reconstruction where do we begin??. 1 st : should the south be... or punished forgiven
TRANSCRIPT
Reconstruction
Where do we begin??
1st: Should the South be . . .
OR
PUNISHEDFORGIVEN
2nd: Since S. states seceded from the Union did they now need to be formally READMITTED into the Union?
• Presidential Plan: It is not possible to secede from the Union so the confederate states never officially seceded so they DID NOT need to be READMITTED into the Union
• Congressional Plan: It is possible to secede from the Union so the confederate states did officially secede and DID need to be READMITTED into the Union
3rd: What support/aid would freedmen receive in their adjustment from slavery to freedom?
4th: How would confederate political and military leaders be dealt with?
The 2 plans were:
• #1: The Presidential Plan – created by President Lincoln, but implemented by President Andrew Johnson
• #2: The Congressional Plan – created by the Radical Republicans in Congress
Presidential Plan
Instituted April 1865
RR believe nothing is
different in the South under the Pres. Plan
RR Plan InstitutedDecember
1865
The 2 Plans: Side by SidePunish or Forgive??
Presidential Plan
• Plan that treated the South with leniency to forgive and move forward– Offered leaders amnesty and
pardon– Created a simple procedure for
reestablishing state governments– Allowed South to send traditional
representatives to Washington– No support given to Freedmen –
states should handle this on their own
– States had to ratify 13th
Congressional Plan
• Plan that demanded the South be punished and the war justified– Refused to seat new
Congressmen from the South– Established Joint Committee on
Reconstruction to investigate– Passed Civil Rights Act– Extended the Freedmen’s Bureau– Established military occupation
of the South (5 military districts)– States had to ratify 13th, 14th, and
15th Amendments
The Battle Begins:President Johnson V. Congressional Republicans
RADICAL
The Battle:
Congress passes
extension of funding for F.B. and the Civil Rights
Act
President
Johnson vetoes both.
Congress overrides
veto & Johnson
loses support of Moderates
More of the Battle:
Legislature• The job of the Legislative
branch is to:
• M A K E L A W S
Executive• The job of the Executive
branch is to:
• E N F O R C E L A W S
And so the battled continued:President Johnson:
Chose to not enforce the Civil Rights Act
and to not provide the funds for the
Freedmen’s Bureau
Congress’ anger
towards Pres. builds
Without enforcement of Civil Rights Act the rights of freedmen
continued to be violated by Southerners
Without the extension of the funding for the F.B. the resources to help blacks
adjust to freedom were limited at best and non-existent at worst.
The battle rages on Johns
on refuses to enfor
ce Civil Rights Act and
extension of
funding for F.B.
The South continues
to violate the rights
of freedmen since there is no enforcement of the Civil Rights Act
These violations led to the creation of
the 14th Amendment
And on . . .
Congress passes 14th
Amendment
14th Amendment now needs to be ratified by ¾ of
the state legislatures
Johnson convinces 10
Southern states to refuse to ratify 14th
Amendment
RR make states ratify 14th Amendment in
order to be reinstated into the Union
The Congressional Plan wins
• What motivated them to create their own plan?– Believed none of the post war goals were being
met– No equal citizenship or economic independence
for freedmen– Republicans risked losing power in Congress if
they did not act quickly – why?
The Congressional Plan
• Leaders: Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner