouse 8i'5 '5eir o8+ i+*e6e+*e+' 6a%e a+* %uriosi'4/ rarel4 6a4i+& a''e+'io+ 'o us o'5er

'5a+ b4 some %o+:*es%e+*e+' a%%i*e+' or a mis&ui*e* rea%'io+) Obser7i+& '5eir +ua+%es/ '5e s'ra+&e

missio+s '5e4 se' 9or '5emsel7es a+* '5eir *is%o7eries/ 5as 'ur+e* i+'o a sour%e o9 e+'er'ai+me+' 9or '5e

res' o9 '5e 6o6ula'io+ i+ '5e a6ar'me+')

.u' as abs'ra%'e* as '5e4 ma4 be o9 our o8+ 8orl*/ e7e+'uall4 '5e4;ll a66roa%5 'o &e' someo+e;s

%aress/ a 6la'e o9 9oo* or some i+si+ua'io+ 'o 6la4/ a+* '5e+ 4ou %a+ 5o6e9ull4 i*e+'i94 '5e 6la%es/

mome+'s a+* ob-e%'s 85ere bo'5 o9 our u+*ers'a+*i+&s brie9l4 a+* 7er4 a*-a%e+'l4 re%o&+i,e a+* mee')

T5is %o++e%'io+s are o9 7er4 *i99ere+' (i+*s '5e4 some'imes a66ear 9rom a+ a%%i*e+' 85ere 8e are bo'5

i+7ol7e*/ or b4 a+ ob-e%' '5a' mi&5' be a %ommo+ obs'a%le a 6la+'/ a &lass or a 6ie%e o9 6a6er ?'5is %a's5a7e ma*e a s6e%ial 5abi' o9 la4i+& o+ 85i'e 6a6er/ sour%e 9or our *ail4 %o+9ro+'a'io+s 85e+ '5e4 are

%au&5' res'i+& o+ a +e8 *ra8i+& 9rom $auli+a or a re%e+'l4 6ri+'e* s%5ool 8or(@/ or b4 '5e u+i7ersal

mea+i+& o9 9oo* a+* 9e%es 8e 5a7e bo'5 si*es a&ree* o+ '5e mea+i+& o9 9oo*/ 'o sa4 '5e leas') Wi'5

re&ar* 'o 9e%es I am +o' %om6le'el4 sure 8e 5a7e a %ommo+ u+*ers'a+*i+& 4e'))

.u' I o9'e+ 5a7e '5e 9eeli+& '5a' '5e 6oi+'s o9 %o++e%'io+/ more %learl4 '5ere 85ere 8e are bo'5 i+

our res6e%'i7e si*es &e''i+& some (i+* o9 &ra'i9i%a'io+ ?s'ro(i+& '5eir 9urr4 5air/ 9or e<am6le/ 9rom 85i%5

8e bo'5 seem 'o &e' a sa'is9a%'io+@/ 5a7e a%'uall4 li''le i+ %ommo+ 85e+ i' %omes 'o bei+& i*e+'i9ie* as

='5e same a%'io+> a%5ie7e* 8i'5 '5e same ='ools> 9or '5e same =6ur6oses> o+ bo'5 si*es o9 '5e %or* ?I;m

o9'e+ +o' e7e+ sure '5e4 re%o&+i,e m4 5a+* as bei+& irre7ersibl4 a''a%5e* 'o m4 bo*4@) T5e %ommo+

e7e+' is %er'ai+l4 si&+i9i%a'i7e 9or bo'5 o9 us i+ '5e measure '5a' 8e bo'5 &e' some'5i+& ou' o9 i'/ bu' 9or

+o o+e is u+9amiliar '5e s'ra+&e 9eeli+& '5a' 85a' 9or me is/ 9or e<am6le/ a+ =elbo8> 9or '5em mi&5' as

2



A mu%5 more %loser a+* *rama'i%al/ '5ou&5 less ra*i%al/ e<am6le/ '5a' im6lies '5is i+si&5' 'o s5i+e

a li&5' o+ 5uma+ be5a7ior a+* a99e%'i7e bo+*s/ is 9ou+* i+ '5e 9ilm 7other :usters ;oes to 3ea#en< ,

85ere Rai+er Wer+er Fassbi+*er 6or'rai's a mi**le:a&e* 8oma+/ Emma s'ers ?6la4e* b4 '5e &rea'

.ri&i''e Mira@/ su**e+l4 8i*o8e* 85e+ s5e 9i+*s ou' '5a' 5er 5usba+*/ i+ a la6se o9 i+sa+i'4/ 5as (ille*

5imsel9 a+* mur*ere* a %ollea&ue o9 8or( i+ '5e 8a4)

A9'er '5e *ee6l4 'rauma'i% a+* i+%om6re5e+sible +e8s '5a' s5e is 5ar*l4 6re6are* 'o rela'e 'oa+4'5i+&/ u+*ers'a+* or ar'i%ula'e/ Emma is +ee*e* +o' o+l4 9or a se+se o9 *ee6er mea+i+&/ 5uma+

%om6assio+ a+* 8arm'5/ a+ a''e+'i7e ear a+* a *es6era'e asser'io+ o9 '5e memor4 o9 5er la'e 5usba+* ?all

o9 '5em *e+ie* 'o 5er i+ a+4 5o+es' lo7i+& 8a4 b4 '5e 6eo6le a+* so%ie'4 arou+*@/ bu' 9or a #ehicle 'o

)- )other *+sters 'oes to ea&en & 7utter :=sters' $ahrt >um 3immel6 R)W) Fassbi+*er/ Wes' Germa+4/ 2!3)

2"



ar'i%ula'e 5er o8+ 6assio+)

W5ile '5e 9ilm (ee6s &oi+&/ 8e reali,e '5a' a' leas' '5e las' o9 '5is +ee*s 8ill be sa'is9ie* '5rou&5 a

%o+9usi+& surro&a'e

W5ile +ei'5er o9 5er %5il*re+/ '5e +e8s6a6er re6or'ers or '5e 9a%'or4 85ere 5er 5usba+* 8or(e*

a+s8er 'o 5er i+ '5e sli&5'es' 5uma+ or mer%i9ul 8a4/ a &rou6 o9 %ommu+is' rebels sees a martyr 9or '5eir

%ause a+* se*u%es 5er i+'o '5i+(i+& '5a' 5er 5usba+* 8as a%'uall4 a 0true re#olutionary with a hidden

and honorable agenda, result of a ?%o+s%ious or sub%o+s%ious@ rebellion against the oppression of the

system that))) ?e'%)@

T5e 6oor Emma/ se*u%e* b4 '5e re*eemi+& ar&ume+'s o9 '5e %ommu+is' 'eam ?a+* a subseue+'

a+ar%5is' &rou6 i+ '5e las' 6ar' o9 '5e mo7ie@ 85i%5 5a* +o real u+*ers'a+*i+& 9or 5er ei'5er/ slo8l4

i+7ol7es 8i'5 '5e mo7eme+'/ 85i%5 b4 'ur+i+& 5er i+'o a 6assio+a'e mili'a+' em6o8ers 5er 'o %ommi'

'ru'59ull4 a+* le&i'ima'el4 'o 5er 9eeli+& o9 loss/ e7e+ 85e+ s5e *oes +o' u+*ers'a+* or %are a' all 9or '5e

s4s'em o9 belie9 s5e 5as %oi+%i*e+'all4 %ame 'o re6rese+')

W5a' 9or me is '5e mos' i+'eres'i+&/ 5uma+ a+* mo7i+& ues'io+ 6la%e* b4 Fassbi+*er;s 9ilm/ is i+

'5e realm o9 '5e 4ho is using at who? ar&ume+' I 5esi'a'e 'o '5i+( '5a' our 5eroi+e mus' be 6i'ie* or

