Recent changes in GOJ space organizations

November 1th, 2012

Office of National Space Policy, Cabinet Office

Junya NISHIMOTO

Security

Civil

Science & Technology

Commercial

Industrial and Technological Base

Communication system for defense

purpose Metrological phenomenon

Disaster prevention

Communication/broadcasting

Positioning system Environment

observation

National territory control

Planetary exploration Space science

Future Space Development Application in Japan

Resource exploration

Purchase of satellite images

R e m o t e s e n s i n g

Monitoring of land, ocean and space condition

Purchase of satellite images

Application of Geospatial information

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Approximate estimate of requested Space related budget for FY2013

Requested amount for FY2013: 353.7 billion yen (incl. priority request and special priority request) （Compared with the previous year budget: 55.8 billion yen increase (18.7% increase)

Breakdown per ministry (unit : billion yen)

Cabinet secretary 62.2

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology 188.5

Cabinet office 11.1 Police 0.8 Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications 4.1 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 0.2

Ministry of Defense 66.7

Ministry of education 4.7 Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism 9.4 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 5.7 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 0.2

(All ministries)

Transition of space-related budget (unit: billion yen)

0

100

200

300

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

316.0 348.8 339.0 304.9 298.0 353.7

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Capability and ownership of space systems by country

• Only 9 countries and regions have an independent capability to launch satellites. • More than 50 countries possess their own satellites. • Emerging countries tend to adopt their own satellite systems.

Countries owning satellite and having manufacturing capability of launch vehicle Source:Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Countries owning satellite

Countries owning satellite and having manufacturing capability of launch vehicle

U.S. Russia EU Japan China Ukraine India Israel Iran

Office of National Space Policy, Cabinet Office ---The Headquarter for Japanese Space Policy---

The Office of National Space Policy shall

Assist the Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy (Chaired by the Prime Minister / Constituted by all ministers of the Cabinet)

Deal with the following issues by using the function of the Committee on National Space Policy • Formulate budget request policy and make follow-ups on each

ministry’s budget request to confirm their budget request is consistent with the policy

• Revise the Basic Plan for Space Policy

Develop and operate satellite systems for inter-ministerial use, including QZSS

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The amendment of the law concerning Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA law) Aligns description of the “peaceful purpose” in JAXA law with the Basic

Space Law which is consistent with the Constitution

Adds to JAXA’s authority to assist and advise matters related to development, launch and operation of satellites in response to request from industry

Any ministry could become competent ministers for individual projects when added by cabinet order. JAXA will develop satellites based on the needs of each ministry.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) ---The core implementing agency to support the development and use of space by the entire government with technology---

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Committee on National Space Policy

- Planning of basic policy - Policy coordination with related ministries - Implementation of interministerial policy (including development and operation of the QZSS)

- Planning and implementation of individual policy

1. Specific items to be addressed • Policy of estimating expense for development and use of space in related ministries and agencies • Items to be included in new Basic Plan for Space Policy • Mid- and long term basic strategy of space policy in the overall/specific field • Evaluation of major governmental space related programs • Evaluation of major governmental space related projects and other important items concerning space development applications 2．Current discussions for FY2012 (1) Discussion of budget request policy for FY2013 July - August Discuss and prepare the budget request policy Oct. – Nov. Follow-up of the budget request policy (2) Discussion of the items to be implemented in the new Basic Plan for Space Policy August - Nov. Hold discussion meetings about twice a month Dec. Prepare reports for items to be implemented in new Basic Plan for Space Policy Jan. – Feb. Develop a new Basic Plan for Space Policy (determined by the Strategic Headquarters for Space Policy)

Items to be studied and deliberated by the Committee on National Space Policy

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Current Status of Japan’s Space Industry (industrial scale for space)

According to The Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies, Japan’s industrial scale for Space (FY2010) is 9.17 trillion yen. 93% of Space equipment industries (258.4 billion yen) was domestic consumption (241.4 billion yen)(FY2010) Currently, the core of Space application industry is communication/broadcasting. However, only one of 20 Japan owned communication/ Broadcasting satellites is manufactured by Japanese company. 98% of Space application service industries (781.5 billion yen) was satellite communication and broadcasting field (763.8 billion yen) (FY2010).

