Recent Research Results on Disease and Insect Control

Thomas Turini University of California Cooperative Extension Vegetable Crops Advisor Fresno County

Presentation Overview • Beet curly top virus • Stink bug • Powdery mildew in Tomato

Presentation Overview • Beet curly top virus • Stink bug • Powdery mildew in Tomato

Beet curly top virus

• The only vector of the curly top viruses.

• Four to 5 generations in California

• Strong flier

Beet leafhopper Circulifer tenellus

• Favored by warm dry conditions • Introduced from the Middle East ~100 years ago. • Tomatoes and melons are not preferred hosts

Photo by Lori Dunning

Insecticide Treatment of Crop • Use with other management tactics • Under conditions of very high pressure,

may not provide commercially acceptable levels of control

• The objective is to reduce the number of times that a leafhopper transmits the virus

Not all pesticides mentioned in this presentation are currently registered in tomatoes. Carefully read all current labels before writing a pesticide recommendation

Insecticide Program Comparison, 2015 • University of California West Side Research and Extension Center

– Five Points • Sun 6366 processing tomato plants were transplanted on 22 May • 6 treatments were compared in 4 rep RCB design • Total plants per plot recorded on 17 Jun, BCTV symptomatic

plants were recorded 22 Jun and at 14 day intervals

Influence of Insecticide Applications on BCTV incidence, Five Points, 2015

Untreated Control Verimark 13.5 oz/A tray drench (5/21/15) Admire Pro 4 oz/A transplant water (5/22/15) Silvanto 2 fl oz directed foliar (5/22/15) Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15) Admire Pro 10.5 oz/A transplant water (5/22/15) Silvanto 2 fl oz directed foliar Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15) Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15)

Influence of Insecticide Applications on BCTV incidence, Five Points, 2015 BCTV (%)

22 Jun 1 Jul 14 Jul 28-Jul 12-Aug

Verimark 13.5 oz/A tray drench (5/21/15) 2.8 3.7 5.7 4.3 4.8

Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15) 10.4 11.8 9.7 8.6 6.7

Admire Pro 10.5 oz/A transplant water (5/22/15) 5.3 6.8 8.0 8.4 6.9

Admire Pro 4 oz/A transplant water (5/22/15) Silvanto 2 fl oz directed foliar (5/22/15) Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15)

7.8 8.1 10.3 7.5 8.1

Silvanto 2 fl oz directed foliar Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15)

11.7 12.8 11.5 9.9 9.6

Untreated Control 9.9 12.1 13.9 11.5 12.3

LSD0.05 4.29 3.18 3.87 4.66 3.58

CV (%) 35.95 22.88 26.06 36.95 29.5

At UC West Side Research and Extension Center, 6366 transplants were planted on 22 May

7 July 2015 WSREC

Untreated Admire Pro 10 oz/A tranplant water

Verimark 13.5 oz/A transplant drench

Admire Pro 6.5 oz/A drip applied 22 Jun

Influence of Insecticide Applications on yield and quality, Five Points, 2015 Yield % based on hand sort PTAB

(t/a) Red Grn Sun Rot Col Sld pH

Verimark 13.5 oz/A tray drench (5/21/15)

45.6 80.2 7.8 0.2 11.8 28.0 4.725 4.530

Admire Pro 6.5 Drip (6/22/15) 40.0 77.3 11.1 2.1 9.5 28.3 4.850 4.480

Admire Pro 10.5 oz/A transplant water (5/22/15)

42.1 77.6 12.8 1.4 8.2 27.5 4.675 4.545

Untreated Control 36.2 79.4 9.8 0.8 9.9 28.3 4.925 4.510

LSD0.05 7.7 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS

CV (%) 11.7 9.8 35.2 93.1 31.5 6.7 5.250 1.700

At UC West Side Research and Extension Center, 6366 transplants were planted on 22 May. Harvested on 11 Sep.

Beet curly top incidence

• Fewer tomato plants had BCTV symptoms in plots that were treated with Admire in the transplant water, Admire through the drip or Verimark as a tray drench.

