recycling in hotels & motels
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A Guide For Hotel and Motel Recycling Managers
Jo M. Townsend
Energy Extension Agent, IVHotel and Motel Energy Program
Energy Extension Service
University of Florida
Cooperative Extension Service
in cooperation with the
Florida Energy Office, Department of Community AffairsFlorida Department of Environmental Protection
Keep Florida Beautiful
andFlorida Hotel and Motel Association
December, 1993
Copyright, 1993 University of FloridaPrinted on Recycled Paper
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September 1993
To Members of Florida's Hospitality Industry:
Reducing waste is the number one priority in Florida's SolidWaste Management Plan. Conscientious efforts have been made by
all segments of the population to generate less waste. Thebusiness sector stands to gain twofold. First, there will be areduction in disposal costs; and second, there will be aformation of a positive environmental image in the community.Ms. Carol Browner, the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency and former Secretary of Florida's Departmentof Environmental Regulation, was quoted as saying, "The uniquething going on in Florida is the growing consciousness thatgood environment is good business."
As one of Florida's largest industries, the Hotel and Motel
Industry can make a significant impact on waste reduction andrecycling. By using its purchasing power, your industry canspur the sale of recycled products.
I would like to acknowledge the Hotel and Motel Industry fortaking the necessary steps toward informing and educating otherswithin their industry of the importance of source reduction and
recycling. Both the Florida Hotel and Motel Industry Recyclingand EcoPurchasing projects and the Florida Hotel and MotelEnergy Management Program are examples of how one of the largerindustries in our state has addressed Florida's environmentalrequirements. One of our central challenges is to protect ournatural resources for tomorrow with sound management practicestoday.
With kind regards, I am
Sincerely,
LAWTON CHILES
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HOSPITALITY SQUARE 200 WEST COLLEGE AVENUEPOST OFFICE BOX 1529 TALLAHASSEE, FLORIDA 32302-1529904-224-2888 WATS 800-476-FHMA FAX 904-222-FHMA
August, 1993
A SPECIAL MESSAGE TO FLORIDA'S LODGING COMMUNITY
Florida's picturesque land, waters and shores are major factors in our state's economicgrowth, especially in tourism which now brings some $38 billion annually to the economy.Protecting the environmental quality of these valued assets is important to all business and
industry sectors, particularly to those who depend on it for their livelihood. Themanagement of waste is one aspect of environmental quality to which the Florida hotel andmotel industry is most sensitive. In support of this effort, the lodging industry has a "jumpstart" in recycling and source reduction.
The Florida Hotel & Motel Association actively supports and is involved in research andeducational program development by the University of Florida to assist our industry inimplementing Recycling and Source Reduction Programs designed specifically for ourindustry and the millions of annual visitors it serves.
Our Hotel/Motel Recycling and EcoPurchasing programs demonstrate our commitment to
environmental stewardship. We challenge all hotel/motel/resort properties in Florida tojoin and continue in this most worthy effort.
ThomasA. WaitsPresident
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I wish to thank the people of the Hotel Industry for their contribution to this recycling
guide. First, I am grateful to the many hotel managers and engineers who provided facilities
and employees for the hotel/motel recycling pilot project. The procedures in this guide
were first developed and tested with these properties and then improved through work done
subsequently with many other hotels.
These hotel General Managers and Engineers were responsible for overseeing their
respective programs: Tom Fultz, General Manager and Octavio Restrepo, Director of
Engineering, Altamonte Springs Hilton and Towers; Keith Showers, Assistant Manager,
Comfort Inn at Lake Buena Vista; John Steele, Director of Engineering, Hilton at Walt
Disney World Village; and Hal Horton, General Manager and Mark Dunham, Chief Engineer,Holiday Inn, Orlando International Airport; Dennis Ward, Director of Engineering Hyatt
Orlando; Jack Hardin, Resident Manager and Bill Smith, Chief Engineer, Twin Towers
Hotel and Convention Center. Project management and coordination with the Central Florida
Hotel and Motel Associationwas by Marilynn MacKinnon and then by Bill Watson, ExecutiveDirectors.
