realities of rehabilitation and resettlement policies and its

Realities of Rehabilitation Realities of Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policies and Resettlement Policies and Its Implementation and Its Implementation

Strategies: An Assessment Strategies: An Assessment of a Thermal Power of a Thermal Power

Project in IndiaProject in India

Dr. Uma Chatterjee SahaDr. Uma Chatterjee Saha

Asst. ProfessorAsst. ProfessorDepartment of Health Care, Department of Health Care,

Xavier Institute For Development Action and Xavier Institute For Development Action and Studies (XIDAS), 4th Mile, VIA RFRC, Mandla Studies (XIDAS), 4th Mile, VIA RFRC, Mandla

Road, Tilhari, Jabalpur-482 021, Madhya Road, Tilhari, Jabalpur-482 021, Madhya Pradesh, India.Pradesh, India.

XIDAS, Jabalpur,INDIA

BackgroundBackground Most large-scale development projects in India has Most large-scale development projects in India has

a centralized, hierarchical and capital-intensive a centralized, hierarchical and capital-intensive approach which has assumed that technology has approach which has assumed that technology has the answer to all development problems. the answer to all development problems.

Centralized command and control system has Centralized command and control system has perhaps been successful for achieving project perhaps been successful for achieving project objectives in terms of physical commodities like objectives in terms of physical commodities like generation of thermal power, hydroelectric power, generation of thermal power, hydroelectric power, irrigation canals etc.irrigation canals etc.

However, the approach has almost completely However, the approach has almost completely failed in resettling and rehabilitating the displaced failed in resettling and rehabilitating the displaced population who have suffered intolerable injustice population who have suffered intolerable injustice and traumaand trauma due to set up of the project due to set up of the project


Some relevant factsSome relevant facts The development projects have already The development projects have already

displaced 21,300,000 people from 1951 to displaced 21,300,000 people from 1951 to 1990 in India1990 in India

At present, the overall number of At present, the overall number of displaced exceeds 30,000,000displaced exceeds 30,000,000

More than 150,000 people have been More than 150,000 people have been displaced in the last 30 years to make way displaced in the last 30 years to make way for power generation projects till date.for power generation projects till date.


Overall objectiveOverall objectiveThe paper provides a basis for determining whether the Project Affected People (PAP) have been actually provided with the means to restore their former living standards, thereby providing an understanding whether their vulnerability has increased or decreased and whether the degree of sustainability has improved or not.

It also helps to assess the changes and outcomes that have occurred in the social fabric of the affected community.


Specific objectivesSpecific objectives To understand the difference in land holding of the To understand the difference in land holding of the

PAPs before and after acquisition and its effect on PAPs before and after acquisition and its effect on cropping pattern, possession of livestock and the cropping pattern, possession of livestock and the nature of employment and earningnature of employment and earning

To understand the amount of compensation given to To understand the amount of compensation given to PAPs and its utilizationPAPs and its utilization

To assess the Impact the Project on availability of To assess the Impact the Project on availability of firewood and fodderfirewood and fodder

To find the Impact of the Project on infrastructural To find the Impact of the Project on infrastructural facilities and amenitiesfacilities and amenities

To find the extent of livelihood restoration activitiesTo find the extent of livelihood restoration activities

To find the Impact of project on the social life and To find the Impact of project on the social life and statusstatus


Company’s provision of R & R and its Company’s provision of R & R and its enactmentenactment

R & R plan and quality of services – from R & R plan and quality of services – from the perspective of the PAPsthe perspective of the PAPs

In-depth study of the consequences of In-depth study of the consequences of positive and negative impact of the project positive and negative impact of the project and its practical solutionand its practical solution


Project AreaProject AreaIt is country’s first Thermal Power Project It is country’s first Thermal Power Project consisting of four units of 660MW, with consisting of four units of 660MW, with environment friendly super critical technology. environment friendly super critical technology. It It isis build at the central part of India. build at the central part of India.

