RECONSTRUCTIONPeriod of time between

1865 and 1876 which was an attempt to mend the rift between

the North and the SouthGoal 3

Part VI

Three Plans for Reconstruction

• President Lincoln: “With malice toward none, with charity for all…to bind up the nation’s wounds…”

• President Johnson: “To bring the common farmer to power in the South, without equal rights for blacks.”

• Radical Republicans: to take vengeance upon the South and provide equal rights to the freedmen.

Lincoln’s Plan• An indivisible nation prevailed

• Since secession was illegal, the south never really left the Union

• Quickly restore the Union

• Not to punish the citizens of the Confederate States of America (CSA)

• Referred to as the 10% plan

Self Assessment1. What was Lincoln view on the secession of the

Southern States?

2. How did Lincoln want to deal with the Southern States?

3. What is this plan known as?

4. Why wasn’t Lincoln’s Plan implemented?

Andrew Johnson’s Plan

• Johnson was regularly at odds with the Radical Republicans in Congress over the issue of civil rights for freedmen

• Johnson’s Plan called for each Southern State taking an oath to the Union and recognizing the 13th Amendment. Under this plan Johnson would decide when the Southern States could fully participate in the Union.

• Johnson became the first President to be impeached

• Because of the failure in removing him a tradition was started regarding impeached Presidents

Self Assessment

1. Why was Johnson chosen as the seceding President?

2. What position did he hold in the Tennessee? Why didn’t Southerners respond respectfully towards Johnson? What did this disrespect eventually led to?

3. What is a Scalawag?

Radical Republican Plan (Wade-Davis Bill)

• Their entrance into power was enabled by Lincoln’s assassination

• Congress was more punitive toward the South

• Secession states should not be allowed back into the Union easily and every citizens should be held accountable for treason

• Supported Military occupation of South

• Advocated voting rights to freedmen

Self Assessment1. What did 2 things did the Radical Republicans

advocate and implemented into the Southern States?

2. The Radical Republicans led by Thaddeus Stevens, responsible for the impeachment of President Johnson had a different view on how to deal with the people within the secession states. Why did the radical republicans want to impeach Johnson?

3. How did the South respond to this action?

The Civil Rights Act of 1866

• It provided freed slaves and poor whites:1. Food2. Medical assistance3. Legal aid4. Established schools5. Supervised labor issues6. Protected blacks from violence

The Freedman’s Bureau 1865

• Granted full civil rights to people of color

The Tenure of Office Act• Prevented the President from interfering

with Congressional Reconstruction Plans.

Self Assessment1. How did Johnson respond to the Freeman’s Bureau?

2. How did The Radical Republicans respond?

3. What all did the Tenure of Office Act do regarding the President’s Participation within the Reconstructions plans?

4. After the Radical Republicans vetoed Johnson they tried to have him removed from office, so they could have even more control over the executive branch powers, but what happened?

Three Civil War Amendments:

• 13th: Slavery was abolished permanently in the U.S.

• 14th: Defined citizenship and forced States to recognize rights of freedmen (due process of law).

• 15th: Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude” (former slaves)

End of Reconstruction:

• The end of the Reconstruction followed the close of the election of Rutherford Hayes in 1876

• Radical Republicans agreed to end reconstruction & military occupation in exchange for their presidential candidate of their choosing

• This agreement was known as the “Compromise of 1877”

Effects on Freed Slaves:

• Temporary political gains and no economic gains.

• Opened the door to the “Jim Crow Era”

• Segregation laws and economic laws were passed to keep freedmen in a separate an lower class

• Grandfather clause, poll taxes and literacy tests were used to prevent African Americans living in the South from voting!

Self Assessment

1. Essentially what did the role of the Radical Republicans have on the south socially?

2. What as the purpose of the Jim Crow laws and Black Codes?

3. What were the 3 Jim Crow Laws?

Controversial film showing rise of “Jim Crow” South

Exodusters: leaving for a better life

View of Segregation in South

Resistance to Radical Republicans leads to Social Rebellion

Self Assessment• Because Reconstruction did not work as it was intended,

most moderate Republicans shifted their views towards those held by the Radical Republicans, thus the South responded through resistance:

1. What organization began to rise as the Social group that would maintain the Social Order of the Old South?

2. What were the Black Codes?

3. What were Jim Crow Laws?