recent star results and prospects of w +/- boson production in polarized p+p collisions at rhic
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Recent STAR results and prospects of W +/- boson production in polarized p+p collisions at RHIC. Joe Seele (MIT) for the Collaboration SPIN 2010. The Spin Puzzle. Its decomposition is not well understood, especially the sea… needs data. The proton is viewed as being a “bag” of - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 1
Recent STAR results and prospects of W+/- boson production in polarized p+p collisions at RHIC
Joe Seele (MIT) for the Collaboration
SPIN 2010
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 2
The Spin Puzzle
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1
2=
1
2ΔΣ + Lq
z + ΔG + Lgz
Fairly well measured only ~30% of spin
The proton is viewed as being a “bag” of bound quarks and gluons interacting via QCD
Spins + orbital angular momentum needto give the observed spin 1/2 of proton
Being measuredat RHIC
€
ΔΣ= (Δu + Δd + Δs + Δu + Δd + Δs +L )dx∫
Its decomposition is not well understood, especially the sea… needs data
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 3
Flavor Asymmetry in the Sea
• Pauli blocking should contribute to the observed signal, but how much is currently debated • Non-perturbative processes may be needed in generating the sea
• E866 results are qualitatively consistent with pion cloud models, instanton models, chiral quark soliton models, etc.
arXiv:0904.3821
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 4
Probing the Sea through Ws
• Detect Ws through e+
and e- decay channels• V-A coupling leads to perfect spin separation• Neutrino helicity gives preferred direction in decay
Measure parity violating single helicity asymmetry AL
(Helicity flip in one beam while averaging over the other)
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u + d → W + → e+ + ν
€
u + d → W − → e− + ν
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ALW +
∝−Δu(x1)d (x2) + Δd (x1)u(x2)
€
ALW − ∝−Δd(x1)u (x2) + Δu (x1)d(x2)
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 5
RHIC and STAR
A polarized proton-proton collider to study spin in QCD up to sqrt(s)=500 GeV
TPC(time projection
chamber)
BEMC(barrel)
EEMC(endcap)
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 6
W Algo: MotivationWhat we want to accept
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
What we want to reject
Look for the electron-type events with no energy/momentum on the away side
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 7
W Algo: Lepton Isolation
TPC track extrapolated
to BTOW tower grid
4x4
2x2
Lepton Isolation Cuts:•Require TPC track with pT > 10 GeV•Extrapolate track to Barrel Calorimeter•Require highest 2x2 cluster around pointed tower sum ET
> 15 GeV•Require excess ET in 4x4 cluster < 5% •Match track to 2x2 cluster position•Get charge sign of lepton
Signalregion
Jets
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 8
W Algo: Suppress QCD Background
Suppress jets with leading hadron•Near side jet-cone veto
Suppress di-jets and multi-jet events
•Away side pT sum veto•Require an imbalance in pT of the lepton cluster and any jets reconstructed outside the near side jet cone
Cluster ET / 0.7 Cone ET
Signalregion
Jets
Signal
Dijets
electron
nearConedelR=0.7
ptBalance 4pi -
nearCone
sum only jets
Transverse plane view
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 9
The Raw Signal
STAR recorded 13.7pb-1 in the run9 500 GeV running period
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 10
Extracting the W Signal
ee
W
νντντ
τ
τ
++→+→
MC Normalized to L=13.7 pb-
1
PYTHIA+GEANT MC
50
Run 9 Data Missing Endcap Vetoed QCD Background
1. Run analysis with EEMC in veto cuts
2. Run analysis without EEMC in veto cuts
3. Subtract two raw signals
50
Normalized at ET<19 GeV Data Driven QCD Bkgd.
Signal
Dijets
50
EMC Cluster ET (GeV)
Total Background
EMC Cluster ET (GeV)
70
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 11
STAR W Signals
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 12
Data/MC Shape Comparison
Monte-Carlo is full PYTHIA+GEANT simulation of W→e+ν events at 500 GeV
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 13
First STAR W Cross Section
pb lumi.)( 14)syst.( )stat.( 361 1013 ±±= +−+→ ++ νσ
eW
pb )lumi.( 4 )syst.( )stat.( 217 34 ±±= +
−+→ −− νσeW
Run 9 STAR Preliminary (p+p 500 GeV)
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 14
First STAR W AL
Then spin sorting, we calculate the AL
STAR Run 9 Result
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AL (W +) = −0.27 ± 0.10(stat) ± 0.02(syst)
AL (W −) = 0.14 ± 0.19(stat) ± 0.02(syst)
Newly released at arXiv:1009.0326
Lepton pseudorapidity
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 15
Future W AL Measurements
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 16
Future Ws at mid-rapidity
STAR has shown the capability to detect the W at mid-rapidity.
With the expected 300pb-1 for the 500 GeV program STAR will provide strong constraints on the polarized sea pdfs using the mid-rapidity data
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 17
Future Ws at forward rapidityAt forward/backward rapidity the ALs become more sensitive to a single quark flavor
The expected uncertainties for the 500 GeV program are shown to the right for the endcap acceptance
Measurements rely on the planned Forward GEM Tracker upgrade
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ALW +(y l >> 0)
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ALW +(y l << 0)
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ALW −(y l >> 0)
€
ALW −(y l << 0)
€
1< η < 2
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 18
Conclusions
• Measurements of the W in polarized p+p collisions provide needed information about the polarized sea in the proton.
• STAR has shown a first measurement of the cross section and single helicity asymmetry of the W signal in polarized p+p collisions at sqrt(s)=500 GeV which agree with expectations.
• Planned STAR measurements will provide strong constraints on the polarized sea of the proton.
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 19
Backup Slides
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 20
2009 500 GeV Data Set
STAR recorded 13.7pb-1 in the 500 GeV running period
Required a high tower trigger (ET > 7.3 GeV) and a high ET 2x2 clusters (ET > 13 GeV)
leptons from Wsshould appear here
7.3 GeV
13 GeV
EMC tower ADC
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 21
LO interpretation for x1=x2
STAR Barrel EMC
Predictions for AL
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 22
Charge Separation at High pT
+/- distance D ~ 1/PT
PT=5 GeV/c : D~15 cm
PT=40 GeV/c : D ~2 cm
shownelectron & positron
PT= 5 GeV/c
infinite PT
vertex
200 cm of tracking
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 23
Event Rejection
Run 9 Data Pythia+Geant W+ MC
Track pT > 10 GeV
Lepton Isolation Cut
Near Side pT VetoAway Side pT & ptBalance VetoWs
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 24
Example Lego Plots
W event
Dijet event
π π
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 25
Cross Section Formula
( )
GeV 25 and 1 : Acceptance Kinematic
11112
><
−== ∫ ∫ →
eTe
backobsW
recovertextrigeT
eeWee
TW
E
NNLdEd
dddE
η
εεεη
σησ ν
Efficiencies Calculated from full PYTHIA + GEANT simulations
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 26
Cross Section Uncertainties
• W Reconstruction Systematic– Track Reconstruction: 15-20%– Vertex Reconstruction: 4%– Energy Scale: < 1%
• Normalization/Luminosity Systematic– Vernier scan absolute cross section: 23%
• Background Systematic– Vary data driven QCD background shape and normalization region
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 27
+ helicity - helicity
STAR sees 4 helicity statesSTAR runs 4 parallel measurements
Helicity of beams at STAR
RHIC measured polarizationRun 9 @ 2x250 GeVPol yellow 0.40Pol blue 0.38syst. pol (blue+yellow)=9.2%
Blue helicity: - - + + ...Yellow
helicity: +
- + - ...
R
R
R
R
spin rotator
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 28
Monitor spin dependent luminosity
2x2
4x4
relative luminosities of 4 states monitored
to ~1%TPC track extrapolated
to BTOW tower grid
B - Y -
B - Y +
B + Y -
B + Y +
helicities of beams colliding at STAR
Counts
Wspi0’s
jets
relative luminosity monitorC
ount
s
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 29
negative helicity
unpolarized
negative ALPstatistically
significant
W+ yield integrated over |eta|<1
Null testpassed
Counts
B - Y
- B - Y
+ B + Y
- B + Y
+
Up quark pol. seen by “naked eye”
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 30
Spin dependent xsec for long. Pol.
P-V AL( the goal ) ALL
AN x residual transverse pol
Q
neglected because STAR is phi-symmetric
yields integrated over |eta|<1
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 31
Long. spin asymmetries for Ws
AL
ALL
Null test
STAR has measured 4 independent yields for the physics process
selected 3 asymmetries are independent ( 6 were investigated)
yields integrated over |eta|<1
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 32
6 measured spin asymmetries for Ws
P-V AL
Null test
W+
P-V AL
ALL
Null test
W-
ALL
Physics asymmetries corrected for unpolarized background
J. Seele (MIT) for the STAR Collaboration - SPIN 2010 33
Systematic errors for ALFull list of accounted systematic
errors in Run 9
W+ W - high low high low 0.092 0.092 0.092 0.092 CNI average
polarization of both beams (P1+P2)
0.070 0.020 0.130 0.030 QCD unpolarized background
0.065 0.065 0.135 0.135 QCD pol. bckg. ~0: use 1/2 stat error of this test
0.004 0.000 0.004 0.000 decay of pol. within fill
0.13 0.11 0.21 0.17 total syst. in fraction of measured AL
Following effects were considered and their contribution set to zero
* dilution of AL due to swap of W+/W- charge - the Q/PT cut prevents it
*
*