Reconstruction• Gov’t plan to rebuild

the South• 1865-1877

Constitutional Amendments following war

• 13th Amendment (1865)- abolishes slavery in all states

• 14th Amendment (1868)– “guarantees” blacks their civil rights – recognizes them as citizens– “Equal Protection under the law”

• 15th Amendment (1870)- prohibits voting discrimination based on race

Presidential Reconstruction– Presidential

Reconstruction- Andrew Johnson ( a former slave holder) grants amnesty to confederacy officials

Black Codes• Laws in South intended

to keep blacks in “de facto” slavery (passed after Civil War)

• Ex. Must have written proof of employment

• Any employment other than farmer or servant was heavily taxed

• Led many blacks to return to plantation labor

Congress v Johnson• Johnson vetoed the

14th Am• Congress passed it

over his veto• House Republicans

impeach him (1st Pres to be impeached)

Radical Reconstruction

• Attempted to reform the South

• Reconstruction Act of 1867--Put troops in South to enforce new protections

• Massive increase in power of federal gov’t

Rise of the KKK• KKK forms to

respond to these changes

• Esp to deny blacks their voting rights

Jim Crow Laws• Segregation laws• Began in 1876• Upheld in Plessy v

Ferguson

Compromise of 1877• Virtual tie b/w 2 presidential candidates• Samual Tilden (Dem) vs Rutherford B. Hayes

(Rep)• 2 sets of election results in Fl, LA & SC—led

to Election commission (8:7 Repub)---Hayes promised to reduce # of troops in South

• Leads to rise in terror and intimidation w/ no feds protecting the newly freed blacks