reciprocating-compressor[1].pdf

7/29/2019 Reciprocating-Compressor[1].pdf

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Reciprocating Compressor Concept By Gholam Reza Khajeh1

Good Morning

Welcome to Johnson Control Training Courses


Courses Subjects

1. Reciprocating compressors

2. Screw Compressors

3. Screw Chillers

4. Screw Chillers with Variable Speed Drive.

5. Centrifugal Compressor

6. Centrifugal Chillers

7. Industrial Refrigeration

Exam for each course


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Training Means

Training Means : System Training

All Detail should read from specific chiller manual.

After this training you might need to work with one

of experienced Service Technician / Engineers to be a

professional.


Reciprocating Compressor


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Four Basic Components

Compressor(s)

Condenser

Evaporator

Expansion Device

Refrigeration System


Refrigeration

Compressor

Condenser

Expansion

Valve

Evaporator


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Refrigeration Cycle

High-Pressure Vapor

High-Pressure Liquid

Low-Pressure Mixture

Low-Pressure Vapor

Condenser

Evaporator


Introduction to Compressor Types Positive Displacement

Non Positive Displacement

Positive displacement compressors use a piston or other device to reduce the

volume of refrigerant vapor in a compressor chamber.

PROCESS:

Power is applied

Chamber volume is reduced

Refrigerant pressure is increased


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Introduction to Compressor Types

Definition: compression chamber reduces in volume

to compress gas

Reciprocating

Scroll

Screw

Unlimited lift

Centrifugal (non-positive displacement)

compressors have a fixed amount of lift for a given setof operating conditions.


HermeticScroll

Semi-Hermetic

Reciprocating

Compressors


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J COMPRESSOR

Crankshaft and Bearings

Piston

Motor Housing

SuctionStrainer

SuctionService

Valve

Terminal BoxMotor WindingsCylinder HeadDischarge

Service Valve

Oil Pump

Sight glass

Un- loaders

ReciprocatingCompressor

Parts


Suction

How does it work?


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Volume Enclosed

How does it work?


Refrigerant GasCompressed

How does it work?


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Discharge

How does it work?


J COMPRESSOR

Crankshaft and Bearings

Piston

Motor Housing

Suction

Strainer

Suction ServiceValve

Terminal Box

Motor WindingsCylinder Head

DischargeService Valve

Oil Pump

Sight glass

Un- loaders


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Compression ratio Cr = discharge Pressure/ suction Pressure

Volumetric efficiency = 1- 0.05 x Cr

Swept volume 2 to 2400 m/h

Rotation speed : until 1800 rpm

Single stage until Cr 6

Double stage Cr > 10 Compound

Maintenance: valve check 5000h

Crankshaft assembly 10000h

Compressor Parameters


Pistons and Connecting Rods


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Suction and Discharge Valves


Gudgeon Pin and Oil Pump


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Reciprocating Compressor Disadvantage

More rotating parts

Lower reliability and efficiencyMore Complex refrigerant piping

Higher Maintenance


Cleaning Crank Case annually

Cleaning Oil Strainer annually

Oil Change annually

Oil Analysis annually

Suction Valve , Discharge Valve each 5000 Hrs

Crank Case assembly each 10000 Hrs

Cylinder Liner, Piston and Segment check each20000Hrs

Crank Case Heater

Periodic Maintenance Reciprocating Compressor


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Capacity Control

Expantion valve is a device to Maintains constant superheat on the

evaporator. ( EXP is not a capacity controller)

Capacity is a parameter of Compressor and it should be control inside

the compressor.

It may called some times as LOADING / Un LOADING compressor.

The compressor is loaded when the solenoid is de-energized, and

unloaded when the solenoid is energized.

Unloading is accomplished by lifting and holding the suction valve off in

its seat.

All cylinders equipped with un-loaders will remain unloaded on start-up

until the oil pressure has built up to normal.


Loading / Unloading StepsLoading & Unloading the compressor is depended to the number of the cylinder in

compressor and it should be balance unloading, otherwise it will create the noise

in compressor and finally chiller. In JCI- York technology the sequence should

be adjust from the Opti-View panel as per the no of compressor cylinders.


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Load / Unload Solenoid Valves


ChillerThere are so many different

type of the chillers therefore

there are so many different type

of the compressor with different

number of compressors which

might use in chillers.


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Reciprocating compressor inside view


Lets look inside a CompressorClick Here.

Note : This pictures are notJCI- York Compressors.


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Chiller

How do we able to control the

compressor in a chiller ??


Electrical Control Cabinet


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Component locations

Power Board(APB)

Micro Board(AMB)

Input/Output Board(AIOB)

S1 Dip Switches

EPROM

RS485 (ISN)

RS232 (printer)Selector Pin

System switchesS2 - S5

Clock jump contact& RT clock/battery back up


Questions ?Any question on Reciprocating Compressor

working principle ??

We will talk about complete control procedure on

next sessions.

Thank you for your attention.

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