DUPONT™ VERIMARK® INSECT CONTROL EPA Reg. No. 352-860 FOR THE SUPPRESSION OF CURLY TOP DISEASE INCIDENCE IN TOMATOES VECTORED BY BEET LEAFHOPPER IN THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA This recommendation is made as permitted under FIFRA Section 2(ee) and has not been submitted to or approved by EPA. Apply DuPont™ Verimark® insect control at 13.5 fluid ounces per acre as a transplant tray drench application. Read and follow label directions for transplant tray drench applications as described on the main label. DuPont™ Verimark® insect control impairs insect muscle function, resulting in rapid cessation of feeding and limiting the ability of insects to move, which can reduce transmission and spreading of insect vectored diseases. For best results on suppression of curly top, use Verimark® as part of a beet leafhopper control program. Read and follow the protection of pollinators section of the Section 3 label. RESTRICTIONS Do not apply a total of more than 0.4 lb ai/A of CYAZYPYR® or cyantraniliprole containing products per year. Re-entry interval is 4 hours. Last application (days to harvest) = 1 day. Copies of DuPont product labels are available by calling 1-888-6-DUPONT or at http://cropprotection.dupont.com/ © 2016 E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Chestnut Run Plaza, 974 Centre Rd., Wilmington, DE 19805 U.S.A R-1701 020416 02-10-16 Page 1 of 1 Expires 12/31/18

Presentation Overview • Beet curly top virus • Tomato spotted wilt virus • Stink bug • Powdery mildew in Tomato

Presentation Overview • Beet curly top virus • Stink bug • Powdery mildew in Tomato

Consperse Stink Bug in Fresno County

Consperse stink bug: Euschistus conspersus

Research Initiated in 2014 • Assess seasonal population

development near high population density areas.

• Evaluate pheromone bated traps as potential tools for detection

• Compare insecticides/insecticide programs in processing tomatoes

Pheromone baited traps were deployed in tomatoes and in high risk sites

Consperse Stink bug Phenology Model

53.6° F Developmental Threshold

Egg development 150 DD>54° 1st-3rd instar (small nymph) 408 DD>54° 4th – 5th instar (large nymph 386 DD>54° Adult 944 DD>54° Egg Laying* 275 DD>54° Total 1219 DD>54°

Cullen & Zalom, 2000 *Estimated

Monthly DD>54° Accumulation 30 yr 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012

Jan 18.69 48.10 45.93 105.74 30.23 63.98 Feb 77.43 *125.77 159.06 115.93 61.66 83.25 Mar 168.3 309.19 226.56 230.12 144.3 Apr 248.14 301.15 333.14 337.5 259.62 May 427.48 407.29 544.03 462.62 473.45 June 590 702.50 642.8 654.1 584.95 July 803.9 773.40 839.4 824.4 785.4 Aug 767.4 770.40 786.9 732.93 838.4 Sept 595.5 640.01 664.1 560.27 692.56 Oct 352.57 452.16 440.78 309.75 385.24 Nov 112.99 92.85 149.28 154.88 153.93 Dec 14.24 35.79 55.07 48.83 41.12

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/calludt.cgi/DDMODEL?MODEL=CSB&CROP=tomatoes

Modified from Goodell, 2014

FIVE_PTS.A (CIMIS #2, Five Points/WSFS USDA)

* Degree days listed are from 1 to 27 Feb 2016

Insecticide Trials 2014-15 Location : West Side Research and Extension Center – Fresno County Plot size : single 60 inch bed x 75 ft Untreated buffer between each treated row Experimental design : 4 Replication Randomized Complete Block Plant Dates: 5/21/2014 and 5/15/2015 Variety: H5608

Application details: CO2-powered backpack sprayer 50 gallons per acre 35 psi 3 Teejet 8004 EVS 19-in spacing 8 and 29 Aug 2014 18, 28 Jul, and 18 Aug 2015

Insecticide Trial Evaluations 2014-15

In-season: Three evaluations of fruit damage and stink bug counts of 4 feet under one side of canopy.