The total land acquired was The total land acquired was 3822.57 3822.57 acres which acres which belonged to comprised of eight villages. The land belonged to comprised of eight villages. The land under acquisition includes 1715.82 acres of under acquisition includes 1715.82 acres of private land, 1400.40 acres of Government land private land, 1400.40 acres of Government land and 506.35 acres of Government revenue and 506.35 acres of Government revenue forestland. forestland.

No reserve or protected area is being acquired. As No reserve or protected area is being acquired. As per the State Government revenue records, there per the State Government revenue records, there are 2035 Project Affected Persons (PAPs), are 2035 Project Affected Persons (PAPs), comprising about 1400 families whose land is comprising about 1400 families whose land is being acquired.being acquired.


METHODOLOGYMETHODOLOGYSystematic Information Collection Analysis Systematic Information Collection Analysis

(SICA) approach(SICA) approachParticipatory ApproachParticipatory Approach Consultative ApproachConsultative Approach

For the survey the researchers adopted different For the survey the researchers adopted different techniques as described below:techniques as described below: Interview Schedule and Focus Group Interview Schedule and Focus Group

DiscussionDiscussion PRA and Observation MethodPRA and Observation Method Case StudyCase Study Discussion and MeetingsDiscussion and Meetings


Sampling DesignSampling Design Complete enumeration of PAPs of 8 Complete enumeration of PAPs of 8

villagesvillages

Besides 4 nearby villages (with no Besides 4 nearby villages (with no intervention) were randomly selected intervention) were randomly selected and surveyed and treated as “control and surveyed and treated as “control village” in the study for comparison village” in the study for comparison with the treatment villages. with the treatment villages.


ANALYSIS & DISCUSSIONANALYSIS & DISCUSSION

Interview Status of Survey

completed

82%

migrated7%

not found11%

completed

migrated

not found


Background characteristics of Background characteristics of the PAPsthe PAPs

Background Characteristics Background Characteristics Percentage of PAPs Percentage of PAPs (N=1632)(N=1632)

AgeAge31 to 4031 to 40 21.621.641 to 5041 to 50 30.130.1

GenderGenderMaleMale 87.787.7

Marital statusMarital statusMarriedMarried 88.288.2


Contd…Contd…

Caste Caste Schedule CasteSchedule Caste 31.131.1Other Backward Class Other Backward Class 42.242.2

ReligionReligionHinduHindu 99.099.0

Type of FamiliesType of FamiliesJointJoint 46.846.8NuclearNuclear 31.631.6

EducationEducationPrimaryPrimary 25.825.8IlliterateIlliterate 39.539.5

Mean Family size Mean Family size 6.54± 3.946.54± 3.94 Mean DependentMean Dependent 5.0 ± 3.53*5.0 ± 3.53* Mean Annual IncomeMean Annual Income Rs. 39,917 ($798)Rs. 39,917 ($798) * Denotes standard deviation from mean value* Denotes standard deviation from mean value


ASSESSMENT OF LAND ASSESSMENT OF LAND ACQUISITION AND ACQUISITION AND COMPENSATIONCOMPENSATION

There is a significant change in land holding There is a significant change in land holding among them, i.e., the no. of PAPs having land among them, i.e., the no. of PAPs having land before the acquisition was before the acquisition was 1632,1632, which came which came down to only down to only 719719 PAPs PAPs

The The mean possession of land per PAP mean possession of land per PAP increasedincreased among those who have retained among those who have retained their land after the company interventiontheir land after the company intervention

Regarding compensation, the company had Regarding compensation, the company had spent a net amount of spent a net amount of Rs. 14 crores on the Rs. 14 crores on the PAPs,PAPs, out of which a total of out of which a total of Rs. one crore Rs. one crore was utilized to purchase new landwas utilized to purchase new land


There was a sudden spurt in land prices in the locality There was a sudden spurt in land prices in the locality after the disbursement of the compensation. According after the disbursement of the compensation. According to them, the land which was between to them, the land which was between Rs.10000-Rs.15, Rs.10000-Rs.15, 000000 before the acquisition rose to more than before the acquisition rose to more than 1 lac1 lac after after the the acquisitionacquisition

But the lapse of time between the land acquisition and But the lapse of time between the land acquisition and the disbursement of compensation constituted some the disbursement of compensation constituted some time gaptime gap, which has been an , which has been an unhappy lacunaunhappy lacuna in the in the people’s time frame.people’s time frame.

