recommender systems and sparql: more than a shotgun …jperez/amw2014/arras... · recommender...
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun
Wedding?
8th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop
Cartagena, Colombia
(AMW 2014)
Victor Anthony Arrascue Ayala Martin Przyjaciel-Zablocki Thomas Hornung Alexander Schätzle Georg Lausen University of Freiburg Databases & Information Systems
June 5 2014
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1. Motivation
2. RecSPARQL
3. Experiments
4. Summary
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding?
Overview
2 1. Motivation
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RDF’s flexibility ◦ Recommendation domain
Users, Items, Ratings
Consumption relationship
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 3 1. Motivation
Motivation
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How to get recommendations from RDF-graphs: SPARQL? ◦ Retrieval of explicit data from RFD-graphs
◦ Graph pattern matching
◦ Flexible
◦ No possible to express fuzzy queries
Similarity
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 4 1. Motivation
Motivation
SPARQL
Source: http://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i253/f11/
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 5 1. Motivation
Motivation Recommender
Systems
How to get recommendations from RDF-graphs: Recommender Systems ◦ Predicts a degree of preference for a user towards a set of
non-consumed items
◦ Based on Information Retrieval techniques
Source: http://courses.ischool.berkeley.edu/i253/f11/
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 6
Motivation
A straightforward approach
1. Motivation
Classic recommender ◦ Input: users, items, ratings
◦ Output: users, recommended items, predicted rating
Recommendations
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Motivation
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative filtering approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding?
(A)Extraction /
Pre-processingSPARQL
(B)Recommendation
System (CF)
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 8
Motivation
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative filtering approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
1 3 5 0 2
1 0 4 1 1
3 2 0 0 3
0 3 4 1 5
1 3 5 0 1
2 1 2 3 2
(B)Recommendation
System (CF)
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 9
Motivation
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
◦ Customization
Neighbors geographically close
Age of neighbors differ by 𝛿
Speak same languages
etc….
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 10
Motivation
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
◦ Customization
Neighbors geographically close
Age of neighbors differ by 𝛿
Speak same languages
etc….
Where is the problem? ◦ Fixed recommender model
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1. Motivation
2. RecSPARQL
3. Experiments
4. Summary
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 2. Approach
Overview
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 12
Our Approach
RecSesame
◦ Platform for the evaluation of RecSPARQL queries
Based on Sesame’s framework
Cache System
2. Approach
RecSPARQL: Recommendations + SPARQL
◦ Extension of SPARQL 1.1
Consistent mechanism to select parts of the graph
Flexibility
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 13
RecSPARQL in a nutshell
2. Approach
RECOMMEND [Projected Variables]
USING [Recommendation Algorithm]
WHERE { [Basic Graph Pattern] }
BASED ON { [RecSPARQL Type Pattern]
[RecSPARQL Model Building Pattern] }
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 14
RecSPARQL in a nutshell
2. Approach
RECOMMEND [Projected Variables]
USING [Recommendation Algorithm]
WHERE { [Basic Graph Pattern] }
BASED ON { [RecSPARQL Type Pattern]
[RecSPARQL Model Building Pattern] }
◦ Must contain recommendation entities
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 15
RecSPARQL in a nutshell
2. Approach
RECOMMEND [Projected Variables]
USING [Recommendation Algorithm]
WHERE { [Basic Graph Pattern] }
BASED ON { [RecSPARQL Type Pattern]
[RecSPARQL Model Building Pattern] }
◦ Algorithm used
Algorihtms ◦ Content-based (CB)
◦ Collaborative Filtering (CF)
◦ Hybrid (H)
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 16
RecSPARQL in a nutshell
2. Approach
RECOMMEND [Projected Variables]
USING [Recommendation Algorithm]
WHERE { [Basic Graph Pattern] }
BASED ON { [RecSPARQL Type Pattern]
[RecSPARQL Model Building Pattern] }
◦ Similarity
criteria
Content-based ◦ Genre
◦ Cast
◦ Director
Collaborative filtering ◦ Watched movies and ratings
◦ Age
◦ Geographical location
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RecSPARQL in a nutshell
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 17
RecSPARQL in a nutshell
2. Approach
RECOMMEND [Projected Variables]
USING [Recommendation Algorithm]
WHERE { [Basic Graph Pattern] }
BASED ON { [RecSPARQL Type Pattern]
[RecSPARQL Model Building Pattern] }
◦ Similar to projection
◦ Makes it possible to project recommendations
◦ ?movie.REC
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Filters ◦ Recommend only action movies
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 18
RecSPARQL’s flexibility
2. Approach
FILTER ( ?genre.REC = “action”)
?genre.REC
?genre.REC
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Filters ◦ Recommend only from users whose age differ by at most 5
years
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 19
RecSPARQL’s flexibility
2. Approach
FILTER ( abs(xsd:integer(?age) - xsd:integer(?age.REC)) <= 5)
?age.REC
?age
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Much more… ◦ Recommend movies watched under a certain context
◦ Recommend movies whose directors have the same citizenship of the user for which we want the recommendations
◦ Recommend ….
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 20
RecSPARQL’s flexibility
2. Approach
FILTER ( ?watchTime.REC = “weekend” && ?company.REC = “partner”) .
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1. Motivation
2. RecSPARQL
3. Experiments
4. Summary
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 4. Experiments
Experiments
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 22
Experiments
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
Gradual restriction of Neighborhood: ◦ Neighbors geographically close
◦ Age of neighbors differ by 𝛿
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 23
Experiments
Example: lack of flexibility ◦ Collaborative approach
Recommendations from similar users
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
FILTER ( abs(xsd:integer(?age) - xsd:integer(?age.REC)) <= %K%) . FILTER ( abs(xsd:integer(?zip) - xsd:integer(?zip.REC)) <= %L% )
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 24
Experiments
Benefitial ◦ Backed by our experiments
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
◦ Similarity among users in the neighborhood
Increases
◦ Customization
Neighbors geographically close
Age of neighbors differ by 𝛿
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 25
Experiments
Benefitial ◦ Backed by our experiments
1. Motivation
U1
U5
U17
U43
U55
◦ Similarity among users in the neighborhood
Increases
◦ Customization
Neighbors geographically close
Age of neighbors differ by 𝛿
1 3 5 0 2
1 0 4 1 1 3 2 0 0 3 0 3 4 1 5
1 3 5 0 1
2 1 2 3 2
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Tight integration of recommender systems with SPARQL
Customizable recommendations on arbitrary RDF graphs
Future Work ◦ Enhance the integration of both paradigms
◦ Support more recommendations techniques
◦ Increase the expressiveness of RecSPARQL
Binding variables
Sub-queries
Property paths
Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? 26 5. Summary
Summary
V. A. Arrascue Ayala, M. Przyjaciel-Zablocki, T. Hornung, A. Schätzle, G. Lausen, Extending SPARQL for Recommendations. In SWIM (ACM SIGMOD), pages 1-8, 2014.
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Recommender Systems and SPARQL: More than a Shotgun Wedding? Thanks
Thanks for your attention!
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