reconstruction of a transmembrane protein tetraspanin (cd9) into lipid bilayer by interaction of...
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Reconstruction of a transmembrane protein tetraspanin (CD9) into lipid bilayer by interaction of ganglioside GM3 and tetraspaninGlycobiology World CongressAugust 12, 2015
Tokyo University of Science, JapanShigeomi Horito
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Model for the organization of raftsThe rafts (red) segregate fromthe other regions (blue) of the bilayer.
Rafts contain proteins attached to the exoplasmic leaflet of the bilayer by their GPI anchors, proteins binding to the cytoplasmic leaflet by acyltails (the Src-family kinase Yes is shown), or proteins associating through their transmembrane domains, like the influenza virus proteins neuraminidase and haemagglutinin (HA).
Kai Simons & Elina Ikonen, NATURE |VOL 387 | 5 JUNE 1997
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Function of ganglioside raftsOn outer membrane of raft, it is very clear that many ligands link to the corresponding receptors.How is the signal transduced on inner membrane of raft?
For example, autophosphorylation enzyme or cutting enzyme of signal peptides.
How is the enzyme recluited?
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Preparation monolayers by
The half side of cell membrane can be obtained.Langmuir-Blodgett technique
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Molecular structures of lipids for L-B film preparationdipalmitoylphosphatidylcholinedioleoylphosphatidylcholinedipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine
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About atomic force microscopy (AFM)
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Chemical structure of ganglioside GM1Ganglioside was composed of carbohydrate part and lipid part (Ceramide).
Ganglioside GM1 has a sialyl a23 galactose residue.
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Membrane properties of binary and ternary systems of ganglioside GM1/DPPC/DOPCYumiko Ohta, Shoko Yokoyama, Hideki Sakai, Masahiko AbeColloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 34 (2004) 147153.
Effect of surface pressure on the AFM images for the GM1/DPPC/DOPC (2:9:9) monolayer. Surface pressure: (a) 30 mN/m; (b) 35 mN/m; (c) 40 mN/m.Conclusion: The percolation pattern in the GM1/DPPC/DOPC monolayer changed as the surface pressure was varied.
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1. Research on ganglioside GM1a raftGM1a is not commercially available, We must synthesize it.
GM1a in DOPC/DPPC monolayers and hybrid bilayers are prepared.
Distribution of GM1a is investigated by AFM.
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Chemical structure of GM1aa-Series ganglioside containing a sialyl a-26-N-acetylgaractosamine residue are exclusivey localized on cholinergic neurons.
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Chemical synthesis of GM1 (1)6 steps from glucosamine7 steps from lactose4 steps from galactose23 steps
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Chemical synthesis of GM1 (2)9 steps from glucosamine7 steps from galactoseTotal steps steps were known in publication.)
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Surface pressure vs. area per molecule isotherms for GM1a/DOPC/DPPC(1:9:9)liquid-expanded phaseliquid-condensed phase
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35.17900731.17510519.297082
35.31598631.36634319.473814
35.48827631.48865819.597448
35.69652231.67714919.679283
35.93006231.84998219.772525
36.110432.03454819.888217
36.31546332.22488219.979707
36.50642632.31953420.095194
36.69430232.45669320.250613
36.89484432.667220.468266
37.05319232.84962620.562047
37.22071133.0487420.709735
37.42811233.20407920.812813
37.66899733.34996620.943736
37.86535133.50873821.058125
38.01773833.66425621.19719
38.23568533.82873921.363041
38.41969334.00742621.543649
38.49628734.16226621.722942
38.64942334.37960421.867191
38.84546334.56300422.087436
39.06825134.80142422.239583
39.23224234.94699722.398299
39.45077235.08628222.599579
39.63943535.31302822.818002
39.79983335.50146722.930801
39.9985535.69279523.009838
40.27029435.91398923.150834
40.49123136.07585923.370797
40.67154436.3023323.573771
40.84730336.47517623.739333
41.0315836.64421223.943532
41.175236.81105924.109531
41.36064837.05026624.311806
41.52803937.26538324.509788
41.67580837.48270224.759713
41.90441737.63031225.043719
42.0816337.82878625.278426
42.24739438.04055425.518356
42.37827838.29464925.713893
42.52587438.4896425.924014