7i%'imi,e*/ i+ '5e e+*/ b4 u+*ers'a+*i+& 5er as abuse* a+* ma+i6ula'e* ?'5ou&5 o+e o9 '5e '8o al'er+a'i7e

e+*i+&s '5a' Fassbi+*er 9ilme* su&&es's '5a' '5a' is '5e 6robable 8a4 'o &o@ be%ause/ 85ile '5e %ommu+is'

&rou6 8as able 'o ma+i6ula'e a+* 9u++el '5e 6a'5os o9 '5e 8oma+;s sorro8/ 'ur+i+& i' i+'o a 9la& o9 '5eir

o8+ a+* a%'uall4 u+rela'e* 9i&5' a '5eme similarl4 'rea'e* b4 se7eral o'5er 9ilms Emma 9ou+* i+'5em ?a+* 6ar'l4 '5a+(s 'o +o'5i+& else bu' 5er =+ai7e'4> or 6ar'ial *e+ial o9 '5e %ause s5e re6rese+'s@ '5e

+e%essar4 7e5i%le 9or 5er o8+ 6a'5os/ 5er o8+ 6a'5e'i%:

i+'e+se e<6erie+%e sear%5i+& 9or some 6arallel i+'e+si'4

o9 reali'4 a+* o9 herself in reality

T5e 8oma+ 9i+*s a 7e5i%le 9or '5is i+'e+si'4/ %om6le'el4

u+rela'e* 'o '5e %ommu+is's or a+ar%5is's ues'/ '5a'

+ee*s 'o be some5o8 ar'i%ula'e*/ si&+i9ie*/ 6la%e* i+ a

7essel a+* ?ri&5'9ull4 so@/ s5e 'a(es '5e o+l4 7essel '5a'

6rese+'s '5a' %oul* %o+'ai+ a+* %a+ali,e 5er)

@mma :usters &Ariggitte 7ira6

gi#es a powerful speech)

2!



I9 I am ma4be 6us5i+& '5e limi's o9 '5e a+alo&4 i+ or*er 'o ma(e a 6oi+'/ '5ere is a similari'4 i+

'5e rela'io+s5i6 be'8ee+ '5e %a's a+* '5e 6eo6le i+ m4 a6ar'me+' a+* '5e e+%ou+'er be'8ee+ '5e +ee*s o9

'5e %ommu+is' &rou6 a+* Emma;s 6assio+a'e ues') T5e similari'4 is +o' o+l4 o9 '5e or*er o9 who is using

at who/ bu' o9 '8o 6arallel %o+7e+'io+s sol7i+& ea%5 o'5er;s ob-e%'i7es b4 %rea'i+& a+ u+e<6e%'e* figure

'5a+(s 'o simul'a+ei'4 or %oi+%i*e+%e) .o'5 si*es bei+& ra*i%all4 *i99ere+' i+ mea+i+& a+* i+'e+'io+

?almos' alie+:li(e@ 85ile i*e+'i%al i+ s5a6e a li''le bi' i+ '5e same absur* %oi+%i*e+'al s'4le o9 '5e

spurious correlations i+%lu*e* i+ '5e 6re7ious 6a&e)

T5is i*ea %oul* ma4be &ro8 i+ Ju+&;s %o+%e6' o9 s4+%5ro+i%i'4

0"ynchronicityB meaningful coincidence)0The classical %hinese teCt did not ask what causes

what, but rather what 0likes to occur with what ?s6ea(i+& i+ re&ar* 'o '5e I:5i+&/ '5e 5i+ese book of

changes@) Through this concept, 5ung sketched a way in which we might penetrate deeper into the inter-

relation of psyche and matter &D6 E is i' 6ossible 'o '5i+( o9 a+ u+*ers'a+*i+& o9 '5e 8orl* +o'

'5rou&5 %ausali'4 bu' '5rou&5 %oi+%i*e+%e/ +o' '5rou&5 %5ro+olo&4 bu' '5rou&5 simul'a+ei'4K

I 9eel 'em6'e* 'o rela'e '5is i*ea 'o Her,o&;s 9oo':'ra7el i*eolo&4 a9ore me+'io+e* bu'/ %o+'rar4 'o

Ju+&/ i9 8e are some5o8 'ra%i+& our 6la%e i+ '5e =rela'io+s5i6 o9 6s4%5e a+* ma''er>/ Her,o& 5imsel9 is

+o' 6re%isel4 eua'i+& ei'5er 5is o8+ or 5is 5ero;s sub-e%'i7e 8orl* a&ai+s' '5e e<'erior 8orl* as i9 '5e4

85ere '8o 6arallel *ime+sio+s/ as mu%5 as I (+o8 5e is +o' so (ee+ 'o '5e 7er4 i*ea o9 subFecti#ity

%o+%e6' '5a' 5e seems 'o %o+si*er i+su99i%ie+' 'o %o+'ai+ or *e9i+e a 6erso+) I+ '5e same 8a4/ Her,o& is

o6e+l4 sus6i%ious a+* elusi7e o9 sel9:a+al4sis as e7er4 e7i*e+%e i+*i%a'es '5a' 9or 5im =sub-e%'i7e> a+*

=ob-e%'i7e> are i+su99i%ie+' %a'e&ories 'o *es%ribe our e<6erie+%e o9 li9e/ a+* '5e o+l4 6ossible ou'%ome o9

sel9:a+al4sis is a +euro'i%/ *is-oi+'e* o+e/ a+ em6'4 *issolu'io+ o9 a +o+:e<is'i+& 6roblem/ %omi+& 9rom a

some5o8 9a(e illusio+ o9 %om6le<i'4)

A9'er all/ i+ 5is 9ilms '5e 5ero;s =sub-e%'i7e> sel9 e<is's i+ a 9la'/ u+i*ime+sio+al u+i7erse o9

absolu'e s'ubbor++ess or e<'reme alie+a'io+/ *i7i*e* be'8ee+ 5is '8o %lassi%al ar%5e'46es ?res6e%'i7el4@

Me&aloma+ia%s 'r4i+& 'o a%5ie7e a ma-or/ all:embra%i+& ?a+* =useless>@ a%'/ a+ a%' '5a' 8oul* b4 i'sel9

-us'i94 '5e e<is'e+%e o9 all '5i+&s ?Fi',%arral*o/ A&uirre/ '5e 8oo*:s%ul6'or S'ei+er/ 'o +ame a 9e8@/ or

isola'e*/ =5a+*i%a66e*> %5ara%'ers/ 9orei&+ 'o e7er4 6ossible so%ial %o+7e+'io+/ u+able 'o 6ro%ess reali'4

)- Ta(e+ 9rom 9rom Ju+& a+* Ri%5ar* Wil5elm i+'ro*u%'io+ 'o '5e I:5i+&)

2



'5rou&5 '5e %ommo+ so%ial a+* 5is'ori%al 9il'ers a+* '5ere9ore e+&a&e* i+ '5e %rea'io+ o9 '5eir o8+

6erso+al i+'er6re'a'io+/ o+e '5a'/ more o9'e+ '5a+ +o'/ rea%5es 'o ra*i%all4 *i99ere+' %o+%lusio+s a+*

%rea'es 6arallel lo&i% s'ru%'ures 'o '5e u+i7ersall4 a%%e6'e* o+es/ s'ru%'ures '5a' 6ro7e 'o be i+'ima'el4

more %o5ere+' a+* 5uma+ '5a+ '5ose o9 '5e a%%e6'e* 5uma+ 8orl* ?as6ar Hauser/ T5e La+* o9 Sile+%e

a+* Dar(+ess/ Gri,,l4 ma+/ e'%)@)

.o'5 (i+* o9 %5ara%'ers are *e9i+e* b4 bei+& 9orei&+ 'o so%ial %o+7e+'io+s 85ile *ee6l4 i++er 'o

8orl*;s au'5e+'i%i'4/ a+* '5ere;s +o be''er e<am6le o9 i' '5a+ '5e semi:au'is'i% as6ar Hauser 85e+ 5e

s'a'es

E .et those apples lie, they are tired and they want to sleep)