At harvest: Harvest: 20 ft weigh all fruit Hand sort of 30 to 35 lbs of fruit Lab analysis of 50 red fruit PTAB

Insecticides with Activity against Stink Bug > 80% control (adults and

nymphs)

Beta cyfluthrin Baythroid Permethrin Ambush, Pounce and others Lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam

Warrior II + Actara

Bifenthrin Brigade, Bifenture, Capture, and others Dimethoate Dimethoate Dinotefuron Venom > 60% control (adults and nymphs) Beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid

Leverage

Lambda-cyhalothrin Warrior II Thiamethoxam Actara Clothianidin Belay Methomyl Lannate < 50% control of adults and > 80% control of nymphs S-cypermethrin Hero, Mustang Max

Modified from Zalom

Fruit quality (%)

Treatment yield (t/a) reds greens sunburn rot

stink bug

Venom 70 SG 4 oz 39.24 60.83 12.44 10.01 9.99 6.72 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz trap 40.82 73.46 5.31 4.25 9.52 7.47 Thionex 1 1/3 qts 45.80 74.35 6.54 4.34 5.33 9.41 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 40.84 55.88 10.09 9.83 13.86 10.34 Danitol 10.67 oz 37.40 66.04 9.84 4.92 8.49 10.71 Belay 4 oz + Warrior II 1.92 oz 41.80 69.46 5.76 5.36 7.36 12.05 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 37.22 59.62 15.77 4.45 7.29 12.87 Torac 21.0 fl oz 41.09 50.05 7.78 13.06 10.66 18.44 Warrior II 1.92 oz 37.00 60.67 8.72 5.73 6.41 18.48 Lannate SP 1 lb Asana 9.6 fl oz 47.52 58.43 14.55 2.46 6.00 18.56 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts trap1 45.75 46.33 10.55 11.54 10.69 20.89 Endigo ZCX 4.5 fl oz 41.79 57.33 7.84 4.94 8.47 21.44 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts 37.70 53.13 8.12 2.79 9.26 26.70 Dimethoate 1 pt 40.84 47.82 6.60 11.83 6.62 27.13 Untreated 38.91 52.84 7.02 7.46 7.30 25.38 LSD (P=0.05)s 8.440 15.935 7.305 8.425 6.346 12.357 CV (%) 14.33 18.89 56.04 85.95 52.37 52.64

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2014

Unless otherwise specified all applications were made on 8 and 29 Aug. Treatments followed by ‘trap’ were applied on 18 Jul after 1st capture. Assana was applied on 15 Aug in addition to the Lannate applications on 8 and 29 Aug, H5608 planted 21 May and harvested 15-17 Sep.

Fruit quality (%)

Treatment yield (t/a) reds greens sunburn rot

stink bug

Venom 70 SG 4 oz 39.24 60.83 12.44 10.01 9.99 6.72 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz trap 40.82 73.46 5.31 4.25 9.52 7.47 Thionex 1 1/3 qts 45.80 74.35 6.54 4.34 5.33 9.41 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 40.84 55.88 10.09 9.83 13.86 10.34 Danitol 10.67 oz 37.40 66.04 9.84 4.92 8.49 10.71 Belay 4 oz + Warrior II 1.92 oz 41.80 69.46 5.76 5.36 7.36 12.05 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 37.22 59.62 15.77 4.45 7.29 12.87 Torac 21.0 fl oz 41.09 50.05 7.78 13.06 10.66 18.44 Warrior II 1.92 oz 37.00 60.67 8.72 5.73 6.41 18.48 Lannate SP 1 lb Asana 9.6 fl oz 47.52 58.43 14.55 2.46 6.00 18.56 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts trap1 45.75 46.33 10.55 11.54 10.69 20.89 Endigo ZCX 4.5 fl oz 41.79 57.33 7.84 4.94 8.47 21.44 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts 37.70 53.13 8.12 2.79 9.26 26.70 Dimethoate 1 pt 40.84 47.82 6.60 11.83 6.62 27.13 Untreated 38.91 52.84 7.02 7.46 7.30 25.38 LSD (P=0.05)s 8.440 15.935 7.305 8.425 6.346 12.357 CV (%) 14.33 18.89 56.04 85.95 52.37 52.64

Unless otherwise specified all applications were made on 8 and 29 Aug. Treatments followed by ‘trap’ were applied on 18 Jul after 1st capture. Assana was applied on 15 Aug in addition to the Lannate applications on 8 and 29 Aug, H5608 planted 21 May and harvested 15-17 Sep.

