13/11/2014SMART GRID TECHNOLOGY DEPT.ECE SDMIT

RECENT TRENDS IN MICRO GRIDS

14331D5603

Presentation Outlines• Introduction • Indian energy scenerio: 2015• Major incidents and motivation for micro grid • What is micro grid?• Basic architecture of micro grid • Classification of smart grid• Micro Grid operation modes• Importance and benefits• Challenges in micro grids• Smart grid priorities in India• Existing hybrid grid ventures in India and in world• Relevance of Smart Grid in India • Smart grid mission and vision for India • Conclusion

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IntroductionWith the ever increasing demand for energy, oil reserves are being depleted. The wide-

scale exploitation of the limited conventional fuel reserves has also lead to several

environmental threats like climate change, global warming, depletion of ozone layer,

increase in green-house gas (GHG) emission levels, etc.

SLIDE 1

INDIAN ENERGY SCENERIOS: 2015ENERGY CONSUMPTION: RENEWABLE ENERGY

CONSUMPTION:

• Reduction in annual coal consumption by ~100 Million Tons• Reduction in annual emmision by >170 Million Tons

MAJOR INCIDENTS :30-31st july 2012 power black out

MICROGRID • A MICROGRID is a group of

interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid.

• If desired a microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.

BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF MICRO GRID

• Group of radial feeders• Point of coupling(pcc)• Micro Grid central

controller (MGCC)• Power electronic-interface-

e.g. rectifier, Inverters. • Circuit breaker /protection

equipment • storage• Critical and non critical

loads

CLASSIFICATION OF MICROGRIDS.

i) Common DC bus ii) Common AC bus• PFAC• HFACiii) Hybrid coupled bus

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• Common DC Bus Configuration Allows all the energy sources to be connected to a common

DC Bus. Can be connected directly to the DC Bus. The supervisory control for such systems needs to have a

fast dynamic response . Drawback: Failure of inverter

SLIDE 8Fig.6.Common DC bus

• Common AC Bus Configuration(i) PFAC All sources can either be connected to the PFAC bus directly or through their respective power conditioning unit. This arrangement is more reliable as any malfunctioning energy sources can be isolated from the rest of the system without impacting any of the other energy resources.

SLIDE 9

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Fig.7. PFAC

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(ii) HFAC Energy sources can be connected either directly or through

their respective power conditioning unit. Have higher overall efficiency. Higher order harmonics can be easily filtered at higher

frequencies. Reduction in the physical size and weight of harmonic filters.

SLIDE 10

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• Hybrid coupled system configuration More flexible and modular design . Diverse energy sources can be connected to either a DC bus

directly or through a power conditioning unit if necessary and also to a PFAC bus directly.

SLIDE 12

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Microgrid Operating Modes• Island Mode:

• Grid Connected Mode:

IMPORTANCE & BENEFITS• It enables modernization of the

grids.• It enhances the integration of

distributed and renewable energy resources to meets up with the end user needs.

• It provides support and backup for main grid.

• Smart control of energy demand and increase power quality.

• Reduce emitting green house gaseous(GHG)

CHALLENGES IN MICRO GRID Issues involved in micro -grids:

A risk of out-of-phase reconnection for synchronized connection.

Coordination with load-shedding schemesVoltage and frequency regulationLoad (phase) imbalanceLoad and generation matchingPossible damage to equipment due to voltage and frequency

fluctuations.high capital costs when compared to conventional power systems.Lack of operation and maintenance services providers is an

issue that needs attention.

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Smart Grid Priorities for India

No more power cuts, Prosumer

enablement

Reduce AT&C losses, improve QoS

Manage peak power,

Demand Response,

EV proliferation

Integrate Renewables/ Distributed Generation efficiently

Existing Microgrid Ventures in india

• Sagar island microgrid project of( 200+450)Kw, in Sunderban, West Bengal.

• Husk power systems plant powered by rice husk in Champaran Bihar.

• Other firms such as naturetech infra, minda nextgen tech, gram oorga etc have installed projects in UP & Bihar.