One of the positive aspects of the R & R program was One of the positive aspects of the R & R program was the wide-ranging coverage of PAPs the wide-ranging coverage of PAPs (99 per cent)(99 per cent) for for disbursement of compensationdisbursement of compensation


The utilization of the compensation The utilization of the compensation amount by PAPs shows that the majority of amount by PAPs shows that the majority of them had them had utilized it on house construction.utilized it on house construction. Besides, almost half of them had exhausted Besides, almost half of them had exhausted the amount on the amount on day-to-dayday-to-day consumerconsumer needs needs like food, clothes, medical treatment, and like food, clothes, medical treatment, and children’s education. Only a children’s education. Only a handful handful of the of the PAPs have actually purchased land or PAPs have actually purchased land or started started income generation activities,income generation activities, which which might help them in getting a sustainable might help them in getting a sustainable livelihood.livelihood.


THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE CROPPING THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE CROPPING PATTERN AFTER LAND ACQUISITION ON PATTERN AFTER LAND ACQUISITION ON

INCOME LEVEL OF PAPSINCOME LEVEL OF PAPS

There are significant changes in the cropping There are significant changes in the cropping pattern of the PAPs. While about pattern of the PAPs. While about 63 per cent63 per cent of of the PAPs, who where previously involved in the PAPs, who where previously involved in cultivation of Kharif crops, have now been cultivation of Kharif crops, have now been decreased to only 37 percent.decreased to only 37 percent. The agricultural The agricultural involvement in the Rabi crops also decreased but involvement in the Rabi crops also decreased but negligibly.negligibly.

Although the market value of the products Although the market value of the products increases day by day, the gross income from increases day by day, the gross income from cultivation before the land acquisition was Rs. cultivation before the land acquisition was Rs. 1,03,98,504 and after the acquisition, 1,03,98,504 and after the acquisition, it it decreased to Rs. 93,27,239 ($1,86,545).decreased to Rs. 93,27,239 ($1,86,545).


When the PAPs were asked about the When the PAPs were asked about the reduction in family income from reduction in family income from agriculture about 86 per cent people agriculture about 86 per cent people disagreed – which gives a clear disagreed – which gives a clear implication that the PAPS implication that the PAPS supplement supplement the loss of incomethe loss of income from cultivation by from cultivation by other sources of income.other sources of income.


EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE POSSESSION OF LIVESTOCK POSSESSION OF LIVESTOCK

The mean livestock per PAP decreased The mean livestock per PAP decreased from from 66 to to 3 3 and at the level of the villages, and at the level of the villages, the sum of livestock was the sum of livestock was 39733973 before the before the acquisition, which came down to acquisition, which came down to 20502050 after after the acquisition. the acquisition.

The mean income reduction from livestock The mean income reduction from livestock per PAP is per PAP is Rs 466Rs 466 and for all the villages and for all the villages the total reduction was the total reduction was Rs. 1,40,425.00Rs. 1,40,425.00 ($ ($ 2809) annually 2809) annually


The main reasons for the The main reasons for the reduction in the number of reduction in the number of livestock after the land acquisition livestock after the land acquisition were their inability to maintain the were their inability to maintain the livestock, livestock, reduction in the grazing reduction in the grazing groundground and a and a reduction in the reduction in the earnings of PAPs,earnings of PAPs, which which reduced reduced the purchasing capacity of fodder the purchasing capacity of fodder from the market.from the market.