E :aspar, an apple can't be tired re6lies 5is 'u'or/ Herr Daumer apples don't ha#e li#es of

their own, they follow our will! I'm going to roll one down the pathB it will stop there where I want it to)

Herr Daumer '5ro8s '5e a66le/ 85i%5 rolls ou' o9 '5e 6a'5 a+* 5i*es i+ '5e &rass)

The apple didn't stop, it hid in the grass! sa4s as6ar)

Herr Daumer 'ries a&ai+ 'o *emo+s'ra'e 5is 6oi+' 8i'5 '5e 5el6 o9 a Lo&i%ia+ '5a' 8al(s alo+&

8i'5 '5em

7ay I ha#e your help in demonstrating it, mr) 3urman? Gow :aspar, lookB mr) 3urman is

going to put out his foot and when I'll roll the apple it will stop there where we want it to ) Daumer

'5ro8s '5e a66le/ mr) Hurma+ 6u's ou' 5is 9oo')

T5e a66le bou+%es i+ '5e 9loor a+* =-um6s> abo7e '5e 9oo' o9 mr) Hurma+)

"mart apple! It Fumped o#er his foot and ran away! sa4s as6ar "mart apple! as6arsa4s) 21

W5a' I belie7e '5a' Her,o& rela'es 'o '5e Worl*;s 654si%ali'4 is +o' so mu%5 human subFecti#ity

bu' human will a+*/ 8i'5 8ill/ '5e e7erlas'i+& ba''le o9 a %5ara%'er/ los' al8a4s i+ a*7a+%e/ 'o s'a'e 5is

o8+ *ime+sio+s a+* '5e *ime+sio+s o9 5is *reams a&ai+s' '5e o+es o9 reali'4 ?bu' +o' 9rom a

psychological 6oi+' 7ie8/ bu' a pathetic o+e/ 85i%5 is '5e mai+ 9rame8or( 'o ma(e 6lausible '5e '5emes

a+* si'ua'io+s o9 5is mo7ies@) T5is some5o8 am6li9ies '5e *e9i+i'io+ o9 a 6erso+;s rela'io+s5i6 'o reali'4

9rom bei+& sim6l4 *i7i*e* be'8ee+ sub-e%'i7e or ob-e%'i7e A s'a'eme+' o9 *i&+i'4/ a mea+i+&9ul a%' 8i'5

i's o8+ 'erri'or4/ remai+s as '5e 6rimar4 -u*&e o9 85a' s5oul* be %o+si*ere* as real/ as i' %o+'ai+s bo'5

'5i+&s 9rame* 'o&e'5er '5e 8orl* a+* '5e sub-e%') Her,o&;s %5ara%'ers are +o' 'orme+'e* b4 '5e

21 S%e+e 9rom T5e E+i&ma o9 T5e e+i&ma o9 as6ar Hauser ?2!/ Wer+er Her,o&@ )

2



%o+'ra*i%'io+s a+* %om6le<i'ies o9 '5eir sub%o+s%ious/ bu' b4 '5e 7er4 6a'5os o9 '5eir e<is'e+%e/ b4 '5e

7er4 9u+*ame+'al %o+'ra*i%'io+ '5a' 6ulsa'es i+ '5e bo''om o9 li9e) T5ere9ore/ 9or e<am6le/ 85ile

mur*eri+& b4 -ealous4 a+* 9alli+& i+'o ma*+ess/ Wo4,e( is +o' *e9i+e* b4 a %om6ulsi7e Dos'o4e7s(ia+

i+'er+al s'ru&&le/ 9ille* b4 i++er mo+olo&ues '5a' a''a%(/ a+al4,e a+* *e%om6ose ea%5 o'5er/ bu' b4 a

6rimal e<is'e+'ial im6ulse 5is %5ara%'ers *o +o' *oub' as '5e4 (+o8 '5a' '5e4 themsel#es a+* '5e 8orl*

are o+e a+* '5e same '5i+&/ a+* e7er4'5i+& 8ill/ ul'ima'el4/ be s8allo8e* b4 '5e la+*s%a6e i+ 85i%5

human will is a 6re''4 %o+%re'e/ s6a%e:o%%u64i+& '5i+& ?T5ou&5 i' %er'ai+l4 mi&5' be %loser 'o a 8a'er9all

'5a+ 'o a 'ree@)

*oy/ecs total #athos--

22 S%e+e 9rom Her,o&;s 9ilm Wo4s,e%( ?2!@

01



For some reaso+ or a+o'5er I;7e 9el' s'imula'e* b4 '5is (i+* o9 i*eas si+%e I &o' i+7ol7e* i+'o

9ilmma(i+&) I's %er'ai+l4 rela'e* 'o m4 o8+ %o+9usio+/ 'o '5e 9e7er o9 &ro8i+& u6/ 9i+*i+& a+* assumi+& a

6la%e/ bei+& 9or%e*/ +euro'i%all4 6us5e*/ 'o *e9i+e ='5e o'5er> as o66ose* a+* e<'erior 'o m4sel9) I

'5ere9ore s'ar'e* 'o 9eel i+'olerable '5e u+a7oi*able %o+'ra*i%'io+ '5a' %om6lies '5e e<is'e+%e o9 others/ o9

a+4 other / 85ile simul'a+eousl4 &ro8i+& i+ %laus'ro65obia 8i'5 '5e i*ea o9 m4 o8+ sel9) .4

e<'e+sio+/ 85e+ I s'ar'e* 'o *oub' abou' m4 o8+ s'a'eme+'s/ all reali'4 s'ar'e* 'o 9a*e/ 'o %o+'ra*i%'/ 'o

remo7e/ as reali'4 is i+ '5is %o+s'ru%'io+ i*e+'i%al 'o 4ill and a will-less character is eHual t o a+ u+s'able/

la8:less/ reali'4/ o+e '5a' 8e %a+;' 'rus' i+)

I' 8as a' some 6oi+' o9 '5is 6erio* '5a'/ 85ile 5eari+& o+e o9 '5e ma+4 ar&ume+'s '5a' Noam

5oms(4 5ol*s alo+& '5e 8eb ?9or 85om I 9eel &rea' res6e%'@/ '5e 85ole *is%ussio+ be&a+ 'o 9all i+'o a+

irra'io+al seue+%e o9 a*-e%'i7es a+* uali9i%a'io+s a+* I su**e+l4 5a* '5e mos' u+%a++4 9eeli+& o9

loosi+& &rou+* s'e66i+& i+'o '5a' 8eir* 6la%e i+ 85i%5 '5e &oo*/ =i*eal> %o+s%ious+ess o9 P ?le';s sa4

5oms(4@ brea(s *o8+ a+* 'ur+s i+'o some'5i+& else) A+* '5e same s'abili'4 a+* %o5ere+%e '5a' 9or me

5e re6rese+'e* is 'ur+e* i+'o some sor' o9 6er7ersio+ sim6l4 be%ause o9 '5a' 5esi'a'io+ i+ 85i%5 su%5

=s'abili'4> is 9or%e* 'o *e9e+*/ a+* '5ere9ore s'o6s bei+& real be%ause =reali'4> is or =s5oul*> be s'able/

'rus':8or'54/ %o5ere+'/ u+i'ar4)

A su&&es'i7e *ialo& 9rom a Go*ar*;s 9ilm seeme* '5e+ 'o o99er a 'em6orar4/ 6ara*o<i%al solu'io+

0)))this morning is like a dream, and we should all think that the other is the one who's dreaming))12)