42.66844838.70430226.181093
42.75258838.93030526.408094
42.81064939.12778626.687308
42.88708939.36242126.901215
43.03352739.59240727.128922
43.12653339.78317127.418055
43.26090640.01102427.672798
43.36753940.22783827.891061
43.48902840.46442528.177666
43.57002140.70112828.412392
43.69788840.95442928.692767
43.89538841.1560428.96842
44.06594241.36026429.280695
44.16318741.60977429.517051
44.31337741.87506929.785422
44.41165942.04030230.019513
44.52105242.23543230.310731
44.6188842.40330930.630724
44.81062342.59137730.928532
44.91744242.83965131.284441
45.08921243.02611831.624709
45.25145443.24430831.976583
45.37506943.44963332.292445
45.44527843.67614832.596026
45.5151843.84342932.976156
45.56059444.07253133.380538
45.63150244.28929933.712317
45.64745344.49603334.048023
45.73850644.69761934.426985
45.85869544.93211934.826837
46.11033145.19261835.197696
46.13111145.40438535.648664
46.05303245.62680836.081943
46.02708445.82022236.458198
46.03948246.02348636.887525
46.09998946.20479737.284599
46.12908146.40395637.639187
46.63862938.006196
46.82438538.457395
47.01236938.874236
47.25589239.360677
47.47440239.840254
47.71781640.323878
47.93681940.784366
48.10928141.21912
48.35113241.670735
48.53614542.17913
48.69689542.671332
48.8727743.170578
48.98848343.62245
49.0711844.080224
49.12555344.570514
49.21477445.092331
49.28423445.582557
49.37506946.070691
49.4931246.557952
49.58446747.058649
49.61328347.547277
49.68593247.98087
49.81568848.381151
49.96250448.734712
50.08341149.098833
50.24836149.523199
50.32682549.909032
50.38411850.355162
50.48527650.861428
50.58010151.308085
50.68668951.846065
50.69854252.410402
50.79350252.906486
50.86841753.478779
50.95884354.003555
51.01713554.449955
51.09975554.999638
51.14285155.597883
51.1692656.136761
51.2254956.620014
51.32312657.050804
51.39512257.585608
51.42758258.132815
51.44599858.591084
51.54686859.002972
51.58098759.53122
51.64794360.017905
51.66605960.464194
51.72025360.945412
51.79517561.363093
51.88445461.781429
62.254036
62.619627
63.057114
63.467192
63.828946
64.19496
64.582012
64.957271
65.354229
65.605918
65.967941
66.257439
66.58891
66.882591
67.184587
67.382101
67.542415
67.671714
67.734378
67.878338
67.996737
68.070571
68.238302
68.30121
68.393951
68.429091
68.497921
68.553919
68.615043
68.609481
68.691399
68.68087
68.760793
68.801682
68.863216
68.871422
68.907255
68.870781
68.924321
68.977124
68.946854
68.950601
68.933432
68.947444
68.956048
69.00819
69.025596
69.035778
69.03275
69.048969
69.066209
69.132889
69.120969
69.138253
69.163121
69.187598
69.146979
69.174156
69.212138
69.242261
69.255305
69.262567
69.278017
69.272095
69.298394
69.301679
69.354443
69.349593
69.383443
69.365119
69.394061
69.416087
69.420527
69.419423
69.478834
69.532997
69.504036
69.500052
69.51638
69.542364
69.596527
DOPC
GM1/DOPC/DPPC
GM1
Aera per molecule [sq. / molecule]
Surface pressure [mN/ m]
Chart1
-0.0198060.048719-0.057666
-0.028150.080269-0.001488
-0.0234370.0434420.013326
-0.0361040.086609-0.002258
-0.0184940.0717720.008738
-0.061750.0948690.027049
-0.0236160.0667770.029622
-0.0413540.0654130.039009
-0.017110.0477710.016784
0.0010050.0735650.014288
0.0250510.0665010.054253
0.0265620.0422380.062119
-0.0106490.0299370.067085
0.0096050.0594250.00043
-0.0048860.0576960.02456
-0.0195950.0869870.014705
0.0446140.1047950.028102
0.0084530.1067870.004619
0.0161820.1013050.027794
0.01250.1246140.001488
-0.0125060.083990.002643
0.0168290.1311780.019325
0.0382420.1186720.01432
0.0187240.12343-0.017734
0.073750.113369-0.024207
0.0901630.0983910.014705
0.0872680.0861930.005646
0.0702920.0530730.004889
0.0950550.085648-0.007879
0.0741030.085424-0.01423
0.0409830.051901-0.031592
0.0390430.0804810.006333
0.050460.0608340.051353
0.0070890.0790210.054452
0.0087090.077676-0.006288
-0.0039190.085962-0.017759
0.0465990.0840470.019556
0.1062740.0795840.087782
0.0744550.099410.09824
0.0774580.0827030.137762
0.0721490.0851680.079634
0.0208250.0890740.111047
0.0468230.0740260.131956
0.0611160.0722010.129524
0.0568130.0482580.139302
0.076440.0488920.148977
0.0372430.0866020.148188
0.0376660.0873450.13381
-0.013550.0470280.131186
-0.0303080.0590090.159551
0.0079920.0430320.167821
-0.0093680.0624990.199201
-0.0067110.045850.181519
-0.0469580.0371920.207407
-0.0290980.0358280.216627
-0.0490770.0501020.202884
-0.0509280.0559360.219039
-0.0723860.0498710.214497
-0.0218880.0489880.196275
-0.0355270.0583750.216646
-0.0060070.0893940.236003
0.0334780.0283040.246884
0.0111870.0578890.231563
0.0350410.063620.252966
0.0008770.0663670.24972
0.0242820.0866090.246525
0.0652340.0680830.278912
0.0619360.0400230.281581
0.0457990.0342720.272529
0.0574020.0187950.311069
0.0722330.0545330.308297
0.0554040.0540210.322701
0.0581190.0392220.327442
0.0859170.072950.340665
0.1033540.0733850.294105
0.1002610.0032530.300534
0.0893940.0137040.305295
0.0956190.0323510.29723
0.0901630.1054350.296364
0.0682110.0718480.318691
0.0773040.0934610.285534
0.0947990.096080.29739
0.0750630.0954650.326878
0.0629090.1003120.338099
0.0605590.1096550.360446
0.0337340.0722330.409489
0.0499290.0538930.440433
0.0124740.0603220.389523
0.0506140.087140.400815
0.0806020.0790530.422295
0.0578120.0947280.437129
0.0456390.1406870.452937
0.0161630.1505620.436102
0.0156060.1587450.440106
0.0269980.1457970.450936
0.0191920.1313250.490381
0.0657780.1551270.461766
0.0754470.1654950.434081
0.0872170.1150090.464152
0.1144710.1513560.457756
0.0703560.1648930.501673
0.0619610.2312730.534747
0.0720210.2070930.529235
0.084220.2071950.588191
0.0655220.1898990.580101
0.0574790.1919290.591932
0.0464710.2204890.566217
0.0054810.201970.585541
0.0246030.218670.571895
-0.0015620.1923320.56768
0.0094260.1745370.591784
-0.0238980.128360.589083
-0.0110140.1622160.540457
-0.0195820.1184350.564523
-0.0110650.0846810.544865
0.0198640.0574790.611898
0.0060960.0656370.627476
0.0235140.0613470.655237
0.0380630.0487310.572812
0.0376980.0462340.583187
0.0396510.0804290.583642
0.0736220.1136510.56179
0.0435960.137870.577406
0.0217470.1489480.659761
0.0371220.1730770.589859
0.0030230.1766110.579818
-0.0569150.1284560.626045
-0.0229510.1044750.67471
0.0173030.1248450.651831
0.0004610.1298330.594883
-0.0788480.1985890.593869
-0.0026380.159610.592394
-0.025410.1958740.677372
0.0456060.157080.703081
0.0088370.1456440.688119
-0.0063590.1516050.698153
0.0117060.1408020.718755
-0.0097530.1294490.752637
-0.0325820.1534050.782074
-0.0346310.1501010.795265
-0.0222850.1152010.744707
-0.0283040.131530.738837
-0.0090480.1334190.801347
0.0175710.1251010.812652
-0.0112260.1503250.859064
0.0036120.157810.866064
-0.0061030.1486280.84731
0.0058140.133810.860033
-0.0126340.1354490.892145
0.0220030.1640920.890682
0.0760240.155480.910719
0.1041480.1835270.849672
0.1295830.2233830.868695
0.0933450.2230060.851545
0.1430050.1779690.854548
0.1415710.212760.868175
0.1188770.1956430.878447
0.1346810.2020660.905413
0.1826820.1954120.907594
0.221930.1912120.936318
0.3039920.223070.966672
0.3430220.2419790.94652
0.3882890.2378620.925071
0.4221710.2341930.944242
0.3932070.2270080.932385
0.4479960.3041970.940136
0.4544770.3025380.973088
0.5013260.2824760.984893
0.5766260.3260971.007984
0.5892090.3456031.016819
0.6032970.3244581.024858
0.6708160.3375980.996699
0.7310480.4078331.009813
0.7444060.4286891.019744
0.7513480.4300151.00067
0.7926640.4014421.048026
0.7875920.4331141.105795
0.8505080.4885441.14796
0.9055470.5360781.121546
0.9833190.5755241.125453
1.0631010.5513251.18779
1.0587210.583081.228364
1.1413280.5745061.242992
1.1641880.5852641.285087
1.1628690.6484611.269503
1.2634570.6698941.318546
1.2560480.7294671.294961
1.3053370.7269371.287108
1.3360290.763151.33746
1.3867140.7519111.348284
1.4620520.8011231.305201
1.5125570.8437391.289187
1.5809350.8530371.359191
1.6071510.8982981.337075
1.682330.9471191.330319
1.7013230.9775431.359326
1.7156031.034311.362944
1.7455081.0437241.416479
1.8051251.0645611.413983
1.8976251.1176211.427694
1.9265381.1521111.385528
1.9881081.1400341.433365
2.0046111.1794161.492648
2.0325811.1799031.473105
2.0484881.2085211.540973
2.1155721.2005991.521962
2.1493831.2616391.529424
2.2374651.3032111.525876
2.2770461.3965951.554883
2.3295551.4379681.609508
2.3786641.4462221.619863
2.4119821.4399921.588553
2.4314941.5036181.569697
2.4581911.5444861.618965
2.474591.6111221.673635
2.5715861.6338161.74097
2.6187361.6611721.767082
2.6646691.7059851.740456
2.7365941.7596091.733784
2.7793191.7989971.780389
2.8340311.8522051.820014
2.8798431.898491.861229
2.9545471.9275821.886579
2.9977331.9765111.851041
3.0306732.017521.86855
3.0537972.0631781.921872
3.1198112.1255621.992678
3.1714952.1944391.967996
3.269222.2273021.980463
3.3329232.2952062.006492
3.3932842.3929322.049857
3.493092.4202562.077644
3.5527022.4662852.11435
3.617322.4759422.154796
3.6462262.5633962.129081
3.7166272.6016322.151177
3.7550882.6509652.203107
3.7428052.6977752.25473
3.8601192.7079572.265983
3.9370462.7619072.3087
4.0330942.8356192.287701
4.0824722.8854012.295278
4.1739992.8857982.374091
4.1976732.9574422.371012
4.2851912.9948392.443409
4.3701223.0587212.458364
4.3897233.0815432.504026
4.4728683.1151752.504302
4.52113.2099682.566312
4.568413.3002392.600092
4.6559343.352962.639197
4.7548513.3647362.642084
4.8112863.4261212.646152
4.8543953.4985972.725555