IMPACT ON ACCESS TO IMPACT ON ACCESS TO FIREWOOD AND FODDERFIREWOOD AND FODDER

Earlier, the PAPs used to Earlier, the PAPs used to collect firewood and collect firewood and fodder from their own landfodder from their own land but after the land but after the land acquisition, many PAPs became landless and acquisition, many PAPs became landless and many others had a reduction in the size of their many others had a reduction in the size of their land. Those PAPs who were landless had to land. Those PAPs who were landless had to purchase firewood and fodder from the purchase firewood and fodder from the marketmarket and those whose land size was reduced and those whose land size was reduced had access to firewood and fodder from their had access to firewood and fodder from their own land but it was own land but it was insufficient.insufficient. Hence, they Hence, they also had to purchase these from the market.also had to purchase these from the market.


EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE NATURE EFFECT OF CHANGE IN THE NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT AND EARNINGOF EMPLOYMENT AND EARNING

The The occupational transitionoccupational transition from from the the agricultural sectoragricultural sector to the to the non-non-farm sectorfarm sector was prevalent among was prevalent among the respondents.the respondents.

Due to Due to lack of traditional lack of traditional occupationoccupation, the people , the people depend depend for for their livelihood mostly on their livelihood mostly on non-farm non-farm daily wage earningdaily wage earning and and servicesservices..


Most often those PAPs who are willing to work get jobs as Most often those PAPs who are willing to work get jobs as dailydaily wage labourer in the companywage labourer in the company and in the nearby and in the nearby semi-urban areas. The advent of the company has opened semi-urban areas. The advent of the company has opened various avenues of work and jobs. various avenues of work and jobs.

But But outsidersoutsiders are appointed on the are appointed on the basis of efficiency, skill basis of efficiency, skill and expertiseand expertise, which are hitherto missing among most of , which are hitherto missing among most of locals, they are locals, they are abstainingabstaining from it. from it.

Moreover it is observed that the Moreover it is observed that the PAPs were not keen on get PAPs were not keen on get jobs anywhere outside, as they feel that since the company jobs anywhere outside, as they feel that since the company had taken their land and assets, it must provide them the had taken their land and assets, it must provide them the means of livelihood.means of livelihood. Because of this mindset, they are Because of this mindset, they are agitated and de-motivatedagitated and de-motivated to find job elsewhere and remain to find job elsewhere and remain unemployed.unemployed.


IMPACT ON THE SOCIAL LIFEIMPACT ON THE SOCIAL LIFE The The prevalence of child marriageprevalence of child marriage is still existent after is still existent after

the land acquisition. the land acquisition.

The parda system and the female mortality rate are The parda system and the female mortality rate are decreasingdecreasing, while the , while the dowry system is increasingdowry system is increasing. .

The women’s role in The women’s role in decision-making decision-making in household in household matters and matters and educationeducation for girls, which were high before for girls, which were high before the land acquisition, are further the land acquisition, are further increasing.increasing.

Regarding occupations, due to land loss, the Regarding occupations, due to land loss, the migration migration raterate has has increased, the dependency on the company has increased, the dependency on the company has increasedincreased, while the , while the job opportunity has also slightly job opportunity has also slightly increasedincreased. .

Due to the Due to the decrease in the forestlanddecrease in the forestland,, the earlier the earlier dependencydependency on the forest has on the forest has decreased.decreased.


IMPACT OF INTERVENTION ON THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF INTERVENTION ON THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE PAPsSTATUS OF THE PAPs

About 7 per cent of the PAPs say that their social status About 7 per cent of the PAPs say that their social status has been affected, the reasons are:has been affected, the reasons are:

About 15 per cent of the PAPs say that due to land About 15 per cent of the PAPs say that due to land acquisition, the acquisition, the existing social institutions have been existing social institutions have been dissolveddissolved. .

Seven per cent of the PAPs say that Seven per cent of the PAPs say that their family was their family was disintegrateddisintegrated after the land acquisition after the land acquisition

21 per cent of them say that the 21 per cent of them say that the family feuds have family feuds have increasedincreased due to due to unequal distribution of compensationunequal distribution of compensation among the family members. among the family members.

