reconstruction: 1865- 1877
TRANSCRIPT
Preview Activity
Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c
Reconstruction: 1865-
1877
Safari Montage:
Reconstruction Introduction
SAFARI Montage
What was “Reconstruction”?
After the Civil War, the South
was devastated and bitter
Reconstruction was the re-
building of the Union
(particularly in the South)
Reconstruction attempted to
give meaning to the freedom
that the former slaves had
achieved
SAFARI Montage: Chapter 1
Guided Reading Activity 17.1
Read the paragraph and answer the
accompanying questions
Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation
Reconciliation
To bring into agreement or harmony
To come together, forgiving and forgetting the past
Lincoln believed that preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.
SAFARI Montage
(AKA: The 10% Plan)
Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation
Former Confederate General
Urged Southerners to
reconcile with Northerners
at the end of the war and
reunite as Americans when
some wanted to continue to
fight
Became president of
Washington College, which is
now known as Washington
and Lee University
Lincoln Assassinated April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre
in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth
Died the next day, on April 15th, 1865
President Andrew Johnson
From Tennessee, a Confederate state
Agreed with Lincoln that states had never
legally left the Union
SAFARI Montage
President Johnson’s Plan
Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who
took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT
Confederate officers
State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession
EFFECTS
1. Certain leading Confederates could not vote
2. They just gained power in state governments
3. Same old, same old!
Reconstruction Amendments
Passed by Congress to help with Reconstruction
Guaranteed equal protection under the law
13th Amendment (1865)
14th Amendment (1868)
15th Amendment (1870)
Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”
13th Amendment
Abolished (banned) slavery in the U.S. and its territories
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”
SAFARI Montage
14th Amendment
Rules that you are a
citizen if you are born in
the U.S. or its territories
“All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.”
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15th Amendment
It is illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race
"The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
SAFARI Montage
Reconstruction Amendments
Primary Source Activity and Foldable
DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments
Historical Perspectives
POLITICAL Associated with “politics”
Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc.
SOCIAL Associated with “society”
Involves race, gender, age and other ways of grouping people
ECONOMIC Associated with the “economy”
Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.
Policie
s and P
roble
ms
of
Reconst
ructi
on:
SCREAM
Note
s Soldiers from the North supervised the South.
Carpetbaggers from the North take control of
Southern politics and business, leading to
resentment from the Southerners.
Rights for African Americans were gained as a
result of the Civil Rights Act of 1866, which also
authorized the use of federal troops to enforce it.
Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau to aid
former enslaved African Americans in the South.
African Americans could hold public office in the
South.
Military leaders of the Confederacy could not
hold office.
Southern Reaction to Reconstruction:
Black Codes
Purpose was to control daily
life for freedmen
Kept them working on
plantations and farming
Received the same old
treatment
Forced many former slaves to
become “sharecroppers”
SAFARI Montage
Cycle of
Sharecropping
The sharecropper rents a piece of land from the landowner. This rent includes a
shack, seeds and farming tools. The
sharecropper promises to give the
landowner a percentage of the
crops.
The sharecropper plants and harvest the
crops such as corn, wheat, fruits, pecans,
and peanuts.
The sharecropper gives the landowner the
amount of crops agreed upon.
Some of the remaining crops feed the sharecropper’s family. Rarely, there are enough crops to sell for
profit.
Another portion of the crop is sold to pay rent
to the landowner for the next season.
*Sharecropping
Activity
“SCREAM” Your Frustrations!
Read the directions in your note packet
to write down what frustrations you
would address with President Johnson
regarding the Reconstruction policies
Northern Soldiers Supervised
the South
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Gave full citizenship to African Americans
Stated that the federal government would
enforce the law
Overturned the Black Codes
Carpetbaggers
Men from the North that went to the South
after the Civil War to make money from the
people of the South
Freedmen’s Bureau
Established to help former slaves go to school
SAFARI Montage
Compromise of 1877
Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a
compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876
Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military
occupation of the South in exchange for having their
candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President
Safari Montage: (Stop at Plessy vs. Ferguson)
“Who Killed Reconstruction?”
DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions
DILI 3b: Reconstruction
Policies/Problems
Quick Review
Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the
freedom that former slaves had achieved, as well as
rebuilt the South.
Reconstruction Amendments
FREE CITIZENS VOTE!
13th Amendment – banned slavery
14th Amendment – established citizenship
15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on race
ALL – guarantee equal protection under the law
Reconstruction’s Continuing
Legacy - “Jim Crow” Era
Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states
required racial segregation in public schools,
transportation, and other public facilities
Racial segregation
Based upon race
Directed primarily against African Americans but
other groups were also kept segregated (American
Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).
Reconstruction and Segregation
Segregation means to separate
by race
African Americans and whites
were separated in public
places (“racial segregation”)
“Jim Crow” laws were passed
to discriminate against African
Americans
They legalized segregation.
SAFARI Montage
Racial Segregation
Explain or describe this cartoon:
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case in 1896 that maintained segregation
“Separate but equal” was legal
Examples of Jim Crow Laws
Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation
company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows
for the white and colored races.” Alabama
Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to
assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a
partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama
Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the
serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the
same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a
solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or
higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each
compartment.” Alabama
Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall
be conducted separately.” Florida
Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebels
Became the most powerful secret society in the South
Members threatened, beat, and even killed African Americans
Burned schools and churches in night raids
Disrupted elections (there were more than 100,000 more eligible African American voters than white)
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Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan
Today
About 100 different
chapters
As many as 5,000
members
Strongest in the South
and Midwest
Monitored by the FBI
for hate crimes and
Civil Rights violations
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
Violated the Reconstruction Amendments which
guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born
in the U.S.
The right to vote
The right to serve on juries
Made discrimination legal in many communities and
states
Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and
government
Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow
Frederick Douglass
Former slave and human rights
activist
Fought for adoption of
constitutional amendments
that guaranteed voting rights
Was a powerful voice for
human rights and civil
liberties, or rights and
freedoms, for all (including
women and minorities)
Biography Link
Reconstruction Legacies:
Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes
Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.
DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies
Booker T. Washington
Believed equality could be achieved through
vocational education / job training
Established the Tuskegee Institute
Accepted social segregation
Ways to remember him:
“T” for training/Tuskegee
“Book” for education
W.E.B. DuBois
Believed in full political, civil, and
social rights for African Americans
Helped to found the NAACP
Believed in immediate integration
(no segregation)
Ways to remember him:
Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full
freedom!”
SAFARI Montage
Reconstruction Legacies:
Washington and DuBois
Complete the review page for these two gentlemen.
Comparing Washington and
DuBois
Use the class set readings to fill in the facts about
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois.
Think:
Where are they from?
What are their backgrounds?
What did they believe?
How did their peers respond to them?
“Worse Than Slavery” Cartoon Analysis
DILI 4c: Constraints Faced