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2014

Fruit quality (%)

Treatment yield (t/a) reds greens sunburn rot

stink bug

Venom 70 SG 4 oz 39.24 60.83 12.44 10.01 9.99 6.72 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz trap 40.82 73.46 5.31 4.25 9.52 7.47 Thionex 1 1/3 qts 45.80 74.35 6.54 4.34 5.33 9.41 Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 40.84 55.88 10.09 9.83 13.86 10.34 Danitol 10.67 oz 37.40 66.04 9.84 4.92 8.49 10.71 Belay 4 oz + Warrior II 1.92 oz 41.80 69.46 5.76 5.36 7.36 12.05 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 37.22 59.62 15.77 4.45 7.29 12.87 Torac 21.0 fl oz 41.09 50.05 7.78 13.06 10.66 18.44 Warrior II 1.92 oz 37.00 60.67 8.72 5.73 6.41 18.48 Lannate SP 1 lb Asana 9.6 fl oz 47.52 58.43 14.55 2.46 6.00 18.56 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts trap1 45.75 46.33 10.55 11.54 10.69 20.89 Endigo ZCX 4.5 fl oz 41.79 57.33 7.84 4.94 8.47 21.44 Dibrom 8E 1.0 pts 37.70 53.13 8.12 2.79 9.26 26.70 Dimethoate 1 pt 40.84 47.82 6.60 11.83 6.62 27.13 Untreated 38.91 52.84 7.02 7.46 7.30 25.38 LSD (P=0.05)s 8.440 15.935 7.305 8.425 6.346 12.357 CV (%) 14.33 18.89 56.04 85.95 52.37 52.64

Stin

k bu

g ef

ficac

y, y

ield

and

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lity

2014

Unless otherwise specified all applications were made on 8 and 29 Aug. Treatments followed by ‘trap’ were applied on 18 Jul after 1st capture. Assana was applied on 15 Aug in addition to the Lannate applications on 8 and 29 Aug, H5608 planted 21 May and harvested 15-17 Sep.

Materials Tested, 2015 Trade name of material tested (common name-IRAC mode of action number) Dimethoate 4EL 1.0 pts (dimethoate – 1B) + Leverage 2.7 3.75 fl oz (cyfluthrin + imidicloprid – 3A + 4A) Warrior II 1.92 fl oz (Lambda cyhalothrin – 3A) Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz (lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam – 3A + 4A) Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz (cyfluthrin + imidicloprid – 3A + 4A) Warrior II 1.92 oz (lambda-cyhalothrin – 3A) + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 fl oz (flonicamid – 9C) Danitol 10.67 oz (fenpropathrin -3A) + Knack 8.0 fl oz (pyriproxyfen – 7C) Warrior II 1.92 oz (lambda-cyhalothrin – 3A) + Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 fl oz (novaluron - 15) Belay 4 oz (clothanidin – 4A) + Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz (flonicamid – 9C) Venom 70 SG 4 oz (dinotefuran – 4A) Sequoia 4.5 fl oz (sulfoxaflor – 4C) Silvanto 14 fl oz (flupyradifurone – 4D) Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz (flonicamid – 9C) Torac 21.0 fl oz (tolfenpyrad – 21A) Exirel 20.5 fl oz (cyantranilaprole – 28) Untreated

Influence of Insecticide Treatments on Yield and Quality, 2015 Fruit quality (%)z