About 53 per cent of the PAPs have About 53 per cent of the PAPs have migrated to other migrated to other placesplaces, where they could not maintain their earlier , where they could not maintain their earlier social status. social status.


IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPACT OF INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES AND AMENITIES FACILITIES AND AMENITIES

Taking into consideration all the above indicators, as Taking into consideration all the above indicators, as proxy to the living standard of the PAPs an index proxy to the living standard of the PAPs an index known as “Standard of Living Index” (SLI), has been known as “Standard of Living Index” (SLI), has been formulated. Analysis depicts that PAPs in formulated. Analysis depicts that PAPs in low standard low standard of living increased by 5.8 per centof living increased by 5.8 per cent points and points and subsequently subsequently it decreased in the middle and high it decreased in the middle and high standard of living.standard of living. Agricultural land, irrigated land Agricultural land, irrigated land and livestock influence the present index. Thus, and livestock influence the present index. Thus, although the PAPS might have more income level, although the PAPS might have more income level, saving or asset, presently with respect to pre-saving or asset, presently with respect to pre-acquisition phase but the index is more influenced by acquisition phase but the index is more influenced by the aforesaid previous indicators.the aforesaid previous indicators.


Positive ImpactPositive Impact Negative ImpactNegative ImpactIncome level has improvedIncome level has improved Needs are emerging higher Needs are emerging higher

than the income resulting in than the income resulting in an economic pressure on an economic pressure on familiesfamilies

Educational status and Educational status and awareness of people is awareness of people is improvingimproving

Dependency on the company is Dependency on the company is increasingincreasing

People have easy approach to People have easy approach to infrastructural facilitiesinfrastructural facilities

Due to lack of community Due to lack of community feeling and sense of feeling and sense of ownership, maintenance is ownership, maintenance is inadequateinadequate

Acculturation and infiltration Acculturation and infiltration of new methods and systemsof new methods and systems

Disappearance of local culture Disappearance of local culture and identityand identity

Access to various Access to various employment opportunities for employment opportunities for those who are willing to workthose who are willing to work

People are less interested in People are less interested in their traditional occupation. their traditional occupation. There is occupational mobilityThere is occupational mobility

Life style, which includes Life style, which includes housing, clothing, change in housing, clothing, change in livelihood, change in food livelihood, change in food habit, educational level etc., habit, educational level etc., has improvedhas improved

Health standard has declined Health standard has declined due to change in food intake, due to change in food intake, work culture and environmentwork culture and environment

Job opportunities are moreJob opportunities are more People have little time for People have little time for social and ritual customssocial and ritual customs


The perception of the PAPs The perception of the PAPs regarding the interventionregarding the intervention

About 33 per cent of the PAPs said About 33 per cent of the PAPs said that that the project is beneficial in the the project is beneficial in the future.future. The PAPs will be benefited by The PAPs will be benefited by getting jobs in the company and getting jobs in the company and having many facilities like having many facilities like school, school, hospital, park, market, bank,hospital, park, market, bank, etc. On etc. On the other hand, the other hand, 57 per cent of the 57 per cent of the PAPs said that the project is not PAPs said that the project is not beneficialbeneficial for them at present or in for them at present or in the near future. the near future.


THE COMPANY’s INTERVENTION IN THE COMPANY’s INTERVENTION IN LIVELIHOOD RESTORATIONLIVELIHOOD RESTORATION

Table describes that only Table describes that only

2 PAPs2 PAPs, out of 1690, have received training on the , out of 1690, have received training on the special course in special course in ITIITI and both are satisfied. and both are satisfied.

Eight PAPs,Eight PAPs, out of 1683, are running out of 1683, are running small shopssmall shops and 6 and 6 of them are satisfied. of them are satisfied.

About About 65 unskilled65 unskilled PAPs, out of 1690, are working in PAPs, out of 1690, are working in the company and out of them 4 are satisfied.the company and out of them 4 are satisfied.