A+* '5is roa* lea*s us ba%( 'o '5e 6oe'i% 6o'e+'ial o9 a+alo&ies a+* 9ree asso%ia'io+/ 85ere a+

ima&e or a sou+* %a+ re7eal a 5i**e+ %5ara%'eris'i% i+'erior 'o a %om6le'el4 *i99ere+' ima&e or sou+* -us'

b4 6u''i+& '5em 'o&e'5er or o7erla66i+& '5em ?8e mi&5' 6us5 a+* sa4 '5a' o+e is '5e =*ream> o9 '5e o'5er

a+* 7i%e:7ersa@/ 85i%5 is a *ee6l4 %i+ema'i% 6ri+%i6le ?T5e S6urious orrela'io+s %oul* be easil4

mirrore* 8i'5 a &oo* seue+%e o9 6arallel or i+'elle%'ual mo+'a&e@) +*er our 7ie8/ i' also seems 'o

'ou%5/ ues'io+ or or&a+i,e/ '5e limi's a+* %o+7e+'io+s o9 what is real a+* 5o8 i' rela'es 'o oursel7es/

5o8 8e are e+'a+&le* a+* our =sub-e%'i7e> i+6u' is as sus%e6'ible o9 bei+& re*e9i+e*/ re:6la%e* i+ '5e

or*er a+* 9u+%'io+ o9 '5i+&s as mu%5 as e7er4'5i+& else/ as lo+& as i's e<6erie+%e* as a %o+s'i'u'i7e 6ar' o9

reali'4/ +o' a+ e<%e6'io+ o9 i')

20 ./ 0 or 1 Thin2s % *now 3!ot er & 0 ou # %5oses ue -e sais *;elle@ Jea+ Lu% Go*ar*/ 2"!

02



As a 9i+al/ 6la49ul +o'e/ I li(e 'o ima&i+e '5a' b4 sele%'i+& a+* %o++e%'i+& isola'e* a%'io+s/

&es'ures a+* e<er%ises o9 our *ail4 li9e/ 8e mi&5' *is%o7er some sor' o9 9or&o''e+ 6ra4er/ (e4 'o sol7i+&

our rela'io+ 'o '5a' i+7isible some'5i+&) I li(e 'o ima&i+e '5a' film mi&5' some5o8 8or( as a+ a''em6' i+'o

a%5ie7i+& or sear%5i+& su%5 %o++e%'io+s)

The 0eCtreme foreigner :aspar 3auser

&Aruno "chleinstein6 waits to be found in the street)

00



Interlude.

"ubFect and obFect's playful collaborations

2): No ma''er 9or 5o8 lo+& s5e;* loo( a' i'/ '5e 65o'o&ra65 '5a' Gloria 5el* 8oul* +o' ma+a&e 'o

%o+7e4 '5e 31 me'er 8a'er9all '5a' i' 6or'ra4e*/ '5e lo+& los' %as%a*e/ *ee6 i+'o '5e mis' 8i'5 '5e %olor9ul

mou+'ai+s b4 '5e bo''om ?h, such mountains that there where!6, 85ere s5e 5a* ma*e '5e 6i%'ure i+ oh,

such a beautiful day! a+* '5a' s5e 7i7i*l4 remembere*)

.u' +o ma''er '5e e99or'/ Gloria %oul* +o' rea%5 a+4'5i+& o9 i' '5rou&5 '5e ima&e s5e 8as +o8

5ol*i+& a' 5ome/ as mu%5 as s5e 8oul* 'r4) T5e+/ i+ *es6era'io+/ s5e 'rie* 'o im6ro7e i' b4 %o7eri+& 8i'5

'5i+&s/ *e'ails or &lares/ 'r4i+& 'o 'ou%5 some'5i+& o9 '5e 6la%e '5a' 5er 6i%'ure 5a* so s5amelessl4

*es'ro4e*)

Jus' 5al9 8a4 '5rou&5 s5e reali,e* '5a' s5e 8as a%'uall4 %rea'i+& a +e8 6la%e o9 &lo8i+&/

iri*es%e+' 6i+(/ a+* s5e (e6' re'ou%5i+& i'/ moul*i+& i' a+* e<a&&era'i+& i' 8i'5ou' e7er &e''i+& %loser 'o

'5e mois'4 8a'er9all)

Soo+ '5e 6la%e s'o66e* bei+& re%o&+i,able a' all/ bu' s5e (e6' &oi+& -us' b4 '5e bliss9ul/ +e8l4

*is%o7ere* 6o8er 'o *is'or' i'/ 'o %rea'e i' a&ai+ 9rom '5e be&i++i+&) A+* some'5i+& else s'ar'e* 'o arise

8i'5ou' bei+& +o'i%e*) Some blue:6ur6lis5 mo+s'rosi'4/ 5al9 8a4 &ree+/ o9 ma&+i9i%e+' 9luores%e+%e a+*

i+( mis6la%eme+'s/ o9 s5i+4 7olu6'uous+ess o9 &lue '5a' barel4 remembere* '5e4 5a* e7er bee+ mou+'ai+

a' all)

.4 '5e e+* Gloria *i*+;' (+o8 a+4more 85a' 8as s5e *oi+& i+ '5e 9irs' 6la%e) S5e *i*+;' e7e+(+o8 '5a' s5e 5a* 'a(e+ su%5 a 6i%'ure some85ere else a+* some'5i+& i+ some 6oi+' be'8ee+ '5e 6la%e

a+* '5e 9a%' o9 'a(i+& a8a4 i's ima&e 5a* ri66e* i' o9 9rom i's %o+*i'io+) S5e *i*+;' (+o8 a+4more

a+4'5i+& abou' i'/ a+* s5e 5a* as 8ell '5e im6ressio+ '5a' '5a' 8as +o' im6or'a+' a' all)

O7er9lo8i+& o9 6ri*e a+* 6leasure/ s5e -us' a**e* a sim6le mo''o as 9or e<am6le =Ha66i+ess is

+o' 'o *o 85a' 4ou lo7e bu' 'o lo7e 85a' 4ou *o> or some similar 65rase i+ bi& %a6i'al 85i'e le''ers 8i'5

9a*e* %olors a+* '5i%( %o+'ours/ %o7eri+& a '5ir* 6ar' o9 '5e la+*s%a6e 8i'5 i's emi+e+' a+* %o+7i+%i+&

messa&e '5a' *i*+;' mea+ a+4'5i+& a' all)

0): Si+%e 5er '8o *au&5'ers le9' '5e 6are+'al 5ome/ m4 au+' o8+s 5er 9ree 'ime as s5e 5a* +e7er

be9ore) T5is si'ua'io+ 5as le* 5er i+'o 6ai+'i+&) S5e &a'5ers 8i'5 a &rou6 o9 9rie+*s/ ea%5 'ime more o9'e+/

0#



'o 6ai+' '5e mos' s'ra+&e loo(i+& 9lo8ers I;7e e7er 5a* '5e %5a+%e 'o see) T5e 8ome+/ 9as%i+a'e* 8i'5 all

(i+*s o9 ma'erials/ %olors a+* mo*els/ a+* 8i'5 +o 9rame o9 re9ere+%e 85a'soe7er/ 5a7e slo8l4

%o+'ribu'e* 'o %rea'e a +e8/ u+e<6e%'e* a+* u+re%o&+i,e* 7isual &e+re '5a' '5e4 bri+& ba%( 'o 5a+& a'

5ome 85ere/ u+*er '5e sile+' resi&+a'io+ o9 '5eir 5usba+*s a+* '5e 6erio*i% i+sis'e+%e o9 'ime/

a%%umula'es)

$oi+'4 a+* 'e<'uri,e* 9lo8ers) Mo+s'rous 9lo8ers -um6i+& ou' '5e 9rame %arrie* o9 &esso a+* -ams

a+* %o+9e''i) I9 4ou 7isi' m4 au+';s 5ouse/ 4ou are imme*ia'el4 assaul'e* i+ '5e lou+&e b4 a+

o+oma'o6oei% mar&ueri'e/ or a 9a' a+* robus' su+9lo8er as '5e 5eli< o9 a &ia+' 9l4) So9'l4/ se%re'l4/ m4

au+' (ee6s buil*i+& a s4mme'ri%al 6ara*ise o9 mu'a+' a+* 6s4%5e*eli% 9lora alo+& '5a' 8i*e a+*

a99e%'io+a'e 5ouse/ '5a' sa4s '5a' e7er4'5i+& e7er485ere is sa9e '5a' e7e+ '5ose 'ri*ime+sio+al 6i%'ures o+

'5e 8alls seem s8allo8e* b4 '5e %alm a+* se%ure li7i+&:room or '5e im6e%%able %o+s'ella'io+ o9 '5e

(i'%5e+)

.u' I *o+;' belie7e/ 6erso+all4/ '5a' some'5i+& mi&5' be sa9e o9 '5is 6s4%5o'i% 9lora '5a' &ro8s i+'o

'5e 8alls o9 '5e 5ouse i+ i's 9a+'as'i% s4mme'r4/ a+* I am 8ai'i+& 9or '5e *a4 i+ 85i%5 @dmund-the

husband 8ill be *e7oure*/ 546+o'i,e* or *u6li%a'e* b4 a *eme+'e* mar&ueri'e or b4 '5a' %5r4sa+'5emum

o7er '5ere '5a' loo(s '5e 8a4 mus' loo( a %ro%o*ile;s 5eel)

0



Films pursuit of reality.

I+ some 8a4/ '5e 6ro7o%a'io+ 6us5e* 9or8ar* i+ %i+ema b4 I'alia+ Neorealism ba%( i+ '5e 9or'ies

a+* 9i9'ies/ as(i+& 85a' 8as su66ose* 'o be 6or'ra4e* as real or as a+ 5o+es' re6rese+'a'io+ o9 reali'4/ 5as

+e7er 9el' su%5 a s'ro+& ur&e 'o sur9a%e a&ai+ as 'o*a4) .u' i9 '5e 6o6ular I'alia+ mo7eme+' *e+ou+%e* 'o

fiction '5e e<is'e+%e o9 reali'4 a+* a +e8 se' o9 rules 'o a66roa%5 i' 85ere '5e +o' &lamorous li9e 8oul*

-um6 i+'o s%e+e 8i'5 roari+& *i&+i'4/ ma(i+& besi*es o9 i's s'a'eme+' o+ 5uma+i'aria+ a+* so%ial

%o+%er+s/ a 6oi+' o+ '5e '5e *u'4 'o re%o&+i,e or a%%e6' i's rou&5+ess i+'o '5e %lea+ illusio+ o9 %i+ema

'o*a4 '5e im6li%a'io+s o9 a66roa%5i+& reali'4 i+ 9ilm are so *i99ere+' i+ mea+i+& a+* ob-e%'i7es '5a' '5e

a+alo&4 %a+ be 5ar*l4 6la%e* a' all be'8ee+ bo'5 %ases/ a+* 8e %oul* +o' e7e+ re%o&+i,e '5e ues'io+ as

bei+& '5e same)

De6ar'i+& 9rom '5e 9a%' '5a' reali'4 is +o' some'5i+& '5a' +ee*s 'o be or is e7e+ sus%e6'ible o9

bei+& *e+ou+%e* +o' be%ause *e+u+%ia'io+ %oul* e7er s'o6 bei+& 6er'i+e+' a+* +e%essar4/ or '5i+&s

8or'54 o9 *e+u+%ia'io+ %oul* 5a7e *isa66eare* ?'5ou&5 'o*a4 a+4 a%%usa'io+ 5as 'o be 6la%e* 8i'5i+ a

mu%5 more %are9ul 9rame8or( i+ a 8orl* '5a' %a+;' a+4more *eal 8i'5 '5e i*ea o9 si*es/ '5a' %a+ +o' rela'e

8i'5 mo+oli'5i% %o+%e6's o9 good a+* e#il @/ bu' be%ause reali'4 %a+;' be 5el* as some'5i+& =5i**e+> or

a7oi*able a+* is i+s'ea* e<6erie+%e* as some'5i+& o7erl4 e<6ose*/ su6ersa'ura'e*/ mul'i6le a+* i+7asi7e/

'5a' sel9:re6ro*u%es a+* a%%umula'es i+ all *ire%'io+s a+* '5a' is alrea*4 assume* as a %orrela'e o9

%o+s%ious+ess i+ o+e 8a4 or a+o'5er/ +o' e7e+ a+ abs'ra%' or alle&ori%al o+e as i' mi&5' be su66ose*

6o6ular %ul'ure/ 6ar'i%i6a+' o9 all '5e 6ara*o<es o9 mo*er+i'4/ is 6er9e%'l4 i+9orme* a+* a8are o9 '5e9ra&ili'4 o9 85a'e7er '5a' is real)

Follo8i+& '5is lea*/ '5e 're+* o9 %o+'em6orar4 %i+ema '5a' %ame 'o *eal 8i'5 '5is ues'io+ is o+e

'5a' 'ries 'o a*a6' 'o '5is 6ol4mor65i% %o+s'ru%'io+ a+* 'ries 'o &ro8 8i'5 i'/ ma(i+& as mu%5 e99or's as i'

%a+ 'o %o+7e4 +o' o+l4 reali'4;s %om6le<i'4 bu' i's la%( o9 i+'e+'io+ali'4 a+* -u*&eme+' 85ile sear%5i+&

9or a s'ru%'ure 'o 85i%5 8e ma4 9i+all4 rela'e/ si+%e our reality is built in such a way, that is imperati#e

going way too far if we are e#er going to reach it 18)

A i+ema %o+%er+e* 8i'5 reality mi&5' a%'uall4 be o+e 'r4i+& 'o re9rame a+* %o++e%' '5e

m4'5olo&i%al bei+&s o9 5is o8+ %ul'ure i+'o a %ommo+ 'erri'or4 8i'5 '5e 'erri'or4 o9 5is 5is'ori%al 6as' a+*

2# ): uo'e* 9rom Ru*i&er Sa9ra+s(i;s i+'ro*u%'io+ 'o $) Slo'er*i-( =S65eres>)

03



6rese+' i+ A6i%5a'6o+& Weera,ee'a(u5l;s mo7ies/ 9or e<am6le/ '5ere;s +o *i7isio+ a' all be'8ee+ *ail4

li9e/ *reams/ memories or &5os's as '5e4 are all a%%e6'e* i+ '5e same *i++er 'able 2

* son turned into a Fungle spirit &left6 and a deceased wife sitting at the

table in a calm night &abo#e6 in 4ncle 5onmee, who can recall his

#ast li&es.

+*er '5is &ui*a+%e/ *o%ume+'ar4 a+* 9i%'io+al s%e+es 5a7e 5a* 'o

9i+* a %o++e%'i+& (e4/ 85ere bo'5 o9 '5em 9i+* ea%5 o'5er;s

eui7ale+%e;s ?'5ere;s +o su%5 '5i+& as a %o+%re'e reali'4 o'5er '5a+

'5e o+e 8e;re 'r4i+& 'o %rea'e Fa+'as4 is *is%rimi+a'e* be%ause reali'4 is u6 'o su%5 e<'e+' o7erloa*e* '5a'

a 'rul4 a8are %i+ema 'o*a4 is rarel4 o+e '5a' s6ea(s abou' +o+:e<is'i+& 8orl*s/ bu' o+e '5a' 6er9orms i's

9a+'as4 '5rou&5 '5e %o++e%'io+s '5a' ma+a&es 'o es'ablis5/ '5rou&5 '5e ar'i%ula'io+ '5a' is able 'o 6er9orm

o7er '5e 8orl*/ as lo+& as reali'4 *oes +o' e<is' alrea*4 as su%5@)

We %oul* sa4/ 9or e<am6le/ '5a' a 9ilm li(e ost-Tenebras .uC1/ b4 arlos Re4&a*as/ is mu%5

more %o+%er+e* 8i'5 reali'4 '5a+ a+4 o9 '5e 9ilms ma*e b4 '5e bro'5ers Dar*e++e/ 85i%5 +o' +e%essaril4

9or '5e s'ri%' +a'uralism '5a' *e9i+es '5em 5a7e a+4 6reo%%u6a'io+ 8i'5 '5e re%o7er4 o9 reali'4/ bu' 8i'5

2 ): +%le .oo+mee W5o a+ Re%all His $as' Li7es ?0121/ A6i%5a'6o+& Weera,ee'a(u5l@23 ): $os' Te+ebras Lu< ?0120/ arlos Re4&a*as@

0"



%o+7e4i+& %o+%e6'ual a+* moral ues'io+s o+ 5uma+ %o+*i'io+)

$os' Te+ebras:lu</ 9ilm 9rom '5e Me<i%a+ 9ilmma(er arlos Re4&a*as/ 9la8e* as i' is/ is +o+e '5e

less o+e o9 '5e mos' =realis'i%> 9ilms I;7e e+%ou+'ere* i+ re%e+' 9ilm 6ro*u%'io+)

O+ o+e 5a+* is %o+%er+e* 8i'5 a+ o+'olo&i%al *e9i+i'io+ o9 film/ 85i%5 5as 'o be u6*a'e* as 8ell/

'o be %o+sis'e+' 8i'5 '5e %o+'em6orar4 reali'4 o9 ima&es

T5e mo7ie ma*e i's bes' 'o 'a(e seriousl4 '5e 6ri+%i6le '5a' what is left for $ilm i+ '5e era o9 '5e

o7er6o6ula'io+ o9 ima&es/ is 'o use u+re6ea'able youtube %li6s 9rom li9e a+* 9i+* '5eir 6oi+'s o9

%oi+%i*e+%e T5e mo7ie is %om6ose* b4 a series o9 u+%o++e%'e* u+:%o+%e6'uali,e* a+* 7is%eral s%e+es

'5a' 9i&5' as mu%5 as '5e4 %a+ 'o ma(e se+se o9 '5eir messa&e +o' '5rou&5 '5e s'or4 '5a' is 'ol*/ bu'

'5rou&5 '5e i+'e+si'4 a+* 6oe'i% a+* 6a'5e'i% rela'io+ be'8ee+ '5e seue+%es) T5e resul'/ i9 +o' al8a4s

su%%ess9ul/ %arries 8i'5 i' se7eral mome+'s o9 *ee6 beau'4 a+* i+si&5'/ a+* seems 'o 6ro6ose a 6ossible/

le&i'ima'e a+s8er o9 9ilm la+&ua&e 'o '5e e<%ess o9 au*io7isual ima&es)

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Tenebras-luC *ire%'l4 'ries 'o %o+9ro+' '5e %o+'ra*i%'or4 Me<i%a+ reali'4 i+ i's %o+'e+' a+* i's 9orm/ '5e

same o+e 8e 6oi+'e* ou' a' '5e be&i++i+& o9 '5is essa4 a+*/ I *ear 'o sa4/ 8i'5 a 7er4 similar 6er%e6'io+ o9

'5e %ou+'r4 'o m4 o8+) Re4&a*as/ 'r4i+& 'o ma(e a 9ilm as 9orei&+ 'o Reaso+ as 5e 6ossibl4 %oul*/

%rea'e* a mo7ie '5a' 6la4s li(e a m4'5olo&i%al mas5:u6 o9 sub-e%'i7i'ies/ 9ormi+& a+* *e9ormi+& reali'4 i+

'5e same 8a4 i+ 85i%5 '5e a%'ual %las5 o9 so%ial/ ra%ial a+* %ul'ural e+'i'ies *o i' i+ '5e a%'ual 6la%e)

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?e7e+ a %5ara%'er '5a' a66ears i+ o+e si+&le s%e+e seems 'o bri+& 8i'5 5im 5is 6erso+al i+6u'@/ =reali'4> is

ui'e li'erall4 buil' b4 '5e mul'i6li%i'4 o9 i's sub-e%'s a+* simul'a+eousl4 b4 +o+e o9 '5em a' all)

0!



$rames of Post Tene!ras L6 that clearly show the idea of a collecti#e

realism) The female character depicted in the last of the frames &abo#e6,

has this only apparition in the whole film) The image, nonetheless, iscompletely subFugated to her personal eCperience) In the same way, the

football players in the pre#ious page appear and disappear without anyclear narrati#e, spatial or cultural connection whatsoe#er, in selected

points of the structure)

Our &e+era'io+ &re8 u6 8i'5 '5e 'ra*i'io+ o9 *e:%o+s'ru%'io+ a+* iro+4/ 8e &re8 u6 o+ a *ie' o9

*ail4 Sim6so+s s5o8s/ &lobali,a'io+ a+* mul'i6li%i'4/ raise* b4 '5e 6os'mo*er+is' 6ri+%i6les a&ai+s' me'a

+arra'i7es a+* u+i'ar4 'ru'5s/ a&ai+s' a+ all:embra%i7e Sub-e%' a+* i's e7er:las'i+& i+'er+al mo+olo&ues)

.u' I9 'o*a4 8e ma4 see a +e%essar4 re'ur+ o9 The "ubFect '5a' 5a* bee+ 6aral4,e* i+ a&ora65obia

b4 '5e o6e++ess o9 '5e 8orl*/ '5a' =ol*> Sub-e%' 9rom '5e modernist era '5a' 8as '5e 9irs' =7i%'im> o9 '5e

6os'mo*er+is' '5i+(i+&/ 5as 'o %omeba%( %o+*em+e* 'o '5e same s%5i,o65re+i% mul'i6li%i'4 o9 '5e 8orl*

'5a' re%ei7es 5im ?a similar 9eeli+& 'o '5e o+e '5a' a 9ilm li(e $os':Te+ebras Lu< mi&5' lea7e@)

For Errol Morris/ a 9ilmma(er %ommi''e* 'o 9a%'s/ '5e *i7isio+ be'8ee+ '5e sub-e%' a+* '5e 8orl*

is lou* a+* %lear a+* a 9airl4 u++e%essar4 %o+%er+ = Reality is re-enacted inside of our skulls routinely)

That's how we know about the world) 4e walk around in the world) The world isn't walking around in

us!, 5e me+'io+s/ 9airl4 o99e+*e*/ i+ some mas'er%lass arou+* '5e 8eb) I+ m4 %ase/ I 6re9er 'o '5i+( '5a'

reali'4 is a '8o:*ire%'io+s 8or* ?'o sa4 '5e leas'/ as/ 9rom 85a' 8e;7e sai* so 9ar/ reali'4 'o*a4 is more

some (i+* o9 r5i,ome@ '5e 8orl* is 8al(i+& i+si*e o9 us as mu%5 as 8e are 8al(i+& i+si*e o9 i'/ bu' '5e

6ra%'i%al %o+u+*rum o9 su%5 a99irma'io+ ma(es i' i+7ali* a+48a4/ as mu%5 as '5ere is +o e7i*e+' 8a4 i+

0



85i%5 8e %a+ rea%5 'o %ommo+ %o+%lusio+s b4 u+*ers'a+*i+& '5i+&s 9rom '5is 6ers6e%'i7e)

.u' i's 7ali* 'o sa4 '5a' Errol Morris 5imsel9 5as a se+sibili'4 9or i*ios4+%ra'i%/ o**ball %5ara%'ers/

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8a4 i+ 85i%5 ea%5 6erso+ rela'es a+* rea%'s 'o 85a'e7er '5a' %o+si*ers 'o be real/ 85i%5 6ro-e%'s 5im i+'o

'5e 8orl* as mu%5 as '5e 8orl* 6ro-e%'s i'sel9 i+'o 5im i+ '5e same/ %o+'i+uous 6a%e) T5e4 =*e9orm> ea%5

o'5er 8i'5 6ris'i+e a+* s'ubbor+ i+'e+si'4/ bu' '5a' *oes +o' mea+ '5a' 8e %a+ +o' 9airl4 a%(+o8le*&e

some'5i+& as 5a7i+& =reall4> 5a66e+e*) I' *oes+;' im6l4 'o ues'io+ '5e e'5i%al si&+i9i%a+%e o9 9a%'s)