4.97113.5457732.773007
4.9940193.6095592.805754
5.0603993.6024132.860706
5.1028553.6687862.852436
5.1814913.695472.848227
5.2652763.7747662.905252
5.3195853.8557912.925474
5.3872773.9054312.940359
5.4381473.9386022.962783
5.4795153.9856372.99664
5.5198324.0133193.010261
5.591774.0753833.07227
5.6718534.1610313.111985
5.7343784.1810943.117207
5.7848394.2165513.1747
5.8889934.2826293.209622
5.9334794.3443353.202231
6.0222524.4008663.255573
6.0890364.4717983.289872
6.2269444.5210483.331217
6.3242784.6299993.380131
6.3661074.6934083.442533
6.4384234.712513.482119
6.4837544.7890013.523277
6.530094.8731123.592421
6.6304734.9211463.634792
6.6471165.0144593.69487
6.7349035.1135043.725436
6.8701475.1816453.78264
6.9495275.2599223.793573
6.9940965.3268273.806571
7.130625.3659663.869614
7.1614355.4287723.923405
7.2343275.51933.982046
7.2537235.5855074.051004
7.3715245.6328434.130222
7.393455.6439784.154121
7.5078575.7434974.191911
7.5881455.8208144.202138
7.6502735.8897554.182062
7.6995425.9289714.250565
7.8008225.96564.281028
7.8831986.0794564.37239
7.9821726.1783534.417398
8.0900416.2679014.470451
8.1703616.33484.522984
8.2457446.4415414.543374
8.3501236.5020624.569769
8.3899546.590954.621776
8.4688726.6715654.667368
8.5487316.692874.764819
8.6516316.7213854.809801
8.7281676.7848774.900965
8.8513026.8711984.913149
8.9420986.9509354.960524
9.051196.9711964.997428
9.1245757.0336575.070216
9.218747.1361795.127235
9.3127397.2062025.181231
9.4161647.2701425.239917
9.4836647.3550225.267384
9.5642157.4241625.358162
9.6476737.5015055.433787
9.7514637.5455745.471082
9.8761997.6243265.503489
10.0550717.7327135.541369
10.13427.8299145.569753
10.2241787.8672155.66372
10.3323287.9742835.697634
10.4156978.0444415.800956
10.518778.1197735.825625
10.63058.2787745.873507
10.7160528.3636225.918143
10.8145858.4696346.016043
10.9224038.5237126.116555
11.0251368.6134316.14839
11.1596188.6914356.21706
11.2604378.7826426.329447
11.43718.8492466.446679
11.4984918.9718376.502343
11.5836159.1043596.535501
11.6748479.2074386.606056
11.782469.2960196.656043
11.9023049.4187836.75837
12.0245179.4887046.811256
12.0861529.5592526.914822
12.2090439.6294556.951585
12.3373219.6785396.992493
12.451519.7904487.058474
12.5908279.8915557.120221
12.7019889.9713377.197058
12.77699310.0690637.276102
12.91241110.181127.351232
13.01951110.2449067.364308
13.13631310.3278147.427485
13.19853110.4643267.516416
13.30539410.5440777.621598
13.40126310.6231047.695292
13.51525410.6986097.749904
13.64178310.8163337.841023
13.74145510.8986847.889514
13.87445810.9615677.967608
13.97731311.1035678.032897
14.11565111.1967858.091885
14.2495711.2876718.185416
14.34101311.4000618.283367
14.44761411.540558.376764
14.60197411.5779288.425961
14.73251211.717458.472027
14.82382111.7900678.553349
14.95391711.9085668.674
15.03378312.047168.763438
15.13818112.1357358.803697
15.23572712.2181818.905281
15.36762312.2859388.98299
15.53915612.3638649.016019
15.74535312.464839.151408
15.89576112.5831249.229541
16.05136912.6680819.334261
16.1459512.8028649.392043
16.23207912.8949749.456773
16.33130313.0275039.591115
16.48968413.1314469.662948
16.61610413.2788329.738848
16.7325613.4076229.808101
16.87610413.5335179.880993
17.01354513.6658489.930235
17.15122313.75782310.023939
17.27886613.84207510.075568
17.41510913.97485410.15447
17.55260214.05000110.263143
17.70365714.19383310.346421
17.80006914.30822710.474335
17.89217914.35811110.554219
18.03623514.50356310.5878
18.17529614.63016910.676814
18.22696714.73253110.793814
18.38423314.90991110.897341
18.49313315.02205110.965022
18.5966815.15942811.060895
18.71850215.28462511.155959
18.84494815.43554611.265254
19.01424715.55485211.297924
19.13131815.66838111.367235
19.29523815.81957711.453471
19.43372915.98943311.525034
19.60724816.10559511.638813
19.7962716.22516311.783723
19.9358316.36644611.863472
20.12217616.52341811.954385
20.26741616.65966812.004057
20.35898216.78051112.115874
20.52452116.90668812.191273
20.66463917.08340212.289969
20.73244717.18441312.371893
20.87741917.3544812.479398
21.02297917.49835712.525978
21.16909117.64601812.639719
21.31283917.82363512.701998
21.46684617.94042412.815078
21.60894218.08641412.898741
21.75062318.23316513.019539
21.92067118.35370113.09279
22.04784718.51546913.193436
22.12935218.68412813.251583
22.23297518.80148713.315749
22.40150618.98176813.380498
22.4929319.25837913.454261
22.60403919.363513.538046
22.75475519.4912413.577158
22.89443719.67458813.651171
23.09289219.82156413.716639
23.26808820.02611513.769506
23.45869220.14243713.853843
23.5432220.27297413.927106
23.68768520.43016414.015748
23.85424420.57731914.084398