• The Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojna and the Remote Village Electrification Scheme, will provide up to 90% capital subsidy for rural electrification projects.

Micro Grid project installed by Team Sustain in Spice Village resort ,Kerala.

65KWp PV System

Economics of the project

India’s cumulative grid tied renewable energy capacity has reached 29.9 GW.

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India as Part of Global Smart Grid Activities

CIGRE

ISGAN

Global Smart Grid Federation

ADB Regional Task Force on Smart Grid

Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP)

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Hybrid grid ventures in world• Location: China, Date of installation: 2006,

Performance: Provides electricity to 55 households, Implementer: Solar World AG.

Photovoltaic/ diesel hybrid system

• Location: Tanzania, Date of installation: 2006, Performance: Provides electricity to several households, community services, small workshops, cabinet making,: CONERGY/Schott Solar.

Photovoltaic/ diesel hybrid system

• Location: Algeria, Date of installation: 1998 to 2000, Performance: Provides electricity to 12 households and community services, Implementer: CDER

Photovoltaic/ diesel hybrid system

• Location: China, Date of installation: 2002, Performance: Provides electricity to 3 villages composed of 500 households, community services and a tourist facility. Implementer: Bergey.

Photovoltaic/wind/diesel hybrid system

• Location: Ecuador, Date of installation: 2006, Performance: Provides electricity to 20 households and community services, Implementer: Trama Tecno

Photovoltaic/ diesel hybrid system

• Location: Laos, Date of installation: 2007, Performance: Provides electricity to 98 households and community services, Implementer: Entec.

Hydro/ PV/ Diesel hybrid system

SLIDE 18

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Smart Grid Roadmap in world

USA

• Smart Grid Drivers- Emission Reduction , DR, Grid Security, 80% RE & 100% Customer participation by 2035

• Investment: $4.3 billion/ varied across states

UK

• Formulated 40 year route map with SG drivers as Carbon Reduction, Energy Security, affordability & economic competitiveness

• Investment: 10 B Pounds for 2010-2020

China

• covering 8 Domains, 28 areas Drivers: emission reduction, EE, RE integration, EV, Export of power

• Investment: $ 7.5 B in 2010 for pilots

Canada• quality, reliability, optimal usage and cost-efficiency• Investment: $1.2 B from 2011-13

Australia

• reducing peak load, improving efficiency, accommodating future growth in EV

• Investment: $100M from 2008–2012•

Relevance of Smart Grid in India

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Power system in India has roughly

doubled in last decade, growing at

8-10%/yr

Generation installed capacity of 215 GW, 4th largest in World

“No access” to electricity for 30%

Indians

Per-capita consumption is just one-fourth of World

average, tendency to grow rapidly due to

electrification

Demand by 2032 is estimated above 900

GW.

12th Plan target for RE generation is 36 GW. Current 12%

share of RE will be > 20% by 2020.

National Mission on Electric Mobility: target of 6 Million

EVs by 2020

An increased share of RE requires

smarter systems to manage it efficiently,

and ensure its stability & reliability

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Draft Smart Grid RoadmapMandatory roof top solar power generation

• for large establishments with connected load >20KwAppropriate policies and programs to provide access for electricity for all

• Life line supply and electrification of 100% households by 2017 • 24x7 quality supply on demand to all citizens by 2027• smart grid pilot projects by 2015• Nationwide deployment by 2027

Microgrids • 200 villages by 2017 • 1000 villages by 2022 • To ensure minimum 8 hrs of electric supply

Availability of an indigenous smart meter by 2017

  CONCLUSION

• Improvement of existing DG and research technologies.• Installation site, capacity and optimization of economy and

security.• Research on relay protection schemes.• New SCADA system should be established.

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“Quality Power on Demand for All by 2027”Smart Grid Vision for India

Transform Indian power sector into a secure, adaptive, sustainable and digitally enabled ecosystem by 2027 that

provides reliable and quality energy .

Smart Grid Mission for India