T5ere9ore/ '5e i*ea 8oul* +o' be 'o 'ri7iali,e '5e +o'io+ o9 reali'4 'o 9a7or '5e sub-e%'i7e bu' 'o/

some5o8/ i+'e&ra'e sub-e%'i7i'4 i+'o a %olle%'i7e %ommo+ &rou+*) We %a+ +o' a+* s5oul* +o' 'ri7iali,e

'5e 9a%'s i+ 7ir'ue o9 '5e sub-e%' '5a' obser7es '5em si+%e e7e+ a' '5e e+* o9 '5e roa* 8e 8ill 5a7e 'o rela'e

8i'5 a+* '5rou&5 '5e 9a%'s i+ a %o+7e+'io+ o9 reali'4)

So le's %5oose 'o a&ree '5a' something e<is's or/ 9ur'5er o+/ '5a' e#erything e<is's/ a+* +o' o+l4 '5e

sub-e%' '5a' 6er%ei7es i')

I+ '5e ar'i%le =No'es o+ '5e s'a'e o9 '5e Sub-e%'>2"/ Simo+e S'ir+er &oes 9ur'5er i+ e<6lai+i+& '5e

rela'io+s5i6 be'8ee+ mo*er+ism/ 6os'mo*er+ism a+* some +e8 i+'elle%'ual 're+* '5a' s5oul* o7er%ome

'5em bo'5) T5e 9irs' 6ara&ra65s o9 '5is 6a&e are 6re''4 *ire%'l4 %i'e* 9rom 5er o8+ *es%ri6'io+ o9 '5e

Sub-e%'/ 85ile s5e/ a+* '5e =me'amo*er+is'> mo7eme+'/ 6oi+' a' '5e 8a4 i+ 85i%5 '5e %omeba%( o9 '5e

Sub-e%' is 6ossible be%ause i' is +o8 %a6able 'o %rea'e a %er'ai+ s65ere o9 a%'io+ 9or 5imsel9/ 6ro'e%'i+&5im/ i9 8ell 'em6oraril4/ 9rom '5e e<%essi7e e<6osi'io+ 'o '5e 8orl* b4 'a(i+& 5imsel9 a+* 5is o8+ +ee*s/

*esires a+* a99e%'io+s simul'a+eousl4 iro+i%al a+* si+%ere/ u+s'able a+* s'able

The subFect reappears and it comes with other dismissed categories

such as trust, belief, coherence and e#en lo#e) I would suggest that it

reappears in a confined space that eter "loterdiFk in his 0"pherology

describes as a 0Aubble J an artificially created space, where in a human,

intersubFecti#e eCperience, the outside forces eCposed by postmodern thinkers

can be temporarily shut out)

2" Ar'i%le =No'es o+ '5e s'a'e o9 '5e sub-e%'> b4 Simo+e S'ir+er)

0



W5a' mos'l4 *ra8s m4 a''e+'io+ i+ '5eir *is%ourse is '5is s6e%i9i% ambi&ui'4 '5a' allo8s '5e 6erso+

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2! The 4olf of 4all "treet Mar'i+ S%orsese/ 012#)

#1



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8i'5 eloue+%e '5is i*ea

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2 3a3a3a Ho+& Sa+&:Soo) Sou'5 orea/ 0121)

#2



9ea's o9 some 5is'ori%al 5ero 'o a &rou6 o9 'ouris's) T5e lis'e+ers as( 5er i9 '5e i+9orma'io+ s5e is &i7i+&

abou' 5im is 'rue EThe storyE o+e o9 '5em sa4s is filled with fabrications, and we tend to fantasi>e

about our idols)))

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'5e 5is'ori%al 5ero 'o 85i%5 5er +arra'io+ allu*es

Kou are saying that he doesn't eCist, right? Aut if you'd be to e#er meet him, he'd be so brilliant that

you'd be barely able to see him!)))

T5e+ s5e 'a(es a se%o+*/ as s5e is soa(e* i+ 'ears)))

4hen we say that heroes don't eCist))) there is a self hatred in what we say))) is it not?)))

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9orm 5er au*ie+%e)

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T5e 'ouris' &ui*e ?le9'@ bei+& =se*u%e*> b4 a s'ubbor+ 5ero ?ri&5'@ i+ 3ahaha)

#0



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85ile &ro8i+& i+sis'i+&l4 i+ e7er4 6ossible i+7isible *ire%'io+B

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simul'a+eousl4 a+* '5ere seems 'o be +o 8a4 'o re&ula'e i'/ bu' 8e s'ill 5a7e 'o rela'e constructi#ely 8i'5

i')

*n I-phone ne of the frames in the film 018 lakes by 5ames Aenning)

01 W5o *i*+;' lo7e '5e &rea' Inspector ;adget!!!!02 La $o'i%a *el es6a%io ?S6a%e $oe'i%s@ boo( b4 65iloso65er Gas'o+ .a%5elar*)

#



Is 9rom all '5is '5ou&5's '5a' I &o' 6u,,le* b4 '5e i*ea o9 measuri+& a+ =i+5uma+> 'ime/ or '5e

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00 Solaris ?2!0/ A+*rei Tar(o7s(i@0# $aralell II ?Haru+ Faro%(i/ Germa+4/ 012@) Trailer 5''6sCC888)4ou'ube)%omC8a'%5K7U6"<+*+-rs

#3



The Aanning ;oatB

i*eo:I+s'alla'io+

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#"



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is a+* is not '5eirs@)

#!



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T5e ul'ima'e i*ea is '5a' 9ilm 5as '5e u+%a++4 6ossibili'4 o9 bei+& simul'a+eousl4 a state a+* a

la+&ua&e/ a+ i+'e+si'4 a+* a *ire%'io+/ as '5e s5o' o9 a 5a+* i+ a mo7ie 9rom Rober' .resso+/ 85ere '5e

5a+* is simul'a+eousl4 '5e =i*ea> o9 '5e 5a+* a+* '5e =6rese+%e> o9 '5e 5a+*)

I' bri+&s 'o mi+* a s%e+e i+ :agemusha2+ i+ 85i%5 '5e 9or&e* (i+& 5as 'o lear+ 'o be5a7e li(e a

real (i+& =A (i+& 5as 'o mo7e i+ su%5 a 8a4> ea%5 mo7eme+' 5as a+ i+'e+'io+/ a *ire%'io+/ a 6as' a+* a

9u'ure) Ea%5 mo7eme+' o9 a i+&;s 5a+* is a ser7er 9or '5e +e<' o9 5is mo7eme+'s) T5is is 85a'

*is'i+&uis5es the :ing 9rom the Thief / a+* i' 8oul* seem 'o be '5ere/ i+ m4 o6i+io+/ a %er'ai+ &lim6se/ a+

a%(+o8le*&eme+' o9 o+e o9 '5e beau'i9ul 9u+%'io+s o9 %i+ema &li*i+& be'8ee+ rea%5i+& ou' 'o8ar*s '5e

6rese+%e o9 '5i+&s/ 85ile 9i&5'i+& 'o sa7e '5eir %o++e%'i7i'4)

Aresson's frames of hands)2

A6ar' o9 a+4'5i+& else/ I;* li(e 'o u+*ers'a+* %i+ema'i% %rea'io+ as a+ a%' o9 9ree*om a+*/ be%ause

o9 '5a'/ o9 &e+era'io+ o9 mea+i+& ?be%ause 9ree*om is mea+i+&/ 9ree*om is figure@)

T5a' is 85a' I 6erso+all4 9eel '5a' 9ree*om mus' be li(e absolu'e %o+&rue+%4) T5a' 'o 85i%5 o+e

8oul* li(e '5e mos' 'o a66roa%5 'o '5e 6oi+' 85ere 4ou emo'io+s %o+%ur 8i'5 4our a%'io+s ?so '5a' 4ou;ll

