Recently Progress of Agri-Biotech Crop in China

Zhen Zhuzzhu@genetics.ac.cn

Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

International ConferenceAdoption of Biotech Crops in the Developing World:

Case Studies of Farmers from China, India and the Philippines April 2, 2013, Manila, Philippine

Agri-Biotechnology in China

Phase I: 1986-2000Mission: Tracking global frontier of science and technologyGene cloningPlant transformationTransgenic crops field-tests

Phase II: 2001-PresentMission: Developing independent innovation capacity of science and technology

Commercialization of GM cropsBio-safety Genomic sequencingFunctional genomics and new gene identified

Major National Research Plan

National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program)--The Ministry of Science and Technology

National Key Basic Research Program （973 Program) --The Ministry of Science and Technology

National Science and Technology Major Special Program--Government ministries

From 2006 to 2020, Chinese government, local govenment and industry will invest more than ￥30 billions to support R & D of transgenic technology, including crops and domestic animals. The content of this project including:

Cloning of genes related to important agronomic traits, Breeding new transgenic varieties, Industrialization of GM crops, Establishment of laboratories and bases, Risk assessment & bio-safety on GM crop Public Communications

GM New Variety Breeding Major Project(2006-2020)

Research Progress of GM Crops in China

The Commercialized Transgenic Crops for the First Time in China

Virus-resistant transgenic sweet pepper（Peking University）

Long shelf tomato（Huazhong Agriculture University）

Virus-resistant transgenic tomato（Peking University）

CHS Transgenic Petunia（Peking University ） Insect-resistant cotton（CAAS)

Insect-resistant cotton（Monsanto ）

Bollworm Resistant Transgenic Cotton

The Application of Bt-Cotton in China

In China, The area of Bt cotton has reached to 72% of total cotton farming land in 2008.

The cumulated plant area of Bt cotton has reached 220 million Mu during 1999 to 2008.

The plant area of Bt cotton developed by Chinese scientists has increased from 7% in 1999 to 93% in 2008.

Reduce pesticide usage to 80%, accumulative reduction 45,000 Tons during 1999 to 2008.

Increase income and reduce expenditure ￥220 / per Mu, accumulative benefit about ￥40 billion. 30 million farmer families are benefit from Bt cotton.

Provided by Mr. Sandui Guo1 hectare = 15 mu

Three Lines Hybrid Bt Cotton

Yinmian 2Lint production increase to 26.4%

Seed Production Process of Three Line Hybrid Bt Cotton

Restorer line Sterile line F1-hybrid

Due to avoid manual remove stamen, three Line system is more efficiency. Saving time and labor; the cost is lower, the price of hybrid

seed decrease from ￥30-65 to ￥18-25/kg.

Pollination

PRSV-Resistant Transgenic PapayaSouth China Agricultural University

Symptom in papaya showing PRSV infection

Huanong 1, GM papaya with replicase gene of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), performance of high virus resistance

Huanong 1, GM papaya

Field trials of GM papaya

Bt Pest-resistant Poplar

Transgenic control

(Prof. LU Mengzhu)

Transgenic poplar with resistance to Lepidopterainsect pests.

Transgenic Rice

In China， More than 5% of the total production rice production losses caused by insect pests, it is about 10 million tons. Expenditure for chemical insecticide and application will cost about 3 billion US $ per year.

Lepidopteran insects caused serious damage to rice production --Xianfang City, Hubei Province

Bt Transgenic Insect-resistant RiceBy Huazhong Agri. Uni.

Transgenic pest-resistant rice through the safety evaluation, will enter a variety of regional trial and the validation, a significant reduction in pesticide usage and improve economic benefits of rice farmers

Transgenic insect-

resistant riceControl

Transgenic insect-

resistant rice

Huahui 1 and Bt Shanyou 63 through the safety evaluation

Transgenic rice: Number 863 and border Wild type rice as control: others

Insect-resistant Transgenic Rice Obtained Financial Support by 863 ProgramFuzhou, Fujian Province, May (L) and Aug. ®

Transgenic Rice with Resistance to Brown Plant hopper

Insecticidal crystal protein(ICP) genes, cry30 and cry54 were cloned from B. thuringesis, which showed significant resistance to brown planthopper. Resistance level of trangenic rice with cry30 increased from grade 9 to 3

Brown Planthopper Resistant Assay on ICP

No.worm 24H 48H 72H 96HMortality 96H (%)