24.02753820.74940414.14132
24.17983620.87654814.281527
24.33596221.02447114.345833
24.51804321.11878414.408497
24.68693221.27600514.505923
24.83060421.46970214.537425
24.98731321.60614414.598286
25.16049221.71826514.740154
25.27578321.88194214.809779
25.44168822.05324514.886077
25.68500622.19738414.949101
25.86202222.29885615.030871
25.99340522.4396215.084412
26.07713222.59316615.093311
26.19844922.78387915.152998
26.35930122.95013615.214032
26.52738323.09112415.300499
26.64436523.27838515.401915
26.81990123.39790915.432634
27.00235923.60274815.456399
27.14438523.7318915.495222
27.28571923.91464915.543347
27.47686124.07630815.616565
27.65200624.20015415.701589
27.8257324.24856615.759896
27.98761424.36844115.799014
28.12763524.55152115.890627
28.32608324.77484116.018598
28.46055924.89821316.024976
28.60950825.06272216.068899
28.77718625.22021916.094396
28.97669125.37206816.197743
29.16335725.56584216.2744
29.37978625.72869816.347259
29.50457425.95602716.438198
29.678426.08301116.467133
29.86676926.29905616.521412
30.06200926.46738816.596324
30.17649926.56667616.610432
30.3404726.7214216.739989
30.44355626.85097116.807464
30.57256927.00429916.861968
30.70359427.16748916.964827
30.85663427.32724717.056465
31.02846227.49001417.124686
31.18744527.67842117.220263
31.4047927.78989617.314904
31.59980627.94993517.371871
31.73137528.03534617.436447
31.95245328.20843617.524344
32.16460528.33884617.66244
32.2849828.48343317.767225
32.4351928.65899517.81091
32.66730228.87399617.901676
32.884529.07469218.018304
33.04168329.31171618.096925
33.20234429.49676818.203659
33.41988129.65270818.273464
33.61131129.81776818.401076
33.86344729.98912318.517243
34.01431630.13597718.657648
34.21238730.32355218.775219
34.37934830.47522118.864368
34.55261130.63251418.952317
34.72542530.75957419.022841
34.93208930.93788919.179132
35.17900731.17510519.297082
35.31598631.36634319.473814
35.48827631.48865819.597448
35.69652231.67714919.679283
35.93006231.84998219.772525
36.110432.03454819.888217
36.31546332.22488219.979707
36.50642632.31953420.095194
36.69430232.45669320.250613
36.89484432.667220.468266
37.05319232.84962620.562047
37.22071133.0487420.709735
37.42811233.20407920.812813
37.66899733.34996620.943736
37.86535133.50873821.058125
38.01773833.66425621.19719
38.23568533.82873921.363041
38.41969334.00742621.543649
38.49628734.16226621.722942
38.64942334.37960421.867191
38.84546334.56300422.087436
39.06825134.80142422.239583
39.23224234.94699722.398299
39.45077235.08628222.599579
39.63943535.31302822.818002
39.79983335.50146722.930801
39.9985535.69279523.009838
40.27029435.91398923.150834
40.49123136.07585923.370797
40.67154436.3023323.573771
40.84730336.47517623.739333
41.0315836.64421223.943532
41.175236.81105924.109531
41.36064837.05026624.311806
41.52803937.26538324.509788
41.67580837.48270224.759713
41.90441737.63031225.043719
42.0816337.82878625.278426
42.24739438.04055425.518356
42.37827838.29464925.713893
42.52587438.4896425.924014
42.66844838.70430226.181093
42.75258838.93030526.408094
42.81064939.12778626.687308
42.88708939.36242126.901215
43.03352739.59240727.128922
43.12653339.78317127.418055
43.26090640.01102427.672798
43.36753940.22783827.891061
43.48902840.46442528.177666
43.57002140.70112828.412392
43.69788840.95442928.692767
43.89538841.1560428.96842
44.06594241.36026429.280695
44.16318741.60977429.517051
44.31337741.87506929.785422
44.41165942.04030230.019513
44.52105242.23543230.310731
44.6188842.40330930.630724
44.81062342.59137730.928532
44.91744242.83965131.284441
45.08921243.02611831.624709
45.25145443.24430831.976583
45.37506943.44963332.292445
45.44527843.67614832.596026
45.5151843.84342932.976156
45.56059444.07253133.380538
45.63150244.28929933.712317
45.64745344.49603334.048023
45.73850644.69761934.426985
45.85869544.93211934.826837
46.11033145.19261835.197696
46.13111145.40438535.648664
46.05303245.62680836.081943
46.02708445.82022236.458198
46.03948246.02348636.887525
46.09998946.20479737.284599
46.12908146.40395637.639187
46.63862938.006196
46.82438538.457395
47.01236938.874236
47.25589239.360677
47.47440239.840254
47.71781640.323878
47.93681940.784366
48.10928141.21912
48.35113241.670735
48.53614542.17913
48.69689542.671332
48.8727743.170578
48.98848343.62245
49.0711844.080224
49.12555344.570514
49.21477445.092331
49.28423445.582557
49.37506946.070691
49.4931246.557952
49.58446747.058649
49.61328347.547277
49.68593247.98087
49.81568848.381151
49.96250448.734712
50.08341149.098833
50.24836149.523199
50.32682549.909032
50.38411850.355162
50.48527650.861428
50.58010151.308085
50.68668951.846065
50.69854252.410402
50.79350252.906486