The following recycling industry leaders also provided valuable information and
assistance: Ivan Lawyer, Executive Director and Pat Harris, Regional Director, Florida
Business and Industry Recycling Program; David Baker, Executive Director, Glass Recycling
Program and Suzette Miller, Regional Recycling Manager, Steel Recycling Institute. The
following Recycling Coordinators provided assistance in organizing the program and with
the recycling of telephone books: Jim Becker, Orange County; Sherry Newkirk, Seminole
County and Octavio Serrano, City of Orlando. Materials were transported by Florida Garbage
Service, Industrial Waste Service, Walt Disney World Recycling and processed by Paper
Stock Dealers, Orlando Waste Paper Company, Southeast Recycling Corporation, GriffinIndustries, Robert Wallick Associates, Walt Disney World Recycling and Recycle America
of Orange County.
Recycling Managers of the Florida Pilot Hotel and Motel Recycling Project
L to R: Mark Dunham, Octavio Restepro, Jack Hardin, Keith Shores, John Steele and Dennis Ward
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Leaders in Floridas Hospitality Industry are concerned about the environment and realize
that they must do their part to protect Floridas natural resources. Visitors to our stateexpect to find clean, beautiful beaches and lakes, fish in the waters, shells on the beaches,
birds in the trees and clear bright skies. Floridas hotel and motel industry has been a leader
in resource management, actively participating in energy conservation since the early 1980s.
In 1988, the Florida Legislature passed the Solid Waste Management Act mandating a
statewide recycling goal of 30% by the end of 1994. The hospitality industry responded byjoining the Florida Energy Extension Service to conduct a recycling pilot project with six
hotels in the Orlando area. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the impact of hotel
waste recycling on the amount of waste being disposed in Florida landfills, design systems
to recycle in hotels and motels and develop educational media to assist hotel management
in organizing their recycling programs. Participating hotels were:
Altamonte Springs Hilton & Towers
Comfort Inn at Lake Buena Vista
Hilton at Walt Disney World Village
Holiday Inn International Airport
Hyatt Resort-Orlando
Twin Towers Hotel and Convention Center
A waste audit conducted in the six properties indicated that waste generation in guest
rooms varied from 1/2 to 28 1/2 pounds of waste per day. Other departments in the hotels
also generated large quantities of recyclable materials. During the project, a large conventionproperty generated 7 to 8 1/2 tons of waste per day. The amount of waste was influenced by
the number of occupants per guest room, the type of hotel property and the type of activities
in the hotel. The results of the pilot project indicated that Floridas Hospitality Industry cansave energy, have a positive impact on the environment and save thousands of dollars inwaste hauling and tipping fees at landfills. One hotel in the pilot project saved about 1.24
billion BTU of energy in six months by recycling. This reduction in energy use preventedalmost 5000 tons of pollutants and greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere. With
approximately 5,000 hotel and motel properties with 300,000 guest rooms in Florida, savingenergy has enormous implications for the states environment. In addition to these benefits,
hotel managers report that most guests are pleased to see the hotel recycling and are willing
to participate in the hotels recycling program.
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The project was supported by a grant from the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection to the Central Florida Hotel and Motel Association. Co-finding was provided by
the Florida Energy Extension Service (FEES) and Florida Cooperative Extension Service
(FCES) through provisions of project personnel and technical support. This project wasconducted as an integral part of the Florida Hotel and Motel Energy Management Programof the FEES which receives support from the Florida Energy Office, Department of
Community Affairs and the Florida Hotel & Motel Association.
This guide derives from the pilot project, additional years of experience gained from
field implementation of the program co-funded by the Department of Environmental
Protection and suggestions from hotel and motel engineers who have organized recycling
programs.
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Each hotel and motel recycling program must be specifically designed to accommodate
the hotels procedures of operation, hotel activities and structural design. This guide, derived
from the pilot project and two years of additional experience, is designed to accompany a
video recently developed for the recycling program. Worksheets to assist in setting up a
hotel/motel recycling program are included in the appendices of this guide. A complete
educational module to assist hotel management in organizing a hotel recycling program is
available. The Hotel and Motel Recycling Module includes:
EcoPurchasing in Hotels and Motels Module is a companion to the Recycling InHotels and Motels, Module. The EcoPurchasing module provides information to assist
hotel purchasing managers in organizing a source reduction program. This module includes:
Hotel managers who are interested in energy, water and waste management programsmay write the Florida Energy Extension Service Office, University of Florida, P.O. Box
110940, Gainesville, FL. 32611. Self-help educational materials and videos produced by
the Florida Energy Extension Service are available for hotel owners and managers in
organizing and implementing energy management programs that employ recycling and
ecopurchasing. To order materials and videos contact:
Instructional Materials Service
University of FloridaP.0. Box 110540
Gainesville, FL 326 11-0540904-392-0502; Fax: 904-392-9585.
