recent improvement of integrated observation systems in japan

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Recent Improvement of Integrated Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems Observation Systems in Japan in Japan WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation TECO-2010 Helsinki, Finland, 31 August 2010 Kenji AKAEDA Observations Division, Observations Department JMA

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Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan. WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation TECO-2010 Helsinki, Finland, 31 August 2010. Kenji AKAEDA Observations Division, Observations Department JMA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Recent Improvement of Integrated Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation SystemsObservation Systems in Japanin Japan

WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and EnvironmentalInstruments and Methods of Observation

TECO-2010Helsinki, Finland, 31 August 2010

Kenji AKAEDAObservations Division, Observations Department

JMA

Page 2: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Recent Disaster Distribution (1998-2004)

Severe Weather in JAPANSevere Weather in JAPAN - torrential downpour / typhoon -- torrential downpour / typhoon -

1 hour precipitationaccumulation

      Precipitation at Nagoya, 2000      

Landslide

Flood

Violent Wind

Page 3: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Overview of the Observational Systems in JMAOverview of the Observational Systems in JMA

JMAWeather forecast

AdvisoryWarning

etc.

Disaster managersTV stations

private weather associationsthe nation

Surface Observation

Upper-air   Observations

Weather Radar LightningMonitoring

MeteorologicalSatellite

GPS  Observation

Doppler Lidar

Page 4: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Observatories          156

〇 , + , 〇 AWS            1042

( 〇 rainfall, temperature, wind, sunshine 476)

( + rainfall, temperature, wind, sunshine, snowfall 210)

( 〇 rainfall   356)         

Surface Observation NetworkSurface Observation Network

Observatory

Automated Weather Station

Each stations locate in intervals of about 17km.

Center System(JMA Headquarters)every

10sec

every 10min

AWSUpgrade to observe

maximum instantaneous wind speed to monitor typhoon or gusty wind

Page 5: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

JMA Headquarters (Tokyo)

QC / QA(real-time)numeric ranges, intra-consistency

checks,to add the quality flag to the datum

AWS

Data Collection Server

GTS

Users

JMA Computer System for Meteorological Services  

Data Sharing/Storage Server

Web Serverobservations entered manually

(visibility, weather, etc)

Data statistics/archive system Data collection/processing system

data processing

data dissemination

Users (Organizations, NMHSs)

data dissemination(Publication, CD-

ROM,Internet, etc)

data archive

data statistics

SYNOPBUFR

CLIMAT

JMA users

QC /QA(non-real-time)

spatial consistency,time-series

consistency,climate range checks

Observatories Observatories(unmanned)

Public

QC / HKQC / HKQC / HK

Page 6: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Upper-air Observation NetworkUpper-air Observation Network16 (Average interval = 350km)

31 (Average interval = 110km)

Wind Profiler (31)

GPS Radiosonde (16)

Automatic Balloon Launcher  (8)

Matsue

Kushiro

6

Page 7: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Data Flow in Soundings of JMA

CONTROL CENTER( JMA HQ )

At   CONTROLCENTER

 ・ Quality control of data

 ・ Remote-controlling of ABL.

SHIONOMISAKI

WAJIMA

KUSHIRO

MINAMIDAITOJIMA

HACHIJYOUJIMAMATSUE NAZE

Ishigakijima To   JMA HQ

     ・ Sounding data  ・ Status   data

To   Sites  ・ Control command

Manned   launched   site

WAKKNAI SAPPORO AKITA TATENO FUKUOKA KAGOSHIMA CHICHIJIMA MINAMITORISIMA

DATA

DATA

Forecast Made for each models

For weather watches

For numerical weather prediction models

Data Strage

Global Telecommunication

System

WEB Contents

ABL sites

MBL sites

Page 8: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Radome type

Radome

Data flow and QC of Wind ProfilerData flow and QC of Wind Profiler

Standard type

40 N

30 N

140 E130 E

CONTROL CENTER ( JMA Headquarters )

QC at site• ground clutter removal• spectrum width check• migrating bird removal• precipitation effect removal at Center• quadric surface check• vertical shear check• manual check

every 10min

JMA is preparing WPR guidance material as IOM publication

Page 9: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Correlation of u- and v- component measurements for the wind profiler and the rawinsonde, both located at Hachijyojima in

2008.

