Reconstruction

• Rebuilding a Nation• 1865-1877

Men of Honor

• Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction called for what?

• Reconciliation-• The reestablishment of friendly relationships.

Men of Honor

• ________ would be granted to anyone willing to take a pledge of loyalty and follow slavery laws.

• Amnesty-• The act of forgiving people who broke the law.

Abraham Lincoln

• Reconstruction plan called for what?• Reconciliation• What was more important than punishing the

South?• Preserving the Union

Robert E. Lee• Lee knew that the only way to have lasting

peace was to what?• Reconcile with northerners at the end of the

war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight.

• What did Lee do after the war?• Became President of Washington College.

Washington and Lee College today.

Frederick Douglass• What did Frederick Douglass fight for?• For the adoption of constitutional

amendments that guaranteed voting rights. 15th Amendment.

• Frederick Douglass was a powerful voice for what?

• Human rights and civil liberties.

The Man After Lincoln• What happened at Ford’s Theater in

Washington, D.C.?• President Lincoln was assassinated by John

Wilkes Booth.• Who became President after Lincoln?• His Vice President Andrew Johnson.

The Man After Lincoln• “Black Codes”-• Laws used to control freedman and enable

plantation owners to exploit African American workers.

• For example they took away voting rights.

Reconstruction Policies and Problems• Southern military leaders could not hold

office.• African Americans could hold public office.• Northern soldiers supervised the South.

Hope Grows• The years following the Civil War are known as

what?• Reconstruction-• The years between 1865 and 1877 when the

nation reunited and rebuilt after the war ended.

Hope Grows• The U.S. Government created an agency

known as what?• The Freedmen’s Bureau-• An agency to help African Americans make the

transition from slavery to freedom.

Your Land, My Land, Your Land• Each African American family claimed what?• 40 acres, farm tools, and a mule.• What happened to freedmen’s land?• It was given back to former plantation owners.• Sharecroppers- a farmer who pays for using a

piece of land with a portion of a crop grown on that land.

Equal Under The Law?• Civil Rights Act of 1866-• Granted full citizenship to African Americans

and gave the federal government the power to intervene in state affairs to protect their rights.

• These rights don’t include what?• The right to vote.

The Freedmen’s Bureau: 1865-1868• What did the Freedmen’s Bureau do?• Helped build schools and kept a watch on

African American and white planters working arrangements.

• Carpetbaggers-• A person from the North who came to the

South to help newly freed slaves.

A Shaky Solution

• What did congress do to make sure the Civil Rights Act would not be repealed?

• They added the 14th amendment to the constitution.

All Created Equal?

• The 13th Amendment did what?• It banned slavery in the U.S. and all of its

territories.• Amendment-• A change or addition to the U.S. Constitution.

Freedom From Fear• 14th Amendment-• Grants citizenship to all persons born in the

U.S. and guarantees them equal protection under the law.

• Only one former confederate state ratified this amendment, which was it?

• Tennessee

The Right to Vote

• 15th Amendment-• Ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless

of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude.

A Door Slams Shut• Who won the election of 1877?• Rutherford B. Hayes• How did he win?• By promising to withdraw all remaining

federal troops from the South.• Reconstruction ended in 1877 because of this

compromise. (the compromise of 1877)

You Cannot Vote• Voters sometimes had to pay what?• Poll taxes• Votes also had to take what?• “understanding tests”• These are examples of “black codes” which

limited economic and physical freedom of former slaves.

The Spread of Jim Crow• Plessy v. Fergusson-• Supreme court case that ruled separate but

equal to be constitutional. This made segregation legal.

• Separate facilities were used for whites and blacks: schools, restrooms, drinking fountains, pools, public transportation.

The Hate Groups• Supremacy-• A belief that a person or group is better than

others because of a trait such as skin color, culture, or religion.

• KKK-(Ku Klux Klan) used violence and intimidation to have control or “white power”