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Recycling is the process by which materials, otherwise destined for disposal, are collected
and used as raw materials for new products. Recycling prevents potentially useful materialsfrom being landfilled or combusted, thus saving energy and natural resources.
There are three steps in recycling:
collecting the recyclable components of solid waste,
processing them into reusable forms,
purchasing and using the goods made with reprocessed materials.
Hotel recycling programs focus on collecting recyclable materials from the hotels wastestream for recycling and purchasing products made from recycled content.
Recycling Symbol
The three arrows of the symbol represent the three stages necessary to recycle materials:collect, remake and reuse. Products made of recycled materials may have the symbol on a
black background displayed on the package or product. Products made of recyclable materials
display the symbol against a white background.
Made of
Recyclable Materials
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Made ofRecycled Materials
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Saving energy has a positive benefit to Floridas environment and recycling is an
important tool in conserving energy. When energy is saved, greenhouse gases and pollutants
such as nitrous and sulfur oxides associated with acid rain are reduced and ash disposal
problems are reduced.
Energy savings associated with commonly recycled materials were calculated, tabulated
and discussed below by H. J. Whiffen, former Energy Specialist at the Florida Energy
Extension Service.
Materials Gallons of KWh equivalent savedGasoline equivalent saved
per ton recycledper ton recycled
NewsprintOffice Paper
Cardboard Boxes
Glass
Plastic
Aluminum Cans
Steel Cans
108108
53
36
42
1,895
90
3,8383,838
1,875
1,289
19,279
64,166
3,193
Over a six-month time period, one property in the pilot project recycled almost 120 tons
of materials with an energy-saving value of over 1.25 billion Btu of energy. It takes 1.25
billion Btu of energy to make 125,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity. 125,000 kilowatt-hours
of electricity is the energy consumed by 1,250 100-watt light bulbs burning continuouslyfor almost 42 days.
The consumption of 1.25 billion Btu of energy from coal adds 125 tons of carbon dioxide,
a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. This energy consumption also places 3,340 pounds
of sulfur dioxide and 1,400 pounds of nitrous oxides into the atmosphere. Nitrous oxides
and sulfur dioxide contribute to the production of smog and acid rain.
Florida imports most of its energy resources. Energy conservation means that Floridas
economy is more efficient and less dependent on imported, depletable resources. Recycling
does more than save energy and resources; it reduces the pressure on other waste managementstrategies like landfilling and incineration, both of which have perceived and potentially
adverse economic and environmental impacts. At the same time, recycling reduces garbagehauling and tipping fees. The energy, environmental and economic benefits make recycling
a top-priority opportunity for a profit-oriented business.
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Hotel and motel owners, general managers, department managers and employees must
make a commitment to the hotels recycling program if it is to be successful. A successful
recycling program requires time, money and a positive attitude about recycling.
Research and evaluation of the hotels current waste disposal practices are needed beforethe recycling program can be developed. This can be accomplished through an employeeteam or committee who research the hotels waste handling practices. The Recycling Team
can then assist the hotels management in designing a recycling program to reduce the hotels
waste. The employee team approach has proven to be a successful method of addressing
energy management, safety and other programs in hotels. The following section discussesorganizing and implementing a hotel recycling program.
Inform the hotels owners and appropriate corporate managers of the hotels intentto organize a recycling program. Seek their commitment and financial support.
Appoint a Recycling Program Manager. In large hotel properties, a full time RecyclingProgram Manager may be needed.
Establish an accounting system that reflects monthly waste management costs. A
monthly report is needed for tracking waste disposal and recycling information.
Establish a budget for the recycling program. Funds are needed for purchasing
recycling containers and equipment. Additional funds are needed for employee
motivation programs.
Create employee interest in the hotels recycling program. Involve employees in the
initial stages of the program. Employees will take ownership of the program if they
have helped create it. Our program has a chance of succeeding, my program or
your program may not be successful.
Assist the Recycling Team in establishing the hotels
recycling goals. Post the goals on bulletin boards so all
employees are informed.
Meet with the Recycling Team periodically todemonstrate the companys commitment and to monitor
the programs progress.
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Inform the Recycling Program Manager of planned structural renovations and
equipment replacements. These activities may require special arrangements with
haulers and material processors.
Support the Recycling Teams decisions that make the program operate more
successfully. Changing waste disposal procedures may present problems for some
department managers and supervisors.
Incorporate recycling procedures in employee position descriptions. Include recycling
procedures in new employee orientation, employee training programs and staff
meetings.
Inform appropriate people in the hotels corporate structure of the programs progress.
Emphasize the savings in waste disposal costs, the conservation of natural,
nonrenewable resources and pollution prevention.
Inform employees of the programs progress. Place copies of monthly recycling
reports on employee bulletin boards and discuss in departmental staff meetings.
Develop an environmentally green marketing plan for the hotel. Work with the hotels
marketing company to highlight the hotels Recycling and EcoPurchasing programs
in all promotional materials.
Prepare news articles for hospitality journals to publicize the hotels environmental
programs.
The Recycling Program Manager is usually selected by the hotels General
Manager. The Recycling Program Manager needs to have leadership and
communications skills that motivate employees. Knowledge of the hotels wastedisposal practices and contract procedures would be helpful.
Meet monthly with the hotels General Manager to inform him/her of the recycling
programs progress.
Organize the hotels Employee Recycling Team to assist in developing andimplementing the recycling program. For the greatest success, involve employees
from all departments and work shifts. To involve more employees, establish a rotationsystem for Recycling Team members.
Work with management to establish a budget for program organization, equipment
purchases and employee motivational programs.
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Provide leadership to the Employee Recycling Team. Develop a plan of action which
includes meeting dates, activities, employee education, publicity and reports for
management and employees.
Develop a Recycling Team meeting schedule. Weekly meetings will be needed during
the first few weeks of organization the program. Once the program is implemented
and operating successfully, monthly meetings will be sufficient.
Post meeting announcements on employee bulletin boards so all employees are awareof the meetings. List the meeting dates with the hotels meeting planner so it will
appear on the hotels daily events television monitors for the public.
Work with the recycling materials processor to train the Recycling Team in recycling
materials preparation. The degree of preparation will vary with the different
processors.
Develop recycling procedures to complement the operational practices of the
hotel. Train employees in recycling procedures specific for the hotel and theirdepartments.
Research recycling container types and equipment prices before presenting the
information to the Recycling Team and Hotel Management. Forms to assist in
gathering this information are included in Appendix F.
Contact Intermediate Processors and Government Materials Recovery Facilities
for processing information. (See form in the Appendix E)
With the assistance of department managers and employees, design materials
collection and storage systems that complement employee work procedures. Seektheir input in selecting recycling collection containers for work stations in their
departments.
Issue bid invitations to waste haulers and intermediate processors for recycling
materials removal/hauling and processing. (See form in the Appendix E)
Work with the hotels General Manager and Public Information Manager to
prepare news releases for the hospitality industry publications and the media.
Issue bid invitations for purchasing and leasing recycling containers and
equipment.
Develop a monitoring program that addresses employee compliance in the hotels
recycling program. If one employee does not comply with the materials
preparation requirements of the processor, an entire load of materials may be
rejected.
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New programs are more successful when employees receive recognition for their ideas
and efforts. Management must be willing to commit resources and time to developing a
motivational program that creates the feeling that I am a part of a team and am appreciated.
Listed below are a few motivational rewards used by successful Hotel and Motel
Recycling Teams:
- certificate or trophy
- recognition in the hotels newsletter
- letters of appreciation from the hotels management
- dinner or party for the entire staff
- buttons, posters and tee shirts
- recognition for employees recycling ideas that are used.
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The Recycling Team represents employees from all departments and work shifts of the
hotel. Recycling team members may be volunteers, selected by management or elected by
co-workers. Establish a rotation system for recycling team members. Keep a few experienced
members on the team.
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When the recycling team is developing and carrying out the recycling program, it may
be necessary for the team to meet weekly. After the recycling program is in full operation,
monthly meetings will be adequate.
During the first two to three months, focus meeting agendas on organizing the recyclingprogram and training employees. When the recycling program is organized and operating
smoothly, focus meeting agendas on motivational programs and carrying out of employee
ideas and program publicity.
After the recycling program has been in place for five or six months, it is time to increasethe knowledge of recycling Team members and evaluate the services of the recycling
companies and hauler.
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If properly informed of the procedures, most hotel guests are pleased to see a recycling
program in hotels and are willing to participate in the recycling program.
