realization of a cycle
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Realization of A Cycle. P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi. How to Create Temperature and Pressure…..?. Power Generation Cycle. Goal: To generate Mechanical Power through from heat input !!! Question: What is the Upper Limit of Cycle Performance? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Realization of A Cycle
P M V SubbaraoProfessor
Mechanical Engineering Department
I I T Delhi
How to Create Temperature and Pressure…..?
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Power Generation Cycle
Goal: To generate Mechanical Power through from heat input !!!
Question: What is the Upper Limit of Cycle Performance?
Can You Predict?
Is it essential to try and find out using only on the field Test?
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A Mathematical Model for (James Watt’s) Steam Engine
expansion
Heat AdditionHeat Removal
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Carnot’s Model for Power Cycle
compressorturbinenet WWW
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s
1 – 2 : Compressor : Isentropic Compression : s2 = s1
2 – 3 : Boiler: Isothermal Heating : T3 = T2
3 – 4 : Turbines : Isentropic Expansion : s4 = s3
4 – 1 : Condenser: Isothermal Cooling : T1 = T4
Carnot’s Model for Power Cycle
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The Carnot Cycle Vs The Natural Cycles
Ecological Nuisance
Abi
lity
to P
erfo
rm
111
nn
b
y
a
x
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Realization of A Cycle
• Creation of Parameters of A Cycle
• Resource: Sources of Energy
out
in
out
in
in vdpdhTdsq
inout
out
inout
in
out
ininm ss
vdpdh
ds
Tds
T
,
• Heat Addition in Steam Generator, qin
• Mean Effective Temperature of heat addition : Entropy averaged Temperature.
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Analysis of A Cycle
• Net work out put =
• Heat Input =
TdSWnet
max
min
S
S
in TdSQ
outminmnet TTSSw ,,minmax
inmin TSSQ ,minmax
Efficiency, inm
outm
inm
outminm
in
netcycle T
T
T
TT
Q
W
,
,
,
,, 1
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• The selection of working fluids and operation conditions are very important to system performance.
• The thermodynamic properties of working fluids will affect the system efficiency, operation, and environmental impact.
• Basically, the working fluid can be classified into three categories.
• Those are dry, isentropic, and wet depending on the slope of the T–S curve (dT/dS) to be positive, infinite, and negative, respectively.
• The working fluids of dry or isentropic type are more appropriate for power generation.
• This is because dry or isentropic fluids are superheated after isentropic expansion, thereby eliminating the concerns of impingement of liquid droplets on the turbine blades.
• Moreover, the superheated apparatus is not needed.
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Organic Substances must be selectedin accordance to the heat sourcetemperature level (Tcr < Tin source)
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Selection of Fluids• RC (Single Componant Working Fluid)
• Evaporation and condensation at fixed temperatures
• Fluid must be selected in accordance to the temperature level of the heat source
• Pinch point is limiting factor for heat transfer
• Environmental impacts and restrictions by using organic substances
• Inflamable and/or toxic and/or GWP (Global Warming Potential) and/or ODP
• (Ozone Depletion Potential)