50.86841753.478779
50.95884354.003555
51.01713554.449955
51.09975554.999638
51.14285155.597883
51.1692656.136761
51.2254956.620014
51.32312657.050804
51.39512257.585608
51.42758258.132815
51.44599858.591084
51.54686859.002972
51.58098759.53122
51.64794360.017905
51.66605960.464194
51.72025360.945412
51.79517561.363093
51.88445461.781429
62.254036
62.619627
63.057114
63.467192
63.828946
64.19496
64.582012
64.957271
65.354229
65.605918
65.967941
66.257439
66.58891
66.882591
67.184587
67.382101
67.542415
67.671714
67.734378
67.878338
67.996737
68.070571
68.238302
68.30121
68.393951
68.429091
68.497921
68.553919
68.615043
68.609481
68.691399
68.68087
68.760793
68.801682
68.863216
68.871422
68.907255
68.870781
68.924321
68.977124
68.946854
68.950601
68.933432
68.947444
68.956048
69.00819
69.025596
69.035778
69.03275
69.048969
69.066209
69.132889
69.120969
69.138253
69.163121
69.187598
69.146979
69.174156
69.212138
69.242261
69.255305
69.262567
69.278017
69.272095
69.298394
69.301679
69.354443
69.349593
69.383443
69.365119
69.394061
69.416087
69.420527
69.419423
69.478834
69.532997
69.504036
69.500052
69.51638
69.542364
69.596527
DOPC
GM1/DOPC/DPPC
GM1
Aera per molecule [sq. / molecule]
Surface pressure [mN/ m]
Sheet1
MolAreaPressMolAreaPressMolAreaPress
123.857265-0.019806123.9364320.048719241.989483-0.057666
123.857265-0.02815123.9341490.080269241.692774-0.001488
123.858025-0.023437123.9333880.043442241.4687590.013326
123.858784-0.036104123.9333880.086609241.130511-0.002258
123.857265-0.018494123.9341490.071772240.9406170.008738
123.856506-0.06175123.9333880.094869240.6394580.027049
123.858025-0.023616123.9295850.066777240.3575840.029622
123.855747-0.041354123.9303450.065413240.0608750.039009
123.705403-0.01711123.9318670.047771239.7641660.016784
123.5687270.001005123.7896070.073565239.4971290.014288
123.4077530.025051123.6549540.066501239.1811330.054253
123.2520940.026562123.5096510.042238239.0045920.062119
123.170847-0.010649123.4054290.029937238.5966170.067085
123.0053170.009605123.2502360.059425238.4274930.00043
122.867882-0.004886123.101890.057696238.0625420.02456
122.716779-0.019595122.9527840.086987237.835560.014705
122.5801030.044614122.8173710.104795237.5388510.028102
122.4411490.008453122.6918470.106787237.2139550.004619
122.3310490.016182122.5153530.101305236.9469160.027794
122.1138860.0125122.3860260.124614236.6502080.001488
122.028843-0.012506122.2353980.08399236.3757520.002643
121.8686280.016829122.0931370.131178236.0553070.019325
121.7319520.038242121.9584850.118672235.8757970.01432
121.5785710.018724121.8276370.12343235.473757-0.017734
121.4335420.07375121.6557070.113369235.313534-0.024207
121.2763640.090163121.5104040.098391234.9634180.014705
121.1222240.087268121.3681440.086193234.6355540.005646
120.9939010.070292121.2015410.053073234.4530790.004889
120.8230550.095055121.0638450.085648234.128182-0.007879
120.6985280.074103120.9025660.085424233.941256-0.01423
120.5216090.040983120.7983440.051901233.536249-0.031592
120.4388440.039043120.6652130.080481233.3849270.006333
120.277870.05046120.5145850.060834233.0882180.051353
120.144990.007089120.3624350.079021232.7915090.054452
119.9855350.008709120.235390.077676232.4948-0.006288
119.831394-0.003919120.06270.085962232.233698-0.017759
119.7349620.046599119.9630420.084047231.9028670.019556
119.5329850.106274119.7705720.079584231.741160.087782
119.4517390.074455119.626030.09941231.4414840.09824
119.2998760.077458119.5256120.082703231.1581270.137762
119.1502920.072149119.3727010.085168230.8629030.079634
118.9961510.020825119.2213120.089074230.5661940.111047
118.9035160.046823119.0790520.074026230.2828370.131956
118.7197620.061116118.984720.072201229.9787110.129524
118.5808080.056813118.8158330.048258229.8214540.139302
118.4631150.07644118.6887880.048892229.5247450.148977
118.3127710.037243118.5366380.086602229.2324880.148188
118.1609090.037666118.3882930.087345228.9342950.13381
118.025751-0.01355118.2521190.047028228.7236320.131186
117.930837-0.030308118.1562640.059009228.3898340.159551
117.7630290.007992118.0010720.043032228.1791710.167821
117.62939-0.009368117.8839170.062499227.8171870.199201
117.478288-0.006711117.7264410.04585227.5026750.181519
117.379577-0.046958117.5849420.037192227.3009130.207407
117.218603-0.029098117.4647440.035828227.0056870.216627
117.064463-0.049077117.3194410.050102226.7045280.202884
116.940695-0.050928117.1672910.055936226.412270.219039
116.79111-0.072386117.0166630.049871226.1155610.214497
116.642285-0.021888116.8766850.048988225.8188520.196275
116.490423-0.035527116.7161680.058375225.596320.216646
116.341598-0.006007116.6134660.089394225.2699410.236003