② Space application

service industry

③ Space-related COTS industry

④ User industry

① Space equipment industry

Service

【Total amount of Space industry: 9.17 trillion yen】

①Space equipment industry 258.4

Satellite（51％）, rocket: 14％, ground facility: 13％, software: 9％, etc.

Space application industry 8,911.4 －

② Space application service industry 781.5

Satellite communication：98％, observation area: 1％, launch service：1％, etc.

③Space-related COTS industry 4,274.0

TV for sat. broadcasting：53％, Cell phone with GPS function：26％, car navigation system：11%, etc.

④User industry 3,855.9

Communication/broadcasting：65％, positioning (measurement and transport)：24％, remote sensing (geo info, weather, agriculture and forestry, fishery)：11％, etc.

(Unit: billion yen)

■

■

■

■

9 Source：Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies “Space Industry Data book 2011”

Weakening of Japan’s Space Industrial Base①

Change in sales of Space equipment industry in Japan

Change in manpower of Space equipment industry in Japan

For Space equipment industry in Japan, both scale and the industrial manpower have decreased in comparison with those at the peak time around 15 years ago.

※1 Japanese government budget includes space application budget since 2007.

※2 Manufacturer’s sales amount for yr 2011 and 2012 are estimated.

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(Space equipment industrial scale / change in industrial manpower)

(billion Yen) (Number of people)

Source：Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies “Space Industry Data book 2011”

Japan • In 2008, established “Basic Space Law”, in 2009, established “Basic Plan for Space Policy”, in 2012, founded Office of National

Space Policy, Cabinet Office and the Committee on National Space Policy. • The budget scale: 300 billion yen. • Japanese government has participated in ISS as Human spaceflight plan.

United States of America • In June, 2010, “National Space Policy” of Barack Obama administration was established. • The budget was about 4.5 trillion yen which is about 80% of the world space budget, 2.5 trillion yen for Department of Defense, and

1.5 trillion for NASA. • NASA’s Space Shuttle program formally ended in 2011 due to the budgetary constraints. Cargo supplies to the ISS will be flown by

privately-owned commercial craft.

Europe • In 2007, adopted “European Space Policy”. • Space budget is progressively increasing and is 700 billion yen including 100 billion yen related to security. • ESA joined ISS for Human spaceflight program.

Russia • In recent years, space budget increased drastically up to approximately 300 billion yen. • Soyuz is now the only manned transportation to ISS after the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle.

China • In 2011, issued “China white paper on space exploration” promoting manned moon exploration to enhance Chinese national

prestige. The budget was about 200 billion yen. • In 2020, plans to complete China’s own space station. • Pursuing an active Space diplomacy toward Africa, Central and South America, South-eastern Asia in order to acquire resources.

Current Status of Space Policy and Budget in the World

India • Already has developing and production technology of mid-scale geostationary satellites. • In 2013, India’s first astronaut’s flight by Soyuz. • Mars exploration program was approved by the cabinet. In 2013, plans to launce small probe vehicle.

Source for budget: Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc.

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Japan • Sales in Space equipment industry: 260 billion yen which is 1/15 of U.S. Four Large telecommunication satellites were sold

(Superbird-7, ST-2, Turksat-4A, and 4B) • Received a launch service order from Korean satellite for the first time (successfully launched in May, 2012) • Export: 17 billion. Employees: 7,000 people

United States of America • Emphasized the promotion of commercial procurement and domestic space industry in the national space policy of Obama

administration. (close to 100 crafts of launce order remain) • Sales in Space equipment industry; 4 trillion yen. Export: 190 billion yen. Employees: 75,000 people • Space travel, and tourism industry emerged.

Europe ・ Holds a policy to strongly support commercialization. ・ Sales in Space equipment industry: 700 billion yen. The majority of the world’s commercial launch market is shared with Russia

(Proton). Employees: 30,000 people ・Promoting commercialization by PFI and military dual-use.

Russia • Develop space business using former Soviet estate. The majority of the world’s commercial launch market is shared with Europe

(Ariane). Employees: 320,000 people • Currently, Soyuz is the only manned transportation to ISS in the world. Offers space tourism.

China • In 1990, launched US-made satellite for the first time and continues commercial launch at low cost. Employees: 230,000 people • Has developmental and production technology of large-satellites. Joined world market and has sold to outside China.