To increase guest involvement in the recycling program, inform guests of the hotels
recycling program upon check-in. Provide them with information as to what their
involvement in the program should be. Recycling information cards are being placed in
guest rooms or given to guests as they check into the hotel. Also, place collection containers
in convenient locations near trash containers throughout the property.
Hotel managers report that most guests are please to see the hotel recycling and are
willing to participate in the hotels program. This awareness allows both the guest and the
hotel to participate in the growing interest in ecotourism. The recycling information on the
sample card below informs the guest that the hotel is recycling and informs them where to
leave their recyclable materials.
The following guest recycling information was developed by the Florida Energy
Extension Service, University of Florida for the Central Florida Hotel and MotelAssociations
Recycling Program. Guest Recycling Information cards are available from the University
of Florida. This card can be customized and printed with the hotels logo. Permission for
use of the Keep Florida Beautiful logo must be received from Keep Florida Beautiful,
Inc., Tallahassee.
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All hotels and motels have sufficient quantities of recyclable materials to justify recycling.
It has been established nationally by hotel/motel recycling programs that 50-65% of a hotels
waste is recyclable. The amount of recyclables generated in hotels/motels depends on the
following variables:
- hotel size and type
- hotel occupancy
- number and size of meal functions
- amount of lounge business
- number and type of conventions
- guest and employee activities
- purchasing practices of the hotel/motel
- number and type of businesses renting spaces in the hotel
Most hotels generate glass, paper, plastic, aluminum and steel in their daily operations.In addition, periodically there are bed linens, uniforms, cooking oils, furniture, televisions,
equipment, batteries, motor oil, paint, light bulbs, construction debris and landscaping waste
to be recycled.
Businesses renting spaces in hotels are often overlooked in recycling programs. The
number and type of businesses renting space in hotels have an impact on the volume of
waste to be disposed of by the hotel. The amount of waste created by a business should be
a consideration by the hotel when negotiating leasing contracts.
Before leasing space, consider the type of waste generated by the business and how they
plan to dispose of it. Cardboard and office paper are common recyclables with the types of
businesses found in hotels. If the tenants business produces hazardous waste, this waste
might be thrown into the hotels waste collection containers making the hotel responsible
for waste disposal problems. For example, a photography operation that develops film will
need to dispose of hazardous materials from the developing process.
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A waste audit identifies the types and approximate quantities of materials for recycling.
The audit helps select the size of containers needed for collecting and storing the recyclable
materials. The information is also helpful in estimating the savings from reduced waste
disposal costs. The amount of waste and recyclables produced in a hotel is affected by
variables that differ every day. An audit only produces information related to the waste and
recyclables generated on the day of the audit. Activities in the hotel such as type of
conventions, number of meals served, hotel occupancy affect the volume of recyclables on
a specific day.
The following Methods A and B are being used to estimate the amount of recyclable
materials being used by recycling professionals:
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Experience has proven that the estimate auditing method is as accurate as the sortingmethod and requires much less work. The variables associated with hotel operations make
a sorting type waste audit accurate for only the day of the audit. No two days will be alike.
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Before a hotel recycling program can be implemented,
a decision must be made about where the recyclable
materials are to be taken for processing. This decision can
make the difference between simply disposing ofrecyclables and receiving money for them. It also
determines the amount of material preparation required for
recycling. This important decision usually involves either
public or private processing facilities.
Research the options before deciding the disposal needs
of the hotels recycling program. The decision should be
made by the hotels management and not by waste haulers,
county or city government or companies who transport
recyclable materials.
Florida Law permits a business to choose where their recyclable materials are taken for
processing and how they are transported. To prevent these problems, recycling should not
be a part of commercial county or city franchising agreements with waste hauling companies.
Recyclable materials are considered commodities produced by the hotel, thus giving the
hotel the right to choose the method of disposal. Ownership of recyclable materials has
become an issue with businesses, recycling companies and local governments. This issue is
called flow control and is a significant matter presenting problems for commercial recycling
programs nationally.
An intermediate processor collects, consolidates, and prepares quantities of
recyclable materials for shipment to manufacturers. Some processing facilities are
owned and operated by mills or manufacturers. Processors offer different levels of
services. Some processors operate buy-back centers where materials are weighed
and payment is made for specific materials. Full service processors accept all
recyclable materials and may offer other services such as container leasing or loan
and materials transportation.
The following questions will help in gathering information when making
decisions for selecting a company to process the hotels recyclable materials. A form
is provided in Appendix F to help in organizing this information.