+e7er be a sla7e o9 '5e o+es or o9 '5e o'5ers@/ 'o '5e 6la%e i+ 85i%5 85a' 4ou 6ro*u%e %loses ba%( i's %ir%le

i+ 4oursel9 5a7i+& *ra8+ a %er'ai+ %o+s'ella'io+ 9ar a8a4)

0 a&emus5a b4 A(ira urosa8a/ 21)03 E<'ra%'e* 9rom '5e s5or' 9ilm:essa4 =Ha+*s o9 .resso+>/ b4 o&o+a*a)

#



So/ =reali'4> 5as 'o be %o+%ei7e* a&ai+) A+* i' %a+;' be *e9i+e* b4 i's %ommi'me+' 'o 9a%'s/ or 'o

'5e 6s4%5olo&i%al/ 6oli'i%al/ ob-e%'i7e or sub-e%'i7e reali'4/ a' leas' i+ '5e %i+ema'i% se+se/ is %ommi''e* 'o

I+'e+si'4 a+* Terri'or4 a+* b4 e<'e+sio+ 'o Tru'5) No' 'ru'5 as a %o+7e+'io+ or a+ =a99irma'i7e lie>) Tru'5

as '5e a99e%'io+ o9 some'5i+&;s 6rese+%e/ o9 some'5i+&;s %om6le'e i+'e+si'4 poetic truth/ '5e (i+* '5a' 4ou%a+ i*e+'i94 i+ %er'ai+ %i+ema'i% ima&es '5a' 8or( as %oi+%i*e+'al/ u+e<6e%'e* =Ale65s> a+* '5a' %oul*

+o'/ a+* s5oul* +o'/ be sus%e6'ible 'o be e<6lai+e* or i+'er6re'e* 8i'5 8or*s) o+%e+'ra'io+s o9 s6a%e/

'ime a+* mea+i+& )))li(e '5e *ru+( me+ li(i+& '5e i%e i+ bells from the deep/ '5e &rou6 o9 6eo6le 6us5i+&

'5e 'rai+ i+ day of the bread / '5e 8oma+ 5eari+& a re%or*i+& o9 5ersel9 85ile almos' simul'a+eousl4

lau&5i+& a+* %r4i+& i+ Aelo#y)))

Ima&es '5a'/ as *ee6l4 as 6ossible/ as m4s'eriousl4 as 6ossible/ si&+i94)

#



$reddie Luell and The 7aster, .ancaster Modd, meet

after a short dramatic separation and hug and collapse

in an eChibition of fraternal and infantile Foy, throwing

each other to the ground and hugging, stripping each

other's pants, laughing, dancing, fighting and screaming

all at the same time) & The )aster, directed by aul

Thomas *nderson) N"*, 29126)

E4e can eCpress our feelings regarding the world around us either by poetic or by

descripti#e means) I prefer to eCpress myself metaphorically) .et me stressB metaphorically,

not symbolically) * symbol contains within itself a definite meaning, certain intellectual

formula, while a metaphor is an image) *n image possessing the same distinguishing

features as the world it represents) *n image E as opposed to a symbol E is indefinite in

meaning) ne cannot speak of the infinite world by applying tools that are definite and

finite) 4e can analy>e the formula that constitutes a symbol, while a metaphor is a being-

within-itself, it's a monomial) It falls apart at any attempt of touching it)

O *ndrei Tarko#sky2

0" S%ul6'i+& i+ 'ime ?2/ A+*rei Tar(o7s(i@

1



2



&i'lio#raphy

: Wer+er Her,o&;s $ 4*.:IG; IG I%@B om Ge5e+ im Eis/ ) Ha+ser erla& Mu+i%5 2!)

: A GIDE FOR THE $ER$LEPED ONERSATIONS WITH $AL RONIN/ Faber Q Faber/

Lo+*o+/ 0120@)

: Essa4 RE$RESENTATION OF S$AECTIME IN TSAI MING LIANG;s T3@ 3.@ / b4 Amir

Ga+-a7ie) $ublis5e* i+ '5e A%a*emi% Jour+al ross:ul'ural ommu+i%a'io+0120/ ol) Issue #/ 6#!)

: EL $ASEO ?T5e 8al(@/ b4 Rober' Walser) E*i'orial Siruela/ 012

: Ri%5ar* Wil5elm a+* Ju+&;s i+'ro*u%'io+ 'o '5e I:5i+&/ '5e %5i+ese boo( o9 %5a+&es I HING EL

LI.RO DE LAS MTAIONES ?## ED)@) RIHARD WILHELM ERS) DE D) J) OGELMANN $ROL) DE

) G) JNG/ EDHASA/ 0121)

:LA $OXTIA DEL ES$AIO ?S6a%e 6oe'i%s@ Gas'+ .a%5elar*/ E* 9rom FONA/ 2!)

:ESL$IR EN EL TIEM$O ?SL$TING IN TIME@ A+*rei Tar(o7s(i/ E*) RIAL$/ 011)

Filmo#raphy

WALER/ *ire%'e* b4 Tsai Mi+&:lia+&) 5i+a/ 0120:MOTHER STERS GOES TO HEAEN ?Mu''er s'ers; Fa5r' ,um Himmel@/ *ire%'e*

b4 Rai+er Wer+er Fassbi+*er) Wes' Germa+4/ 2!3)

:THE ENIGMA OF AS$AR HASER/ *ire%'e* b4 Wer+er Her,o&) Wes' Germa+4 2!)

:WOYZE/ *ire%'e* b4 Wer+er Her,o&) Wes' Germa+4/ 2!)

:NLE .ONMEE WHO AN REALL HIS $AST LIES A6i%5a'6o+&

Weera,ee'a(u5l/ 0121) T5aila+*)

: $OST TENE.RAS LP arlos Re4&a*as/ 0121

: THE WOLF OF WALL STREET/ *ire%'e* b4 Mar'i+ S%orsese/ SA/ 0121)

: HAHAHA/ *ire%'e* b4 Ho+& Sa+&:Soo) Sou'5 orea/ 0121)

: 2# LAES/ *ire%'e* b4 James .e++i+&) +i'e* S'a'es/ 011)

: SOLARIS/ *ire%'e* b4 A+*rei Tar(o7s(i) So7ie' +io+/ 2!0)

0

http://www.casadellibro.com/libros-ebooks/richard-wilhelm/73208

http://www.casadellibro.com/libros-ebooks/vers-de-d-j-vogelmann/148761



http://www.casadellibro.com/libros-ebooks/richard-wilhelm/73208



*e' sources

:METAMODERNISM A .RIEF INTRODTION Lu(e 'ur+er;s ar'i%le 9rom '5e 8eb

ma&a,i+e No'es o+ Me'amo*er+ism

5''6CC888)me'amo*er+ism)%omC0123C12C20Cme'amo*er+ism:a:brie9:i+'ro*u%'io+C

:S$ORIOS ORRELATIONS 5''6CC'4ler7i&e+)%omCs6urious:%orrela'io+s

:NOTES ON THE STATE OF THE S.JET Ar'i%le b4 Simo+e S'ir+er 6ublis5e* i+ '5e

8eb ma&a,i+e =No'es o+ me'amo*er+ism>

5''6CC888)me'amo*er+ism)%omC0122C22C10C+o'es:o+:'5e:s'a'e:o9:'5e:sub-e%'C

: $ARALEL II Haru+ Faro%(i/ Germa+4/ 012)

Trailer htt#s77www.yot!e.com7watch8&9#:;<6ndnjrs C

$rese+'a'io+

5''6sCC888)5(8)*eCe+C6ro&rammC6ro-e('eC012Cberli+*o%ume+'ar49orum#C6ro&ramm

0C5aru+9aro%(i6arallel)656

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p68Cxndnjrs

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p68Cxndnjrs

realism in contemporary filmmaking. praca magisterska

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