ReconstructionReconstruction1865 - 18771865 - 1877

ReconstructionReconstruction• Period of time in which the south Period of time in which the south

was rebuilt and brought back into was rebuilt and brought back into the Union after the Civil War.the Union after the Civil War.

UNION WAR UNION WAR GOALSGOALS

1.1.Get the South Get the South BackBack

2.2.End SlaveryEnd Slavery

RECONSTRUCTION RECONSTRUCTION ISSUEISSUE

1.1.How do we get the How do we get the south back?south back?

2.2.What do we do with What do we do with the freed slaves?the freed slaves?

STEPS TO EQUALITYSTEPS TO EQUALITY

1. 1830s 1. 1830s Abolitionist Abolitionist movementmovement

2. 1854 Formation 2. 1854 Formation of the Republican of the Republican

PartyParty

3. 1863: 3. 1863: Emancipation Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

4. 1865: Slavery 4. 1865: Slavery AbolishedAbolished

5. 1865-66 5. 1865-66 Freedmen’s Freedmen’s

BureauBureau

Freedmen’s Bureau 1865 Freedmen’s Bureau 1865

• A government agency which A government agency which provided food, supplies and provided food, supplies and medical aid to mostly freed medical aid to mostly freed slaves.slaves.

• It also helped freedmen adjust to It also helped freedmen adjust to free life by providing job free life by providing job opportunities and education.opportunities and education.

• FREEDMAN: A former slave

Abraham Lincoln’s Plan Abraham Lincoln’s Plan 18631863

10% Plan10% Plan

1.1. Pardons all Pardons all soldiers, not soldiers, not leadersleaders

2.2. Must abolish Must abolish slaveryslavery

3.3. loyalty oath loyalty oath by 10% of a by 10% of a state’s voters.state’s voters.

Congress Reacts 1863-1864Congress Reacts 1863-1864Them’s a fightin’ words!Them’s a fightin’ words!

• Republicans in Congress reject Republicans in Congress reject Lincoln’s plan and passes a Lincoln’s plan and passes a tougher Reconstruction plan in tougher Reconstruction plan in 1864 (Wade-Davis Bill).1864 (Wade-Davis Bill).

• Lincoln veto’s their planLincoln veto’s their plan.

April 1865April 1865• April 9, 1865:April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant Lee surrenders to Grant• April 11, 1865April 11, 1865: Lincoln issues final : Lincoln issues final

public speech urging reconciliation with public speech urging reconciliation with the South and voting rights for blacks. the South and voting rights for blacks. John Wilkes Booth is in attendance.John Wilkes Booth is in attendance.

• April 13, 1865April 13, 1865: It is claimed that Lincoln : It is claimed that Lincoln states that if someone wanted to kill states that if someone wanted to kill him, it would be very easy.him, it would be very easy.

• April 14, 1865April 14, 1865: John Wilkes Booth : John Wilkes Booth shoots Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s shoots Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre.Theatre.

• April 15, 1865April 15, 1865: Abraham Lincoln dies: Abraham Lincoln dies• April 17, 1865April 17, 1865: Vice President Andrew : Vice President Andrew

Johnson (a democrat) is sworn in as the Johnson (a democrat) is sworn in as the 1717thth President of the United States President of the United States

Robert E. Lee on Lincoln’s Robert E. Lee on Lincoln’s DeathDeath

““The death of The death of President President Lincoln means Lincoln means the South has the South has just lost its just lost its best friend.”best friend.”

Lincoln’s AssassinationLincoln’s AssassinationPLOTPLOT

• AssassinateAssassinate– President President

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln– Vice President Vice President

Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson– Secretary of Secretary of

State William State William SewardSeward

Conspirators Conspirators – John Wilkes John Wilkes

BoothBooth– George AtzerodtGeorge Atzerodt– Lewis PowellLewis Powell– David HeroldDavid Herold– Mary SurrattMary Surratt

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth• ActorActor• Confederate Confederate

sympathizer with sympathizer with deep hatred of deep hatred of LincolnLincoln

• 1863: Performed 1863: Performed in a play with in a play with Lincoln in Lincoln in attendance.attendance.

