ReconstructionReconstruction1865-18771865-1877

US rebuilds after Civil War- US rebuilds after Civil War- readmitting Confederate readmitting Confederate

statesstates

ReconstructionReconstruction

Lincoln’s 10% PlanLincoln’s 10% Plan• Lenient policy-allow a quick and easy Lenient policy-allow a quick and easy

returnreturn• Pardon all confederates, except high Pardon all confederates, except high

ranking military officersranking military officers• 10% must swear allegiance and then a 10% must swear allegiance and then a

state could form a new gov’t and gain state could form a new gov’t and gain representationrepresentation

ReconstructionReconstruction

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans• Group of republican’s Group of republican’s

disapproved of disapproved of Lincoln’s lenient planLincoln’s lenient plan

• Destroy political Destroy political power of slave power of slave owners and give full owners and give full citizenship to African citizenship to African AmericansAmericans

Thaddeus Stevens

ReconstructionReconstructionAndrew Johnson’s PlanAndrew Johnson’s Plan• Johnson succeeds Johnson succeeds

Lincoln after the Lincoln after the assassinationassassination

• Southern Abolitionist-> Southern Abolitionist-> continued Lincoln’s plancontinued Lincoln’s plan

• Each state:Each state:• With draw seccessionWith draw seccession• Swear AllegianceSwear Allegiance• Annul war debtsAnnul war debts• Accept 13Accept 13thth Amendment: Amendment:

Abolish SlaveryAbolish Slavery

ReconstructionReconstruction

Freedmen’s Bureau and Freedmen’s Bureau and Black CodesBlack Codes

• Distribute food and Distribute food and clothing to former clothing to former slaves and poor whitesslaves and poor whites

• Civil Rights Act of 1866- Civil Rights Act of 1866- passed 13passed 13thth Amendment Amendment

• Forbade Black Codes- Forbade Black Codes- discriminatory lawsdiscriminatory laws

• Johnson vetoed both Johnson vetoed both measuresmeasures

ReconstructionReconstruction

Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction• Radical and moderate republicans Radical and moderate republicans

dislike Johnson’s plan-> too lenient dislike Johnson’s plan-> too lenient and too biasedand too biased

• 1414thth Amendment: All people born in Amendment: All people born in US are citizensUS are citizens

ReconstructionReconstruction

Military Reconstruction Act—1867Military Reconstruction Act—1867• Divided South into Military DistrictDivided South into Military District• Southern States—Tn. Excepted—would write new Southern States—Tn. Excepted—would write new

constitutions w/ Universal Adult Male Suffrageconstitutions w/ Universal Adult Male Suffrage• States had to ratify 14States had to ratify 14thth amendment amendment• Divide states into five military districtsDivide states into five military districts

Johnson ImpeachedJohnson Impeached• Radical republicans felt he was shirking his Radical republicans felt he was shirking his

responsibilitiesresponsibilities

ReconstructionReconstruction

Fifteenth AmendmentFifteenth Amendment• Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant

elected presidentelected president• 1515thth Amendment: Amendment:

All males have right All males have right to voteto vote

ReconstructionReconstruction

Conditions in SouthConditions in South• Scalawags and Scalawags and

CarpetbaggersCarpetbaggers• Southern Republicans Southern Republicans

were scalawags-were scalawags->small farmers>small farmers

• Northerners who Northerners who moved south were moved south were carpetbaggers-> take carpetbaggers-> take advantage of advantage of Southern dilemma, Southern dilemma, others hoped to helpothers hoped to help

ReconstructionReconstruction

Changes in Southern EconomyChanges in Southern Economy• Former slaves rarely had money to Former slaves rarely had money to

start overstart over• 40 Acres and a Mule40 Acres and a Mule• Southerners want to reinstate Southerners want to reinstate

Plantation System->use former slavesPlantation System->use former slaves• Sharecropping: work land, share cropsSharecropping: work land, share crops• Tenant Farming: Rent farm landTenant Farming: Rent farm land

ReconstructionReconstruction

Collapse of ReconstructionCollapse of Reconstruction• Southern whites were Southern whites were

violently opposed to black violently opposed to black rights; many in north were rights; many in north were indifferentindifferent

• Rise of KKKRise of KKK• Where army was present, Where army was present,

KKK leaders were KKK leaders were apprehended and imprisonedapprehended and imprisoned

• Land Reform—blacks (and Land Reform—blacks (and poor whites) left to farm poor whites) left to farm tenancytenancy

ReconstructionReconstructionGrant PresidencyGrant Presidency• Did attempt to enforce Did attempt to enforce

ReconstructionReconstruction• Presidency clouded by Presidency clouded by

scandalsscandals• Republican party divided Republican party divided

between Stalwart and Liberal between Stalwart and Liberal Republicans—little energy left Republicans—little energy left to devote to Reconstruction.to devote to Reconstruction.

• South achieves Home Rule:South achieves Home Rule:• Run state gov’t without Federal Run state gov’t without Federal

interferenceinterference

ReconstructionReconstruction

LegacyLegacy• No real progress against discriminationNo real progress against discrimination• Radical Republicans impeded Radical Republicans impeded

ReconstructionReconstruction• 1313thth, 14, 14thth and 15 and 15thth Amendment Passed Amendment Passed