recent advances in algorithms for energy disaggregation · recent advances in algorithms for energy...
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Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
J. Zico Kolter MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
BECC Conference, 2011
In collaboration with: Tommi Jaakkola, Matthew J. Johnson, Andrew Y. Ng, Sidhartha Batra
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
The Goal
• Determine breakdown of power given whole-home consumption (e.g. from smart meter)
Total Power
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
The Goal
• Determine breakdown of power given whole-home consumption (e.g. from smart meter)
Total Power Disaggregated Power
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Event-Based” Detection
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Event-Based” Detection
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Event-Based” Detection
Dryer? Fridge? Microwave? Noise? …
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Event-Based” Detection
Dryer? Fridge? Microwave? Noise? …
![Page 8: Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation · Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation J. Zico Kolter MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022052016/602e77a9df3b5213ed6d6ffc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Event-Based” Detection
Dryer? Fridge? Microwave? Noise? …
• The standard paradigm for energy disaggregation (e.g, Hart, 1992; Leeb, 1993; Laughman et al., 2003; Patel et al., 2006, Bergés et al., 2010; Gupta et al., 2010)
• Problems: doesn’t provide actual energy breakdown, difficultly handling long-term devices, can make physically impossible predictions (e.g., device comes on twice without turning off)
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
Coffee Machine
Dryer
Computer
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
• Helped by nature of AC Power
Curr
ent Time =
Coffee Machine
Dryer
Computer
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
“Power Packing” Detection
• A relatively recent approach (Suzuki et al., 2008; Liang et al., 2010; Inagaki et al., 2011)
• Provides true energy breakdown, can handle “always on” devices
• Problems: combinatorial (hard) optimization problem, extremely sensitive to noise/transients and devices that are too similar
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Our work: Algorithms for “Joint” Energy Disaggregation
[Kolter et al., 2010; Kolter and Jaakkola, 2011]
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Interconnected Prediction Tasks
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Interconnected Prediction Tasks
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Modeling Interconnected Tasks
• Powerful methods for handling such tasks: probabilistic graphical models
• Exactly solving resulting optimization problem still intractable
Factorial Hidden Markov Model [Ghahramani and Jordan, 1997]
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Modeling Interconnected Tasks
• Powerful methods for handling such tasks: probabilistic graphical models
• Exactly solving resulting optimization problem still intractable
Factorial Hidden Markov Model [Ghahramani and Jordan, 1997]
• Our method presents an approach for approximately solving such optimization problems; based on methods from convex optimization, probabilistic inference
• Incorporates both the “event-based” features and the “power packing” features, classifies all energy jointly
• Tractable for large numbers of devices, many states for each device, and long time periods
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance Total Power
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance True Disaggregation
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance Our Method
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance Over Two Weeks
Device (Circuit) Our Method Previous Approach
Microwave 97.5% 94.8%
Bath GFI 15.0% 80%
Bath GFI 95.1% 0%
Bath GFI 94.7% 37.4%
Electronics 41.6% 39.4%
Kitchen Outlets 37.5% 9.7%
Furnace 91.7% 18.5%
Kitchen Outlets 45.2% 12.5%
Washer / Dryer 98.8% 89.3%
Total 87.2% 44.7%
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Performance Over Two Weeks
Device (Circuit) Our Method Previous Approach
Microwave 97.5% 94.8%
Bath GFI 15.0% 80%
Bath GFI 95.1% 0%
Bath GFI 94.7% 37.4%
Electronics 41.6% 39.4%
Kitchen Outlets 37.5% 9.7%
Furnace 91.7% 18.5%
Kitchen Outlets 45.2% 12.5%
Washer / Dryer 98.8% 89.3%
Total 87.2% 44.7%
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Publicly Available Data and the Behavior / Algorithms
Interplay
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
REDD: A Publicly Available Dataset
• Reference Energy Disaggregation Data Set • 16.6 kHz whole-home current
and voltage • 1 Hz power consumption for
each circuit (Powerhouse Dynamics eMonitor)
• 1 Hz power consumption on select outlets (Enmetric PowerPort)
Initial release (6 homes, ~2 weeks) available at: http://redd.csail.mit.edu
[Kolter and Johnson, 2011]
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
REDD: A Publicly Available Dataset
• Reference Energy Disaggregation Data Set • 16.6 kHz whole-home current
and voltage • 1 Hz power consumption for
each circuit (Powerhouse Dynamics eMonitor)
• 1 Hz power consumption on select outlets (Enmetric PowerPort)
Initial release (6 homes, ~2 weeks) available at: http://redd.csail.mit.edu
• >12 GB of data, per home, per day • Compress using greedy approximation
to total variation regularization
[Kolter and Johnson, 2011]
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J. Zico Kolter | Recent Advances in Algorithms for Energy Disaggregation
Behavior and Algorithms
Behavioral Studies
Algorithmic Advances