Treatmentx yield (t/a)w reds greens

Sun burn rot

stink bug

Warrior II 1.92 oz + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 fl oz 56.51 67.41 8.43 2.01 2.95 21.16 Warrior II 1.92 fl oz 51.11 64.59 6.23 3.41 3.45 22.33 Warrior II 1.92 oz + Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 fl oz 60.75 69.71 6.86 0.62 2.14 24.62 Danitol 10.67 oz + Knack 8.0 fl oz 54.01 66.15 5.67 1.85 1.25 25.08 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 53.91 60.57 6.94 1.54 3.85 27.10 Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 53.37 61.48 7.93 1.85 0.88 27.86 Sequoia 4.5 fl oz 59.68 61.94 5.00 1.53 3.40 28.13 Dimethoate 4EL 1.0 pts + Leverage 2.7 3.75 fl oz

53.80 62.96 5.69 1.67 1.82 31.65

Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 53.22 57.88 4.83 2.33 2.31 32.64 Silvanto 14 fl oz 48.80 53.47 3.86 2.93 5.96 33.78 Exirel 20.5 fl oz 60.67 51.58 7.37 3.19 2.66 35.20 Belay 4 oz + Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 54.24 50.59 7.17 2.65 3.48 36.11 Torac 21.0 fl oz 54.42 55.85 5.51 2.40 1.34 36.74 Venom 70 SG 4 oz 53.62 49.44 6.10 2.10 2.99 39.38 Untreated 53.62 49.87 6.32 2.70 5.59 35.52 LSD (P=0.05)u 9.967 15.935 3.265 1.950 3.412 19.197 CV (%) 12.61 18.89 36.55 62.50 87.01 44.13

Influence of Insecticide Treatments on Yield and Quality, 2015 Fruit quality (%)z

Treatmentx yield (t/a)w reds greens

Sun burn rot

stink bug

Warrior II 1.92 oz + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 fl oz 56.51 67.41 8.43 2.01 2.95 21.16 Warrior II 1.92 fl oz 51.11 64.59 6.23 3.41 3.45 22.33 Warrior II 1.92 oz + Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 fl oz 60.75 69.71 6.86 0.62 2.14 24.62 Danitol 10.67 oz + Knack 8.0 fl oz 54.01 66.15 5.67 1.85 1.25 25.08 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 53.91 60.57 6.94 1.54 3.85 27.10 Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 53.37 61.48 7.93 1.85 0.88 27.86 Sequoia 4.5 fl oz 59.68 61.94 5.00 1.53 3.40 28.13 Dimethoate 4EL 1.0 pts + Leverage 2.7 3.75 fl oz

53.80 62.96 5.69 1.67 1.82 31.65

Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 53.22 57.88 4.83 2.33 2.31 32.64 Silvanto 14 fl oz 48.80 53.47 3.86 2.93 5.96 33.78 Exirel 20.5 fl oz 60.67 51.58 7.37 3.19 2.66 35.20 Belay 4 oz + Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 54.24 50.59 7.17 2.65 3.48 36.11 Torac 21.0 fl oz 54.42 55.85 5.51 2.40 1.34 36.74 Venom 70 SG 4 oz 53.62 49.44 6.10 2.10 2.99 39.38 Untreated 53.62 49.87 6.32 2.70 5.59 35.52 LSD (P=0.05)u 9.967 15.935 3.265 1.950 3.412 19.197 CV (%) 12.61 18.89 36.55 62.50 87.01 44.13

Influence of Insecticide Treatments on Yield and Quality, 2015 Fruit quality (%)z

Treatmentx yield (t/a)w reds greens

Sun burn rot

stink bug

Warrior II 1.92 oz + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 fl oz 56.51 67.41 8.43 2.01 2.95 21.16 Warrior II 1.92 fl oz 51.11 64.59 6.23 3.41 3.45 22.33 Warrior II 1.92 oz + Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 fl oz 60.75 69.71 6.86 0.62 2.14 24.62 Danitol 10.67 oz + Knack 8.0 fl oz 54.01 66.15 5.67 1.85 1.25 25.08 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 53.91 60.57 6.94 1.54 3.85 27.10 Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 53.37 61.48 7.93 1.85 0.88 27.86 Sequoia 4.5 fl oz 59.68 61.94 5.00 1.53 3.40 28.13 Dimethoate 4EL 1.0 pts + Leverage 2.7 3.75 fl oz