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Which recyclable materials does the processor accept?
Some processors accept all of the materials being recycled by hotels and motels.
These materials include office paper, newspaper, cardboard, steel, plastic,
aluminum and glass. In contrast, some processors only accept one or two select
materials. For example, an intermediate processor may recycle only aluminum
or office paper. To reduce truck traffic at the property, look for a processor who
accepts all of the recyclable materials.
What are the materials preparation requirements?
The degree of preparation will vary with the materials and with the processors.
Some processors require that materials be clean and sorted and others accept
clean commingled materials.
Does the processor pay the hotel/motel for the materials?
Some processors pay for clean, high quality recyclable materials. Receiving
payment for the materials should not be the motivating force for recycling;
however, if payment is received for the materials, it can help finance the recycling
programs start-up expenses and employee programs.
Ifthe processor pays for recyclable materials, establish how the price is determined
and how often payment is made. Provide the processor with the hotels name
and address so payments are not sent to the hauling company.
Does the processor provide collection and/or storage recycling
containers? Ifyes, are containers provided at no cost? How are old worn
out containers replaced?
Processors may provide free recycling containers with an exclusive agreement
for the materials.
Does the processor provide transportation for the materials? If yes, is
there a charge? What are the frequency and hours of materials pick-up?
There are processors who provide free transportation for materials. In Florida,
this has been a trend with mills and processors of newspaper, office paper,
aluminum and cooking oil. The transportation charges by waste hauling
companies are very competitive.
Are there charges for processing the recyclable materials?
Processors have not charged for processing the materials in the past. As they
invest in expensive equipment some have assessed fees for processing materials.Processors who receive recyclable materials at no cost to them, usually do not
charge for processing the recyclable materials.
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Does the processor provide the hotel with the weight ofrecyclable materials?
Material weights areofvalue in calculating the savings from the hotels recyclingprogram. Some processors estimate weights while others weigh the materials.
Weight receipts can help the hotel in record keeping for recycling materials
payment purposes. It can also be used in reporting and publicizing the hotelsrecycling program accomplishments. Request that the materials weight receipts
be delivered or mailed to you on the same day the materials are received forprocessing.
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A Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) accepts commingled recyclable materials for
processing. Most MRFs accept glass, plastic, paper, aluminum and steel materials.
Each operation is different, so contact the local MRF manager for information about
acceptable materials and the preparation required.
MRFs may be owned and operated by private industry or by city or county
governments. In Florida, some MRFs are owned by counties and operated by private
industry. MRFs may not pay for recyclable materials and occasionally there may be
sorting or processing fees. However, some privately owned MRFs pay for recyclables.
Investigate the rules and regulations governing hauling and tipping fees at MRFs in
your county before choosing a processor for the hotels recyclable materials.
Intermediate processors/recycling companies are listed in the yellow pages of
telephone directories. New companies or smaller companies may not be listed in the
yellow pages. Contact the local county or city recycling coordinator for a list of recycling
companies servicing your area and a copy of local recycling rules and regulations at the
County MRF.
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The Central Recycling Center (CRC) is an area where recyclable materials are stored at
the hotel facility until transported to a processor.
Consideration should be given to the location of the CRC. For convenience,
locate it outside the hotel near an employee service exit. Easy access to the container(s)
is needed for vehicles picking up and transporting the materials. The CRC is usually
located outside the hotel because of the amount of space required for containers.
Odors, insects and rodents are also reasons for locating CRCs outside. The hotels
design, space limitations and vehicle access may make it impossible to locate CRCs
conveniently.
Visibility of the CRC is a concern for some hotel management. They are concerned
with the visibility of recycling equipment and stored materials creating an undesirableappearance for the guests. However, guests are expressing interest in preserving the
environment and recycling is one way for the hotel to create a positive environmental
image. Well kept CRCs that are visible to guests create a positive image for the
hotel. Hotels that prohibit CRCs visibility are concealing the area with fences, walls
or landscaping. Local zoning ordinances may regulate the CRC location.
Equipment is needed in the CRC to prepare materials and store them until they
are hauled to the recycling materials processor. Equipment usually found in the CRC
are large storage containers such as a recycling roll-off container, and portable 92-
gallon containers or dumpsters. A baler is needed for cardboard. A large trash
container for disposing of non-recyclables should be placed in the CRC. If a trash
container is not available, non-recyclables may be thrown into recycling containers
or on the ground.