India • Emphasize on economical development by commercial application of communication/earth observation satellites. • Has many launch experiences of mid-size broadcasting/communication, earth observation satellites.

※Source：sales, export experience, number of employees: Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies “Space Industry Data book 2011” Number of Russia’s employees: Society of Japanese Aerospace Companies Number of China’s employees: JAXA “On comparison of worldwide space technology capability and present situation of space development in China” 12

Current Status of Space Industries in the World

■Sales of Space equipment industry are mainly made up by government and military in the world. ■In Japan in comparison with Europe, demand is heavily depending on sales to the government.

Space Equipment Industry Turnover by destination (2009)

Reference：market scale in the US is 4 trillion yen

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

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Demand Structure for Space Industry in the World

JAPAN(269.7 billion Yen) EUROPE (709.4 billion Yen)

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Communication Satellites

Superbird (Japan)

B-SAT （Japan）

ETS-Ⅷ （Japan）

WINDS （Japan）

DRTS （Japan）

Meridian (Russia）

©Lockheed Martin

©MELCO

出典：Boeing BSS

©NPO PM

©ＪＡＸＡ ©ＪＡＸＡ

©ＪＡＸＡ

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Earth Observation Satellites

GeoEye-1 （USA）

SPOT-5 （France）

© Astrium © GeoEye

COSMO-SkyMed （Italia）

ASNARO （Japan）

©ＪＡＸＡ

ALOS （Japan）

©MELCO ©NEC

MTSAT-2 （Japan）

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Navigation Satellites

QZSS （Japan）

GPS （USA）

Galileo （EU）

Beidou [Compass] （China）

IRNSS （India）

GLONASS （Russia）

©ＪＡＸＡ ©Lockheed Martin ©NPO PM

©Astrium ©CAST ©ISRO

(c)JAXA

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System

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QZSS Overview

Quasi-Zenith Satellite System Functional Capability:

GPS Complementary GPS Augmentation Messaging Service

Coverage: Asia and Pacific region

Signals: L1C/A, L1C, L2C and L5 L1S (L1-SAIF) on 1575.42 MHz L6b (LEX) on 1278.75MHz New Signal for Messaging Service (TBD)

First QZSS satellite MICHIBIKI: launched in September 2010

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ＧNSS

Railway Vehicle

Agriculture, Construction

Ship

Survey

Personal Navigation

Emergency Call

Private Guard Financial

Transaction Machine Control

Investigation Activity

Aviation

Application of GNSS

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QZSS Functional Capability 1

GPS Complementary

QZSS improves positioning availability time

Navigation signals sent from high elevation will improve the time percentage of positioning availability from 90 % (GPS only) to 99.8 % * (GPS + QZSS.)

* The time percentage that the position dilution of precision (PDOP) is less than 6 when a satellite whose elevation angle is 20 degrees or over is used for positioning calculation.

QZSS

GPS

× ×

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L1S (L1-SAIF) (250 bps) L6a (LEX) (2000 bps)

QZSS Functional Capability 2

GPS Augmentation

Augmentation Data Generation

GPS Earth Observation Network

QZSS Navigation Signal

Galileo GPS GLONASS

Global Monitoring Stations

QZSS improves positioning accuracy

QZSS upgrades the positioning accuracy to a sub-meter or several centimeter level.

Augmentation Data • Acquisition Support Data • Correction Data • Integrity Data

L6a (LEX) L1S (L1-SAIF) centimeter (accuracy ) sub-meter

Navigation Signal and Augmentation Data

Ground Segment

User Segment

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QZSS Functional Capability 3 Messaging Service

QZSS can send short messages

• QZSS can send short messages such as emergency warnings simultaneously to everyone with a mobile phone.

EARTHQUAKE Evacuation Instructions May 28 16:05 Go to xxxxxx

QZSS

Earthquake!

Short Message on the Augmentation Signal

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Summary • Space Development has moved into an era of space utilization

from science and technology. • Office of National Space Policy was established in July 2012 as

the headquarter function of Space Policy of Japan. • Essence of Space Policy is, 1. Expansion of utilization 2. Ensuring autonomy in access to space • Prioritization of projects • Space diplomacy and international cooperation • Creation of international market • Overall strategy • Heaven helps those who help themselves ― Changing the way of

thinking and Self-help

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