53.80 62.96 5.69 1.67 1.82 31.65

Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 53.22 57.88 4.83 2.33 2.31 32.64 Silvanto 14 fl oz 48.80 53.47 3.86 2.93 5.96 33.78 Exirel 20.5 fl oz 60.67 51.58 7.37 3.19 2.66 35.20 Belay 4 oz + Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 54.24 50.59 7.17 2.65 3.48 36.11 Torac 21.0 fl oz 54.42 55.85 5.51 2.40 1.34 36.74 Venom 70 SG 4 oz 53.62 49.44 6.10 2.10 2.99 39.38 Untreated 53.62 49.87 6.32 2.70 5.59 35.52 LSD (P=0.05)u 9.967 15.935 3.265 1.950 3.412 19.197 CV (%) 12.61 18.89 36.55 62.50 87.01 44.13

Paired comparisons lambda cyhalothrin containing treatments vs. those without: P=0.025

Influence of Insecticide Treatments on Yield and Quality, 2015 Fruit quality (%)z

Treatmentx yield (t/a)w reds greens

Sun burn rot

stink bug

Warrior II 1.92 oz + Beleaf 50SG 2.8 fl oz 56.51 67.41 8.43 2.01 2.95 21.16 Warrior II 1.92 fl oz 51.11 64.59 6.23 3.41 3.45 22.33 Warrior II 1.92 oz + Rimon 0.83EC 12.0 fl oz 60.75 69.71 6.86 0.62 2.14 24.62 Danitol 10.67 oz + Knack 8.0 fl oz 54.01 66.15 5.67 1.85 1.25 25.08 Endigo CX 4.5 fl oz 53.91 60.57 6.94 1.54 3.85 27.10 Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 53.37 61.48 7.93 1.85 0.88 27.86 Sequoia 4.5 fl oz 59.68 61.94 5.00 1.53 3.40 28.13 Dimethoate 4EL 1.0 pts + Leverage 2.7 3.75 fl oz

53.80 62.96 5.69 1.67 1.82 31.65

Leverage 2.7 3.75 oz 53.22 57.88 4.83 2.33 2.31 32.64 Silvanto 14 fl oz 48.80 53.47 3.86 2.93 5.96 33.78 Exirel 20.5 fl oz 60.67 51.58 7.37 3.19 2.66 35.20 Belay 4 oz + Beleaf 50SG 4.28 fl oz 54.24 50.59 7.17 2.65 3.48 36.11 Torac 21.0 fl oz 54.42 55.85 5.51 2.40 1.34 36.74 Venom 70 SG 4 oz 53.62 49.44 6.10 2.10 2.99 39.38 Untreated 53.62 49.87 6.32 2.70 5.59 35.52 LSD (P=0.05)u 9.967 15.935 3.265 1.950 3.412 19.197 CV (%) 12.61 18.89 36.55 62.50 87.01 44.13

Stink bug management • Pheromone baited traps may help

in early detection of Consperse stink bug

• Few insecticides show efficacy: pyrethroid (2014 &15) and neonicotinoid insecticides (2014)

Presentation Overview • Beet curly top virus • Stink bug • Powdery mildew in Tomato

Tomato Powdery Mildew Leveillula taurica

(Oidiopsis sicula)

FRAC Code

Group Name Trade Names (common names) Resistance Potential

1 Methyl Benzimidazole Carbamates

Topsin (thiophanate-methyl) High

3 DeMethylation Inhibitors (DMI) Mettle (tetraconazole), Procure (triflumizole), Rally (myclobutanil)

Medium

7 Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)

Endura (boscalid) Fontelis (penthiopyrad)

Medium

11 Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI) or Strobilurins

Cabrio (pyraclostrobin), Flint (trifloxystrobin), Quadris (azoxystrobin), Sovran (kresoxy methyl)