Comparison of Rawinsonde and Wind Profiler Comparison of Rawinsonde and Wind Profiler MeasurementsMeasurements

y = 0.9627x + 0.0484R2 = 0.972

- 40

0

40

80

- 40 0 40 80UP (m/ s)

U R (m

/s)

y = 0.9757x + 0.0712R2 = 0.934

- 40

0

40

80

- 40 0 40 80VP(m/ s)

V R (m

/s) -30

0

30

-30 0 30UP U- S[m/ s]

V PV

-S[m

/s]

Differences between wind profiler and rawinsonde wind component measurements

(N=7514).

u-component: avg. -0.36m/s

std. 2.13m/sv-component: avg. -0.02m/s std. 2.06m/s

Page 10: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

10

GEONET (GPS Earth Observation NETwork)

AMeDAS (AWS)

GEONET is comprised of about 1200 GPS observation sites installed by the Geographical Survey Institute, 

Japan. The main purpose of GEONET is observing crustal movement with earthquakes.   

GPS Precipitable Water ObservationGPS Precipitable Water Observation

Page 11: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

3-hour cumulative rainfall predicted by JMA’s 5-km MSM

Impact of GPS precipitable water on NWP

Page 12: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

12

Radar Data FlowRadar Data FlowRadar Data

Control Center

Radar DataRadar Data

Radar DataRadar Data

Quality Assured 3-D Reflectivity

Data

Messocale Numerical

Model

Nationwide Radar

Composite Map

Rain gauge data by AWS

Precipitaion Nowcasting

Radar-raingauge Composite

Map Short-term Precipitation Forecasting

Every 30 minutes

up to next 1 hour

up to next 6 hours

Non-hydrostatic 5 km Model operated every 3 hours

Every 5minutesRainfall intensity

Rainfall

Quality Assured 3-D Doppler

Velocity Data

Data assimilation using 4D-VAR

Tornado Nowcasting

Straightforward extrapolation

Hazardous wind occurrence probability

up to next 1hour

Lightning Nowcasting

Lightning activity up to next 1hour

Page 13: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Sample of Lightning and Tornado Nowcast After 1h Lightning

Nowcast

After 1h Tornado Nowcast

Current Situation

Page 14: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Summary

Most of the observational systems are remotely monitored and controled by central system and whole data are gathered to the central system.QC / QA is important and JMA combines several method to keep data quality.AWS improved to output maximum instantaneous wind speed.All radiosonde systems are upgraded to GPS sonde. JMA operates 8 ABL, HGS and 8 normal radiosonde system.JMA has stably operated 31 WPR for 10 years. JMA is now preparing WPR guidance material as IOM.GPS precipitable water data are routinely used in NWP.16 radars out of 20 radars are upgraded to Doppler radar. Doppler velocity data are utilized in NWP and monitoring tornadoes. Radar data are also utilized for lightning and tornado nowcasting.

Page 15: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Thank you !

Page 16: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Surface observation dataincorporated in the upper air report

GPS satellite signal

Radiosonde signal

TEMP message

   Ascent data(PTU,Wind)

   Descent data

( PTU,Location )

Data Storage ServerQC / QA (non-real-time)

GTS

JMA Headquarters (Tokyo)

Calculate of observation

( including quality control procedures

such as gross error checks )

Radiosonde stations (16)Users

JMA  Computer System for

Meteorological Services

Data Statistics/Archive SystemQC / QA (non-real-time)

CLIMAT TEMP

A/N Report (for domestic use)

Radiosonde Data Flow

16

Page 17: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Wind Profiler in JMA 17

Example of migrating-birds echoExample of migrating-birds echoFukui

(47616)

19 NOV2002

Hei

ght (

km)

wind

Time (JST)

Time (JST)

Page 18: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

18

Wind Profiler Data FlowWind Profiler Data Flow

Horizontal and vertical components of wind and signal intensity being sent with BUFR code every 1 hour

10 minute values of Doppler velocity and signal intensity being sent every 10 minutes

Hourly analysis made with

Meso-scale model

Wind profiler data

C O S M E T S ( JMA Central Computer )

CONTROL CENTER ( JMA Headquarters )

Profiler-3

Every 1 hour Ever y 1 hour

10 minute data being sent every 1 hour

Data quality control and remote control of profilers being made

WINDAS

Profiler-2

Profiler-1 Profiler-31

Profiler-30

Forecast made with

Meso-scale model

N A P S ADESS

GTS

Page 19: Recent Improvement of Integrated Observation Systems in Japan

Nationwide Radar Composite Map

Low-Altitude reflectivityof each Radar

Quality Control

Calibration

Combining(Maximum)

NationwideRadar Echo Composite Data

Z-R Conversion(Z=200B1.6)

Calibration Factorof each Radar

Composite Processing

Radar-AMeDAS Processing