RECONSTRUCTION

D O M A I N 2

PA RT I V

13TH AMENDMENT• Amendment that abolished slavery.

14TH AMENDMENT• Granted citizenship to all Americans, regardless of race, color, or previous servitude.

15TH AMENDMENT

• Ratified in 1870, enfranchised, or gave the vote to, black men

PRESIDENTIAL RECONSTRUCTION• Started by Abraham Lincoln and carried out by Andrew Johnson, the

presidents wished no revenge, no malice, no punishment for Confederates

• Readmit southern states as quickly as possible, and move forward together

• Why did the Lincoln & Johnson want to move forward without punishment?

(CONGRESSIONAL)RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION• For some Republicans in Congress, the presidential plan for

Reconstruction wasn’t good enough

– For them, the southern states would have to meet certain requirements in order to rejoin the Union

• 13th Amendment: abolish slavery everywhere

• 14th Amendment: define citizenship for all persons

• 15th Amendment: guarantee voting rights for all

• Why do the Radical Republicans insist upon these steps? Whose plan is more appropriate, the president or the Congress?

RECONSTRUCTION EFFECTS

• Schools were created, hospitals were built, African American

newspapers were created, there were African American

representatives in government from the South

– Morehouse College was founded in 1867

• The Freedmen’s Bureau provided everyday needs like food,

clothing, jobs, medicine and training

• Land was very tough to come by and so former slaves got stuck in

the cycle of sharecropping

• Northern carpetbaggers and southern scalawags played a role as

well in helping former slaves

• How was the sharecropping cycle dangerous?

NEED TO KNOW!

Freedman’s Bureau

Provided everyday needs for the poor

(African Americans and whites)

SHARECROPPING

NEED TO KNOW!

Sharecropping = slavery

Rent land and give percentage of crops

SCALAWAGS & CARPETBAGGERS

NEED TO KNOW!

Scalawag

Southern whites who

supported Reconstruction

Carpetbagger

Northerners that moved to

south to profit

IMPEACHING ANDREW JOHNSON• Congress impeached (accused) Johnson for “high crimes and

misdemeanors”

– He ignored laws that limited his powers

– He got in the way of congressional attempts to reconstruct the South

– He pardoned former Confederate citizens

• Congress fell one vote short in the Senate of convicting him and removing him from office after a three month trial

• What does this tell us about the powers of Congress and the president at this time?

RESISTING RECONSTRUCTION

• Black Codes were written to control the lives of freed slaves, taking away voting rights, controlling their work, limiting their freedoms

• Secret societies like the Ku Klux Klan were born to fight against Reconstruction and reclaim the political and social superiority of white southerners

• Political corruption also hurt progress and Reconstruction ended after the Election of

1876

NEED TO KNOW!

Black Codes

Laws limiting freedoms

of African Americans

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacist

secret society

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1876

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1876• Presidential Election of

1876 between Rutherford

B. Hayes vs Samuel Tilden.

• Most hostile,

controversial campaigns in

American History.

• Tilden wins popular vote

but failed to win majority

of the Electoral College.

Electoral votes in four

states Florida, Louisiana,

Oregon and South

Carolina were disputed.

RECONSTRUCTION MILITARY DISTRICT

THE COMPROMISE OF 1877• To get the southern Democrats to agree to

Hayes as president, a compromise was

created.

• The Compromise of 1877:

– The Republicans promised to remove

federal troops from the South.

– The Southern Democrats promised to

accept Hayes as President.

• The Compromise ended the Reconstruction

period in the south but ushered in a period of

redemption for white southern who know

regained control of the South.

• Southern States began to deny African

Americans their full rights of citizenship.

COMPROMISE OF 1877

• By 1877, had Reconstruction

been a success?

RECONSTRUCTION PLANS

PRESIDENTIAL

• To reenter the Union, states had to:

– swear allegiance to the Union

– ratify the 13th amendment

• Was willing to pardon high-ranking

Confederate officers

• Favored states’ rights on issues such as

giving African Americans the right to vote

• Did not support the Freedman’s Bureau

• Took a conciliatory (friendly/less angry)

approach towards the South

CONGRESSIONAL/ RADICAL

• Supported the Freedman’s Bureau:

– Created schools

– Created hospitals

– Created Industrial Institutes

– Created teacher-training centers

– Distributed food and clothing

• Supported Civil Rights Act of 1866, which out-

lawed Black Codes

• Passage of 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments

required to reenter the Union

• Divided the South into five military districts

• Supported equal rights for African Americans