116.1897360.033478116.4613170.028304224.9405950.246884
116.0993770.011187116.3076450.057889224.7403160.231563
115.909550.035041116.1752750.06362224.3679460.252966
115.8055240.000877116.0216040.066367224.1869550.24972
115.6301230.024282115.8732580.086609223.8561240.246525
115.5033170.065234115.7218690.068083223.595020.278912
115.3514550.061936115.5735230.040023223.2968280.281581
115.2011120.045799115.4213730.034272223.004570.272529
115.048490.057402115.3232370.018795222.7464330.311069
114.8958680.072233115.1703260.054533222.4170860.308297
114.7743790.055404114.9892680.054021222.1693340.322701
114.6172010.058119114.8835240.039222221.8281190.327442
114.4949520.085917114.7192020.07295221.6649290.340665
114.3218290.103354114.5807460.073385221.3652530.294105
114.2124870.100261114.4285970.003253221.0715120.300534
114.0606250.089394114.3076380.013704220.7733190.305295
113.9095220.095619114.1341870.032351220.4780940.29723
113.757660.090163114.0406150.105435220.1813850.296364
113.6050380.068211113.8694470.071848219.9054460.318691
113.4607690.077304113.7431620.093461219.5953850.285534
113.3020730.094799113.5834060.09608219.4366460.29739
113.1995660.075063113.4365810.095465219.0746620.326878
113.0203680.062909113.2882350.100312218.8432280.338099
112.9216580.060559113.1345640.109655218.5494870.360446
112.7675170.033734112.9945860.072233218.1741510.409489
112.6171730.049929112.8310250.053893217.9560690.440433
112.4622740.012474112.7108270.060322217.6460090.389523
112.3142080.050614112.5457440.08714217.3656190.400815
112.1623460.080602112.4384790.079053217.0674270.422295
112.0104830.057812112.267310.094728216.7914870.437129
111.8624180.045639112.144830.140687216.4947780.452937
111.7082780.016163111.9881160.150562216.3167530.436102
111.6224750.015606111.8420520.158745215.9814720.440106
111.4410.026998111.6899020.145797215.6728950.450936
111.3271030.019192111.5377520.131325215.4266260.490381
111.1722030.065778111.3894070.155127215.1299180.461766
111.0233780.075447111.2349750.165495214.8406260.434081
110.8722750.087217111.1086910.115009214.5439190.464152
110.7188940.114471110.9466510.151356214.2486930.457756
110.569310.070356110.8523180.164893213.95050.501673
110.4166880.061961110.6918010.231273213.7561570.534747
110.2959580.072021110.549540.207093213.3941710.529235
110.116760.08422110.3943480.207195213.1983440.588191
110.0317170.065522110.2756710.189899212.8185570.580101
109.8813730.057479110.1128710.191929212.5530020.591932
109.7325490.046471109.9417020.220489212.2933820.566217
109.5806860.005481109.8184610.20197211.9299130.585541
109.4447690.024603109.65490.21867211.7251850.571895
109.288351-0.001562109.5598060.192332211.409190.56768
109.1926780.009426109.4061350.174537211.133250.591784
109.026388-0.023898109.2570290.12836210.8350580.589083
108.830486-0.011014109.1033580.162216210.54280.540457
108.744684-0.019582108.9550110.118435210.2460910.564523
108.567764-0.011065108.7990580.084681209.9449320.544865
108.4417180.019864108.6476690.057479209.7639390.611898
108.2860590.006096108.5099730.065637209.3782180.627476
108.1379940.023514108.3426090.061347209.1764560.655237
107.9861310.038063108.2353440.048731208.810020.572812
107.8509740.037698108.0717830.046234208.6052920.583187
107.6877220.039651107.9599520.080429208.3011640.583642
107.5472490.073622107.7963910.113651208.0163240.56179
107.3862750.043596107.6579350.13787207.7121980.577406
107.2290970.021747107.5035030.148948207.4080710.659761
107.1478510.037122107.3528750.173077207.1261980.589859
106.9701730.003023107.2014870.176611206.8294890.579818
106.841849-0.056915107.0485760.128456206.532780.626045
106.687708-0.022951106.8987080.104475206.2449730.67471
106.541920.017303106.7450370.124845205.9616160.651831
106.3695570.000461106.595170.129833205.6426540.594883
106.239715-0.078848106.4414990.198589205.3949020.593869
106.086334-0.002638106.310650.15961205.0551710.592394
105.934471-0.02541106.1508930.195874204.7925830.677372
105.7848860.045606106.0580810.15708204.489940.703081
105.6330250.008837105.9006070.145644204.3000470.688119
105.490274-0.006359105.75150.151605203.9736660.698153
105.3346150.011706105.6023930.140802203.7140460.718755
105.209329-0.009753105.4517650.129449203.414370.752637
105.027094-0.032582105.2996150.153405203.1146950.782074
104.923068-0.034631105.1429010.150101202.8105680.795265
104.734758-0.022285104.9953160.115201202.4990240.744707
104.576063-0.028304104.8431660.13153202.2305020.738837
104.482667-0.009048104.6963420.133419201.9145080.801347
104.3239710.017571104.5388660.125101201.6474690.812652
104.188054-0.011226104.4110610.150325201.3403760.859064