High

13 Quinolines Quintec (quinoxyfen) Medium

F6 Microbial (Bacillus spp.) Sonata (Bacillus pumilus (QST 2808)) Low

M2 Inorganic – Sulfur Various Low

M5 Chloronitriles (pthalonitriles) Various (chlorothanlonil) Low

U6 Phenylacetamid Torino (cyflufenamid) Manage resistance

Powdery Mildew Fungicides

FRAC Codes

Group Name Trade Names (common names) Resistance Potential

11 and 7

Quinone outside Inhibitors (QoI) + Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI)

Merivon and Priaxor (pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad), Luna Sensation (trifloxystrobin + fluopyram), Pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid)

High + Medium

11 and 3

QoI + DeMethylation Inhibitors (DMI)

Quadris Top (azoxystrobin + difenoconazole)

High + Medium

3 and 40

DMI + carboxilic acid amides

Revus Top (difenoconazole + mandipropamid)

Medium + Low to Med

3 and 9

DMI + Anilo-Pyrimidines

Inspire Super (difenoconazole + cyprodinil)

Medium + Med

Powdery mildew fungicides– (pre-mixed formulations)

Fungicide Comparison2015

Treatments (1) = 7 Aug, (2) = 19 Aug and (3) = 31 Aug

Disease severity rating (0-10)y

12 Aug 21 Sep 27 Sep 5 Sep Quadris Top 8 fl oz 0.17 0.19 cd 0.28 d 0.82 d Quintec 12 fl oz 0.52 0.44 bcd 0.61 cd 0.90 d Quintec 4 fl oz (1) Aprovia Top 13.5 fl oz (2)

0.42 0.61 bcd 0.72 cd 0.95 d

Priaxor ( BAS 7032) 6 fl oz 0.23 0.35 cd 0.64 cd 1.09 cd Quintec 6 fl oz 0.36 0.79 bcd 0.92 bcd 1.17 cd Quintec 4 fl oz 0.55 0.70 bcd 0.84 bcd 1.19 cd Priaxor ( BAS 7032) 8 fl oz 0.24 0.17 d 0.55 cd 1.41 cd Fontelis 20 floz/ac + Microthiol Disperss 2.5 lb (1,3), Quadris Top 8.0 fl oz (2)

0.39 0.72 bcd 0.63 cd 1.47 cd

Luna Sensation 7 fl oz 0.35 0.61 bcd 0.59 cd 1.65 cd Luna Sensation 5 fl oz 0.40 0.49 bcd 0.61 cd 1.92 cd Mettle 6.5 fl oz 0.28 0.61 bcd 1.44 bc 2.08 bcd Mettle 8.0 fl oz 0.36 0.54 bcd 1.25 bcd 2.21 bcd Fontelis 20 floz/ac + Microthiol Disperss 2.5 lb (1,3)Quintec 6.0 flo oz (2)

0.44 1.62 a 1.50 bc 2.22 bcd

Aprovia Top 13.5 fl oz 0.57 0.57 ab 1.05 bcd 2.56 bc Mettle 5.0 fl oz 0.49 0.89 bc 1.91 b 3.55 b Untreated Control 0.63 1.74 ab 3.26 a 5.55 a

Fungicide Comparison2013

Treatments 25 Jul, 5, 16 and 30 Aug Disease severity rating (0-10)y

14 Aug 3 Sep 13 Sep Quintec 4 fl oz 0.78 1.53 3.70 Quintec 12 fl oz 0.73 1.48 3.78 Quintec 6 fl oz 0.75 0.85 4.03 Priaxor 6 fl oz 0.78 2.15 4.18 Priaxor 8 fl oz 0.38 1.95 4.20 Quadris Top 8 fl oz 0.38 1.38 4.50 Luna Sensation 4 fl oz + Sonata 2.0 qts (1), Sonata 3qts (2) Luna Sensation 4.0 oz+ Sonata 2.0 qts (3), Sonata 3 qts (4)x

0.75 1.98 4.55

A13703N 8 fl oz 0.43 1.88 4.58 Luna Sensation 5 fl oz (1,3) 0.80 1.70 4.65 A19334A 8.5 fl oz 1.00 2.03 4.71 Quadris Top 8 fl oz (1,3) 0.77 2.80 4.80 A19334A 13 fl oz 0.60 1.68 5.18 Fontelis 1.67SC 1.0 pt (1,3) Quadris Top 8 fl oz (2,4) 1.05 2.40 5.30 Quadris Top 8 fl oz (1), Taegro 5.2 oz (2), Quadris Top 8 fl oz + Taegro 5.2 oz (3), Taegro 5.2 oz (4)