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Recycling Roll-off Containers
Large compartmentalized recycling roll-off
containers are very popular containers for hotel
CRCs. The unit may be compartmentalized for
sorted recyclables or simply one large compartment
for commingled materials. These recycling unitsare covered and have conveniently located sliding
doors. They are available in different sizes but a
word of CAUTION! To reduce the number of
times the container is hauled and/or emptied at
the processor, select a container as large as space permits. If the hotel is paying
for each container pull and processing fees, the savings from recycling is reduced
when containers are pulled too often or half full. Recycling roll-off containers are
available through waste hauling companies and some Intermediate Processors.
Recycling containers may be purchased or leased.
Recycling Dumpsters
Dumpster waste containers are commonly used at
smaller hotel/motel properties for storing waste.
They are now being used for storing specific
recyclable materials such as newspaper, cardboard
and office paper. The dumpster container is not big
enough for large hotels and will require more
frequent emptying, thus increasing the cost ofrecycling.
A recycling dumpster is emptied into a larger container on the back of a truck. The
dumpster is not removed from the hotel. Drivers may pick up materials from several
locations and dump them into the same container before hauling to the processor or
mill. This creates a question as to how the weights are determined. Weights of
recyclable materials in dumpsters are usually estimates. Materials are not weighed
before dumping into the large container on the truck. If the hotel expects payment
for recyclable materials, ask how the weights are determined.
If dumpster containers are used for collection of recyclable and waste materials, the
recycling dumpster needs to be painted a different color and labeled to prevent trash/
waste materials being thrown into the recycling container. Dumpster recyclingcontainers may be provided at no cost or may be leased or purchased from a waste
hauler or intermediate processor.
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Portable Storage Containers
Large 92-gallon portable rolling containers are thethird type ofcontainer used in CRCs for collecting
and storing materials. These containers are
convenient for small hotels/motels that recycle
only a few items such as aluminum cans and of ficepaper. Individual containers have limitations on
transportation and storage capacity. This smaller
container is usually transported by a recycling company or by a hotel vehicle.
Before making a final decision on storage containers for the hotels CRC, compare cost
benefits of container leasing and purchasing. A worksheet is included in Appendix F tohelp in the research ofstorage containers for the CRC.
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The first step in developing the recycling materials flow plan is to review the hotels
floor plan. Locate the storage spaces, hallways, equipment placement and employee traffic
patterns in all departments. From this information, decisions can be made on collection andstorage container placement and on the movement of recyclables through the hotel. The
movement paths should be the ones with the least amount of interference with hotel guests
and employee activities.
Placing Recycling Collection Containers
Involve employees in deciding where the recycling collection containers will be
located in their work areas. For greater employee participation in the recycling
program, locate collection containers in or near work areas where recyclables are
generated. This method is called collecting at the source or point of waste generation.
For example, place a recycling collection container near the can opener in the kitchen.
When cans are opened and emptied they can easily be placed in the appropriate
collection containers.
Hotel design, equipment placement and traffic patterns may prevent the containers
from being placed in convenient locations. If this is the case, place the containers as
close to the work area as possible.
To reduce the labor costs of recycling, handle recycling materials as few times
as possible. However, in offices it is necessary to add an intermediate collection
station. Paper collection should begin at each desk or work station. The full deskcontainers are then emptied into intermediate collection containers that are located
near the work area. At the end ofthe day or when the larger storage containers are
full, they should be emptied at the hotels Central Recycling Center (CRC).
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Once sites for recycling containers have been identified and storage containers
selected, establish a materials flow plan -- routes to move the recyclables to the
CRC. Developing a materials flow plan is a very important step in setting up the
recycling program. This establishes what materials are to be recycled at which
locations, where materials are to be stored, the collection containers to be used,which employees do the tasks and the direction the materials are to be moved through
the property.
By completing materials flow plan worksheets for every department and marking
the directions the materials are moved on a property floor plan, it is easy to identify
and prevent traffic problems with guests and employees. The materials flow plan
should start at the point where the recyclables are generated and continue until the
materials are placed in the container(s) in the CRC. Amaterials flow plan worksheet
is included in Appendix E
After the material collection points have been identified, it is time to choose the
smaller, movable containers where recyclables are first collected and stored. Match
the containers to materials to be collected and to the identified collection and storage
spaces throughout the property. Consider color coding the containers for specific
recyclable materials.