““Sic Semper Tyrannus”Sic Semper Tyrannus”•Booth escapes Booth escapes Ford’s Theatre and Ford’s Theatre and flees into Virginia flees into Virginia with a broken leg.with a broken leg.

•April 26: Booth is April 26: Booth is captured and killed captured and killed by Union soldiers by Union soldiers in southern in southern VirginiaVirginia

Surratt, Powell, Herold & AtzerodtSurratt, Powell, Herold & Atzerodt

Oddities about Lincoln’s Oddities about Lincoln’s AssassinationAssassination

Tecumseh’s CurseTecumseh’s Curse- - Native Native American who American who cursed President cursed President William Henry William Henry Harrison & every Harrison & every president elected in president elected in every year ending every year ending in “0”.in “0”.

Stated they would die Stated they would die in office!in office!

Did it happen?Did it happen?• 1840: William Henry Harrison (died in office 1840: William Henry Harrison (died in office

in 1841)in 1841)• 1860: Abraham Lincoln (assassinated 1865)1860: Abraham Lincoln (assassinated 1865)• 1880: James Garfield (assassinated 1881)1880: James Garfield (assassinated 1881)• 1900: William McKinley (assassinated 1901)1900: William McKinley (assassinated 1901)• 1920: Warren G. Harding (died in office 1923)1920: Warren G. Harding (died in office 1923)• 1940: Franklin D. Roosevelt (died in office 1940: Franklin D. Roosevelt (died in office

1945)1945)• 1960: John F. Kennedy (assassinated in 1960: John F. Kennedy (assassinated in

1963)1963)• 1980: Ronald Reagan (attempted 1980: Ronald Reagan (attempted

assassination in 1981) – breaks curse?assassination in 1981) – breaks curse?• 2000: George W. Bush2000: George W. Bush

Lincoln & KennedyLincoln & Kennedy

• Brace yourselves folksBrace yourselves folks

CONFLICT OVER CONFLICT OVER RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1867RECONSTRUCTION 1865-1867

VSVS

President Andrew President Andrew JohnsonJohnson

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans

Plans forPlans for ReconstructionReconstruction

Andrew JohnsonAndrew Johnson•Easy PlanEasy Plan•Keep Southern Keep Southern whites in powerwhites in power•Provide limited rightsProvide limited rightsto freedmento freedmen

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans•Punish the southPunish the south•Change southern Change southern Society Society (No Slavery)(No Slavery)•Provide equality to Provide equality to Freedmen (citizenship, Freedmen (citizenship, voting rights)voting rights)

BRING IT ON!! BRING IT ON!! • The fight between Johnson and the The fight between Johnson and the

Radical Republicans begin!Radical Republicans begin!– Black CodesBlack Codes issued: limit the rights of issued: limit the rights of

freedmen. (can’t own guns, vote, freedmen. (can’t own guns, vote, serve on juries, could only work as serve on juries, could only work as farmers.)farmers.)

– 1414thth Amendment (1868) Amendment (1868): any person : any person born in the U.S. is a full citizen (has born in the U.S. is a full citizen (has full rights); gives freedmen full rights); gives freedmen citizenship citizenship • Johnson urges southern states to reject Johnson urges southern states to reject

the 14the 14thth Amendment; it passes anyway. Amendment; it passes anyway.

Johnson ImpeachedJohnson Impeached• In Feb. 1868, Andrew Johnson is In Feb. 1868, Andrew Johnson is

impeached by Congressimpeached by Congress– Impeach: Impeach: bring charges against an elected bring charges against an elected

official.official.

• Impeached by HouseImpeached by House• Was not removed from office by the Was not removed from office by the

Senate (failed by 1 vote)Senate (failed by 1 vote)• Johnson dose not do much with his time Johnson dose not do much with his time

in officein office• 11stst of two Presidents to be impeached. of two Presidents to be impeached.

– Andrew Johnson 1868Andrew Johnson 1868– Bill Clinton 1998Bill Clinton 1998