Normal feed 92 0 3 4 5 5.43

E.coli 90 0 5 7 11 12.22

B.thuringesis MC28 91 0 23 87 91 100.00

cry54 expression protein 101 0 42 66 72 71.29

cry30 expression protein 88 0 26 57 69 78.41

Insecticidal crystal proteins Brown Planthopper Resistant Assay on cry30 Transgenic Rice

样品编号 TN1 Mudgo ASD7

TDG1 9 9 9

TDG2 7 9 9

TDG3 3 9 9

TDG4 7 9 9

TDG5 7 9 7

TDG6 7 9 9

TDG7 3 5 7

TDG8 9 9 7

TDG9 5 9 3

TDG10 3 7 7

TDG11 7 9 9

TDG12 5 9 9

TDG13 3 3 3

The 60-80% of the phosphorus exists in the form of phytic acid in plant seeds, which is anti-nutritional factor, Phytase catalyze hydrolysis of phytic acid into myo-inositol and inorganic phosphate, which can be utilized by livestoke.

A bacterial Phytase gene has been transferred into maize, and transgenic maize with high phytase activity has been obtained, the expression up to 120,000 U / kg.

This transgenic event has pass through the safety evaluation by MOA.

• (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof.FAN Yun-Liu)

Phytase Transgenic Corn

Transgenic corn Non-transformed corn

Field Trials of Phytase Transgenic Maize

Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Prof.FAN Yun-Liu

Insect-Resistant Transgenic CornChina Agricultural University

GM maize lines for insect resistance have been approved for field testing Non-GM GM

Resistance to WYMV of CP Transgenic Wheat

Transgenic Wheat

Wheat yellow mosaic virus

FK

22

Kitaake

DF-1

DF-2

DF-3

DF-4

DF-5

DF-6

DF-7

DF-8

OF-1

OF-2

OF-3

NF-1

NF-2

NF-3

3.8

1.0

11.5

3.5 4.7

3.1

4.6

5.3

9.9

12.4

13.4

8.4

28 kDa

em

ensa m

g/g

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

NT DF OF NFFK

Iron Contents in Trans-ferritin Rice Seeds

Western Analysis of Trans-Ferritin Rice Seeds

Expression of Soybean Ferritinin Transgenic Rice Seeds

NT GluB-OF GluB-NF

Transgenic rice seeds increase in iron（Ferritin）

Transgenic rice with high content resistant starch has been obtained, which can be used as staple food for diabetic patients.

Starch Quality Improvement

Transgenic rice produce Human Serum Albumin

HSA

LGC

T

新品种

供体 新品种9-9-5-37 阴性对照

转人

血清

双高

白蛋

白新

品种

选育

Human Serum Albumin

Transgenic rice per hectare production of human serum albumin valued at up to one million US$.

Endosperm Specially Deleted System

A safe plant transformation system is established based on lox/creand specific expression technologies. Insecticidal protein only specifically expressed in the leaves and stems, but not expression in the embryo and endosperm. Meanwhile, in the endosperm of exogenous genes are effectively deleted.

Deleted frequency up to 100%.

root shoot leaf seed

control

Endosperm expression

Endosperm Specially deleted

Constitutiveexpression

单价抗虫基因cry1ca 茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体

单价抗虫基因cry1Ab茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体

单价抗虫基因cry1Ah(m4) 茎叶特异表达及胚乳特异性删除载体

Identify & Cloning of Important Agronomic Traits

GeneGene discovery is the key step in the GM crop development, and new important genes with intellectual property right is the basis for the establishing and develping national agricultural biotechnology industry

ipa1 TN1

IPA1

PM

1

PM

2

PM

3

PM

4

Mar

kers

6.7 2.1 1.8 3.1cM)

IPA1

Mar

kers

M1

M2

M3

M4

M5

M6

M7

M8

M9

19 5 9632

b

c

d

e

f Point mutation

ATG TAG*

a

Cloning of Ideal Plant Architecture Gene IPA1

IPA1（Ideal Plant Architecture 1), a semi-dominant gene, which determine the tiller’s angle and number, leaf and panicle lenth, and which can be used to increase yield of varieties.

Jiao et al. (2010) Nature Genetics

Plant Architecture Related Genes

Cloning of Erect Panicle Gene EP2EP2 determine the shape of rice panicle, and significantly increase the yield per rice plant

Zhu et al. (2010) Genetics 184: 343-350

Panicle Shape Related Genes

Rice gl-7(t) Grain Length Regulated Gene

Rice mutant P13, results Length/width ratio of grain to more than 4.0.

long-grain related gene gl-7 (t) has been isolated from P13, which significant increase in grain length (+8.3%).