Only Only 1 is a skilled worker,1 is a skilled worker, out of 1691 PAPs got job in out of 1691 PAPs got job in the company and he is satisfied. the company and he is satisfied.

Sixty-two PAPs,Sixty-two PAPs, out of 1690, are working on contract, out of 1690, are working on contract, while only 5 of them are satisfied.while only 5 of them are satisfied.


Other R&R provisionsOther R&R provisions The company has many provisions for the welfare of the affected The company has many provisions for the welfare of the affected

people and it provided people and it provided Tri-cycle, Wheel chairs, Hearing aids, Tri-cycle, Wheel chairs, Hearing aids, Tape recorders and cassettes for visually impaired, Artificial Tape recorders and cassettes for visually impaired, Artificial limbs and crutches to the handicapped people. limbs and crutches to the handicapped people.

The company also The company also organized Health checkup camps, Eye camps, organized Health checkup camps, Eye camps, family welfare camps and ayurvedic health camps. family welfare camps and ayurvedic health camps.

It provided many It provided many facilities for schools and college, such as, facilities for schools and college, such as, school bags & stationeries, table, chairs & durries in school, school bags & stationeries, table, chairs & durries in school, scholarships & fee assistance, drinking water facility, computer scholarships & fee assistance, drinking water facility, computer lab in College, etc. lab in College, etc.

the company also supported Rural Sports and Cultural Activities. the company also supported Rural Sports and Cultural Activities. Almost all the PAPs are satisfied with the company for all these Almost all the PAPs are satisfied with the company for all these

provisions.provisions.


Responses regarding the quality assessment Responses regarding the quality assessment of the company services reveals of the company services reveals 56 per cent 56 per cent said that the plan was sufficient,said that the plan was sufficient, about 55 about 55 per cent are satisfied with those plans and 54 per cent are satisfied with those plans and 54 per cent PAPs are happy with the plan they per cent PAPs are happy with the plan they have chosen. The remaining have chosen. The remaining 46 per cent of 46 per cent of the PAPs are not happythe PAPs are not happy with these plans and with these plans and the reasons for their unhappiness were: that the reasons for their unhappiness were: that they were they were compelled to take that plancompelled to take that plan, the , the choices available were not enough and choices available were not enough and someone guided them to choose the plan,someone guided them to choose the plan, etc. etc.


IMPACT OF R AND R ON THE PAPsIMPACT OF R AND R ON THE PAPsPositive ImpactPositive Impact Negative ImpactNegative Impact

Development of basic community Development of basic community infrastructuresinfrastructures

Loss of collectivism, sociability and Loss of collectivism, sociability and fellow feelingfellow feeling

Generation of employment Generation of employment opportunitiesopportunities

Loss of Land led to change in Loss of Land led to change in nutritional standard and quality food nutritional standard and quality food intake.intake.

Separate department of the R and R Separate department of the R and R facilitated an easy approach to the facilitated an easy approach to the company for complaints.company for complaints.

Never ending dependency on the Never ending dependency on the company led to the loss of initiatives company led to the loss of initiatives and creativityand creativity

Good rapport with sociologistsGood rapport with sociologists Aspirations of people exceeded their Aspirations of people exceeded their graspgrasp

Different programmes and schemes Different programmes and schemes approached the affected villagesapproached the affected villages

Poor follow up of the programmesPoor follow up of the programmes

Improvement in educational standard, Improvement in educational standard, literacy level literacy level

Demand for too many things from the Demand for too many things from the companycompany

Hope for further development of the Hope for further development of the area and the peoplearea and the people

Self-centeredness, widening gaps Self-centeredness, widening gaps between and among the individuals.between and among the individuals.


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSAlthough a large scale effort has been made by Thermal Power Although a large scale effort has been made by Thermal Power

Company to implement the R & R activitiesCompany to implement the R & R activities

Out of a total amount of Out of a total amount of Rs. 14 crores spent for R & R only Rs. Rs. 14 crores spent for R & R only Rs. one crore was utilized to purchase new land. one crore was utilized to purchase new land. Besides the lapse Besides the lapse of time between the land acquisition and the disbursement of of time between the land acquisition and the disbursement of compensation constituted some compensation constituted some time gap,time gap, which has led to an which has led to an unhappy lacunaunhappy lacuna i.e., the cost of land which was between i.e., the cost of land which was between Rs.10000-Rs.15, 000Rs.10000-Rs.15, 000 before the acquisition rose to more than before the acquisition rose to more than 1 lac1 lac after the acquisition. Thus 56 percent PAPs changed after the acquisition. Thus 56 percent PAPs changed from from agricultural sector to the non-farm sector. Besides these agricultural sector to the non-farm sector. Besides these PAPs are basically farmers proved to be mostly unskilled PAPs are basically farmers proved to be mostly unskilled labourer. The company appointed outsiderslabourer. The company appointed outsiders on the on the basis of basis of efficiency, skill and expertise thus demotivated the PAPs and efficiency, skill and expertise thus demotivated the PAPs and created unrest and discontentment among.created unrest and discontentment among.


The management with certain amount The management with certain amount of distress and exasperation says: of distress and exasperation says: “We have done everything we “We have done everything we could, why do the people remain could, why do the people remain unhappy?”unhappy?”

why is it that a “turn around” has why is it that a “turn around” has not come about completely till not come about completely till date?date?

How to How to bridge the gap?bridge the gap?


RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS The R & R management of the company The R & R management of the company comprised of engineers, who are good in comprised of engineers, who are good in factory work but comparatively less factory work but comparatively less knowledgeable about societal need. They are knowledgeable about societal need. They are advised to adopt a policy of walking around advised to adopt a policy of walking around and meeting people in person, and checking and meeting people in person, and checking personally for themselves that actual personally for themselves that actual situation on the ground, rather than relying situation on the ground, rather than relying solely on the communications from lower solely on the communications from lower functionaries.functionaries.

The service of the state officials (politically The service of the state officials (politically driven) should be activated to help the PAPs driven) should be activated to help the PAPs to acquire additional land elsewhere and to to acquire additional land elsewhere and to move out.move out.


The management of village infrastructural The management of village infrastructural development work should not be entirely development work should not be entirely transferred to the State Government rather transferred to the State Government rather implemented through reliable NGOsimplemented through reliable NGOs

A customer-friendly approach should be A customer-friendly approach should be cultivated between the managers of Power cultivated between the managers of Power Company in their relations with PAPs. Company in their relations with PAPs.

The income generation projects for the PAPs The income generation projects for the PAPs are not properly managed. They need more are not properly managed. They need more motivation, encouragement and escorting, if motivation, encouragement and escorting, if they are to take up new ventures. they are to take up new ventures.


The “buy peace” approach utilized initially to coax The “buy peace” approach utilized initially to coax the recalcitrant or vocal PAPs to part with their the recalcitrant or vocal PAPs to part with their land has encouraged some of them to take the land has encouraged some of them to take the law into their own hands.law into their own hands. Before such a Before such a situation develops into a menace and threatens situation develops into a menace and threatens public security, it needs to be checked public security, it needs to be checked immediately. immediately.

This task should not be imposed on the This task should not be imposed on the Management (basically engineers) of power Management (basically engineers) of power company alone. Perhaps some neutral bodies or company alone. Perhaps some neutral bodies or groups, such as, Civil Society organizations, groups, such as, Civil Society organizations, Rotary Clubs, Lions Clubs, NGOs, Women’s Rotary Clubs, Lions Clubs, NGOs, Women’s Organizations, etc. should come together and Organizations, etc. should come together and cooperate to build a climate of shared concern cooperate to build a climate of shared concern for the whole communities. for the whole communities.


Thank you for a patient Thank you for a patient listeninglistening

realities of rehabilitation and resettlement policies and its

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