104.0217650.003612104.237610.15781201.0718550.866064
103.885848-0.006103104.1387130.148628200.7543760.84731
103.7339860.005814103.9439620.13381200.4725030.860033
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Sheet2
Sheet3
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AFM images for GM1a/DOPC/DPPC (1:9:9) monolayers
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AFM images for GM1a/DOPC/DPPC (1:9:9) monolayers on physiologycal saline a) 15 mN/mb) 25 mN/mc) 30 mN/md) 40 mN/m
Subphase: 157 mM NaCl
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AFM images for hybrid bilayers of GM1a/DOPC/DPPC (1:9:9) a) 15 mN/mb) 20 mN/mc) 25 mN/md) 30 mN/mFirst layer: DPPESubphase: 157 mM NaCl
Second layer:GM1:DOPC:DPPC=1:9:9Subphase: 2.0 mM NaCl
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Self-assembly by surface pressureGM1a/DOPC/DPPC ternary monolayer and hybrid bilayer obviously shows GM1-rafts.
The raft was associated, separated and associated again, according to increase of surface pressure.
The association of rafts causes enzyme-localization on signal transduction.
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2. Reconstruction of transmembrane protein
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A novel method of AquaporinZ incorporation via binary-lipid Langmuir monolayersThe incorporation of Histidine-tagged AquaporinZ by Nickel chelating lipids is investigated with LangmuirBlodgett technology for the first time. Detergent removal by BioBeads in the LangmuirBlodgett system is studied. AquaporinZ and detergent interaction during protein insertion is elaborated and a protein incorporation mechanism is proposed.Guofei Suna, Hu Zhoub, Yi Li a, Kandiah Jeyaseelanc, Arunmozhiarasi Armugamc, Tai-Shung Chung, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 89 (2012) 283 288.
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GM3/CD9/CD81 complexThe complex regulates cell growth, proliferation.The complex regulates also cancer cell proliferation.
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Surface pressure vs. area per molecule isotherms for GM3/DPPC/DOPC(1:9:9) ternary monolayer
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AFM images for GM3/DOPC/DPPC (1:9:9) monolayersSurface pressure: 10 mN/m
9 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 20 mN/m
9 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 30 mN/m
8 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 40 mN/m
9 images / 9 points
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Cross-sectional study of raftsSurface pressure: 10 mN/m
Hight: 0.90.1 nmSurface pressure: 20 mN/m
Hight: 0.80.1 nm, 2.10.2 nmSurface pressure: 30 mN/m
Hight: 0.50.2 nm, 1.70.5 nm
Surface pressure: 40 mN/m
Hight: 0.50.2 nm, 1.60.3 nm
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Proposed structure of ganglioside raftMica plateDOPC rich domainDPPC rich domain (about 1 nm)GM3 rich domain (about 2 nm)
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AFM images for hybrid bilayers of GM3/DOPC/DPPC (1:9:9)Surface pressure: 10 mN/m
6 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 20 mN/m
7 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 30 mN/m
6 images / 9 pointsSurface pressure: 40 mN/m
5 images / 9 points
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Cross-sectional study of raftsSurface pressure: 10 mN/m
Hight: 6.30.7 nm, 11.50.4 nm Surface pressure: 20 mN/m
Hight: 6.70.6 nm, 12.50.2 nmSurface pressure: 30 mN/m
Hight: 6.20.4 nm, 11.70.5 nmSurface pressure: 40 mN/m
Hight: 6.50.5 nm, 11.20.3 nm
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Proposed structure of ganglioside raftDPPC rich domain (about 7 nm)
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Reconstruction of tetraspanin (CD9) into lipid bilayerThe hybrid bilayer was kept in CD9 solution (2 mg/ml) for 5 min.Surface pressure: 30 mN/m
5 images / 9 points were changed.Surface pressure: 40 mN/m
2 images / 9 points were no change.
7 images / 9 points were changed.
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Cross-sectional study of rafts reconstructed by tetraspaninSurface pressure: 30 mN/m
Hight: 6.10.5 nm, 11.71.1 nm Surface pressure: 30 mN/m
Hight: 6.10.5 nm, 16.40.9 nm Surface pressure: 40 mN/m, 2 / 9
Hight: 6.40.5 nm, 11.30.8 nm Surface pressure: 40 mN/m, 7 / 9
Hight: 6.40.5 nm, 15.61.7 nm
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Proposed structure of ganglioside raft with tetraspaninMica plateDOPC rich domainGM3 rich domain (about 12 nm) +tetraspanin(about 17 nm)tetraspaninDPPC rich domain (about 7 nm)
*