Grain Appearance Quality Related Gene

Chen et al 2008 PNAS

S5 Indica-Japonica Sterility / Wide Compatibility

Mutant S5 overcome infertility between subspecies, which make it possible to the widespread use of strong hybrid vigor between indicaand japonica.

Identification of Rice Brown Planthopper Resistant Genes

Chr 3

C5611.3

R185414.2

S27131.2 Y3635R3.0 C8200.4 R2880.9 S1118210.1 RZ656

32.1

C1408.4 C891

14.0C28071.2 C5139.8RZ467

Bph15

Chr 4

C7611.6

RZ5196.3 S116694.6 RZ7614.1 C14013.8 R24044.7 C25408.4 R244314.6

R19251.3 G1318Bph14

MRG2684MRG2346MRG2329MRG5949

MRG4319RM261

PCR-based marker selection system developed for Bph14/ 15

Xa26, a Gene for Resistance to Xanthomonus oryzae pv. oryzae

• Encoding a LRR-Receptor-like kinase

• Conferring whole growth process resistance at both seedling and adult stages 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Rb22

Minghui 63

Mudanjiang 8

IR24

MD

J8/MH

63

IRB

B3

B

A

Sun et al. Plant J 2004

Cloning of Important Agronomic TraitsGenes Phenotype Institution Journal

DEP1 Spike Shape Inst.Genet & Devel. Biol..CAS Nature Genet.,2009

OsSKIPa Drought-Tolerance Huazhong Agr.Uni. PNAS, 2009

PROG1 Tiller Angle Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2008

Ghd7 Height & Grains/Spike Huazhong Agr.Uni. Nature Genet.,2008

GIF1 Plumpness of Grain Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2008

GW2 Grain width Huazhong Agr.Uni. Nature Genet.,2007

RID1 Spike Developing Huazhong Agr.Uni. PNAS,2008

AKT1 Salt-Tolerance China Agri.Uni. Cell,2006

ABAR Seed Developing China Agri.Uni Nature,2006

SKC1 Salt-Tolerance Shanghai Inst.Plant Physiol.CAS Nature Genet.,2005

MOC1 Tillering Inst.Genet & Devel. Biol..CAS Nature,2003

From DNA to Variety

DNASequence

GM plants Cultivar

C76

11.6

RZ5196.3

S116694.6

RZ7614.1

C14013.8

R24044.7

C2540

8.4R2443

14.6

R19251.3G1318

Bph14

Gene

Sequencing Genomics Transformation Molecularbreeding

The Challenge of the GM Crops Commercialization

in China

Status of Seed Industry in China

The lower level of aggregation: In China, there are more than 8,700 seed companies and twenty thousand seed sellers.

Small-scale seed enterprises: Top 50 seed companies market share is only 30% of seed market.

Lack of independent R & D capabilities: At present, China's agricultural biotechnology research is mainly in institutions and universities, rather than in seed companies.

The Development of Modern Agriculture Seed Industry

On 18 April. 2011, State Council issued “Recommendations on Accelerating the Development of Modern Crop Seed Industry”.

Mission: Rapidly increasing national agricultural and seed industry's technological innovation capability , and enhancing enterprises international competitiveness, updating the national crop seed industry, and establishing a modern national crop seed industry system.

Key measures：Improving laws and regulations system; Policy support; Increase investment.

Anti-GMO NGO Activity in China

I refuse to pesticides and

genetically modified food

A Trusted Supermarket

The Movement Against Genetically Modified Food

Firmly opposed to genetically

modified foods

Rejection of GM food, care

of family health

Protect the safety of

race, rejection of AROWANA brand GM

soybean oil.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Accept Refuse Neutral No Ideal

% 20032010

Compared with 2003, in 2010 the proportion of accept GMO dropped down of 7%, the opposition has risen 5%.

Data From Professor Huang jikun

Consumer’s Attitude to GM Food

Agri-Biotech Science Communication Platform

On Feb.28, 2013, Agricultural biotechnology science communication platform initiated by 5 society including Chinese Biotechnology Society was formal launched.

Activities of the PlatformPlatform hold “Summit Forum on Crop Breeding” , Feb. 28, 2013.

James Clive give the present on global progress of Bio-tech crops.

On May 18, the platform will organize large-scalescience publicity on Bio-tech crops during “The 2nd ofthe International Plant Day”.