0.73 2.75 5.33

Luna Sensation 5 fl oz (1), Sonata 3qts (2) Luna Sensation 4.0 oz+ Sonata 2.0 qts (3), Sonata 3 qts (4)

0.88 3.08 5.40

Vivando ( BAS 56003) 15 fl oz 1.18 4.05 5.70 Gem 3 oz (1), Sonata 3 qts (2), Gem 2 oz+Sonata 2qts (3),Sonata 3qts (4)

1.00 3.23 5.93

Untreated Control 1.83 6.28 7.10 LSD0.05

w 0.408 1.053 1.395 CV (%) 34.98 30.96 20.20

2012, Comparison of Conventional Fungicides

Treatments (24 Jul, 3 and 14 and 30 Aug) Disease severity rating

(0-10)y 6 Sep Quintec 12 fl oz 0.10 Quintec 6 fl oz 0.33 Quintec 4 fl oz 0.48 Fontelis 1.67SC 1.0 pt/acre (1,3) Quadris Top 8 fl oz + NIS 0.25% v/v (2,4)

0.75

Quadris Top 8 fl oz 1.03 Luna Sensation 5 fl oz 1.45 Torino 3.4 fl oz 1.50 Picoxy 2.08 SC 24 fl oz 1.55 Picoxy 2.08 SC 12 fl oz 1.63 BAS 700 04F 4.5 fl oz/acre + NIS 0.062% 2.08 Mettle at 8 fl oz 2.60 Priaxor 8 fl oz +NIS 0.062% 2.65 Mettle at 4 fl oz 2.70 Torino NO SURFACTANT 2.85 Mettle at 6 fl oz 2.88 Untreated Control 5.25 LSD0.05

x 1.31 CV (%) 49.30

Treatments Rating (0-10) 15 Aug 22 Aug Luna Sensation 7 fl oz 2.05 0.53 Priaxor at 8 oz/A 2.40 1.50 Quadris Top 8 fl oz 1.38 1.58 A18126B 5.0 oz 2.75 1.65 Luna Sensation 7 fl oz (1) Sonata 2 qts (2) 1.68 2.00 A19334A 13.5 fl oz 2.45 2.08 Fontelis SC 1 pt (1), Quadris Top 8 fl oz (2) 3.55 2.28 Fontelis SC 1.5 pt (1), Quadris Top 8 fl oz (2) 3.35 2.30 Quadris Top 8 fl oz (1), Taegro 5.2 oz (2) 2.50 2.60 Vivando at 15 oz/A + Sylgard 309 6 oz/A 3.03 2.70 A19334A 10.5 fl oz 2.80 2.90 Quintec at 12 fl oz 3.63 3.40 Quintec at 6 fl oz 3.73 3.50 Quintec at 4 fl oz 2.88 3.60 Untreated 4.55 4.13 LSD (p=0.05) 1.561 1.984

2014

Powdery mildew fungicides

• Rotate fungicides with different modes of action

Powdery mildew fungicides • Sulfur dust (or wettable sulfur) • Quadris Top (3 + 11) • Quadris (11), Cabrio (11) • Biofungicides (Sonata, Regalia, Taegro & others) • Rally (3) • Priaxor (7 + 11) • Fontelis (7) • Vivando (U8) • Quintec (13) • Luna Sensation (7 +11) • Torino (U6) Not registered • Mettle, Rhyme (3)

Acknowledgements • California Tomato Research Institute • Daniel Delgado • Pete Goodell • Frank Zalom • Les Ehler • Robert Gilbertson • Ozgur Batuman • Neil McRoberts • UC WSREC staff • California Department of Food and Agriculture • Growers and Ag consultants in Fresno and Kings Counties

Questions Tom Turini UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno County taturini@ucanr.edu 559-375-3147