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Most hotel/motel recycling programs are designed to collect and store recyclable materials
until the materials are transported to a processor. However, if storage space is limited or
transportation fees are high, materials may need to be processed at the hotel to minimize the
space required to store them. Materials processing, except for cardboard, is not recommendedin hotel recycling programs.
A baler is the most frequently used recycling processing
equipment in hotel/motel recycling programs. The massive
amount ofcardboard produced in hotel/motel operations quickly
fills recycling roll-offs and dumpsters ifa baler is not used.
In Florida, baled cardboard is purchased by paper mills
and some processors. They pick up clean, baled cardboard at
the hotel and transport it to the mill at no cost to the hotel.
Thus, the hotel receives a waste disposal cost savings andfunds for the materials.
Economically, purchasing a baler is a wise choice for most hotels. Baling cardboard
reduces the number of times the recycling roll-off or recycling dumpster must be emptied.
Recycling baled cardboard provides a quick return on the investment in a baler. The savings
from recycling baled cardboard has paid for balers at hotels throughout the state.
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For a successful hotel recycling program, recycling materials collection and preparation
must become the responsibility of every employee in the hotel. The method of materials
collection and preparation depends on the degree of preparation required by the processor.
A small amount of preparation is required by all processors. It is easier and less time
consuming to prepare the recyclables at the source. As products are used or containers areemptied, they are placed in specific recycling collection containers. Before employees
begin collecting materials and placing them in recycling containers, provide training on
material preparation procedures. Even if the materials go to a MRF, some sorting and
preparation is required. Check with your Processor or MRF as to the degree of preparation
and sorting of recycled materials required before beginning the employee training program.
Request that the processor assist with the initial training for the Employee Recycling Team.
When evaluating how to collect and where to store recyclables, inquire about local
fire codes for storing paper and other materials at Intermediate and Central RecyclingCenters.
There are two ways ofstoring recyclables in hotels. This depends on the requirements
of the processor who is handling the hotels recyclable materials.
Sorted Materials
In a sorted materials recycling program, materialsare sorted by type. Steel, aluminum, plastic, paper
and glass are each stored in separate recyclingcontainers. These materials may be sorted further.
For example, glass is sorted by color into clear,
brown and green.
Commingled Materials
In a commingled recycling program, all the
recyclable materials are stored together. Office
paper is usually an exception. It must be kept cleanand dry, so it is stored separately. The commingled
materials are sorted and processed at a materials
recovery facility.
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The following recycling guidelines provides basic recycling information. Materials
preparation may be slightly different with each processor.
Cardboard is the most important material in a hotel/motel recycling
program.
Cardboard is produced in all departments of the hotel. All departments handle
a large volume of cardboard. Theres so much of it that, proportionately, it is the
largest part of recyclables in a hotels waste stream. Because of its bulk, cardboard
occupies a tremendous amount of space in waste containers and should be
removed from the hotels waste stream and recycled.
Hotels that provide daily newspapers for their guests add several tons to their
waste disposal costs monthly. Newspapers require no preparation if they are not
placed in bags or labeled with sticky labels.
Collect newspapers throughout the property. Place newspaper recycling
containers in dining rooms, pool areas and lobbies for guest participation in newspaper
recycling. Baskets make attractive recycling containers for inside areas. Waterproof
storage containers are needed outside in the CRC.
Involving guests in newspaper recycling reduces employee labor and informsthe guests of the hotels concern with the environment. It also provides a unique
form of advertising for the property, as tourists and others talk about the hotels
recycling program to their friends and business associates.
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Hotels/motels a generate considerable amount of office paper. However, it may
be less than other businesses because of the use of time-saving, non-recyclable self-
carbon forms. Self-carbon forms are used for reservation computers, guest folios,
food and drink inventories, purchase lists, convention planning, housekeeping records,
maintenance request, purchase orders and office memos. Many larger properties are
switching to computers and eliminating the cost of purchasing self carbon forms,
which are not recyclable at most processors.
Each department in the hotel generates recyclable office paper. Most of the
recyclable paper is computer, white ledger, copy paper, letterhead and envelopes.
In-coming mail is another source of recyclable paper. Convention hotels have boxes
of printed brochures and hand-out materials left from convention attendees and
exhibitors. Most ofthese materials can be recycled with office paper. Check with
your processor about accepting convention flyers and boxed materials.
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Glass is primarily generated in the Food and Beverage Department. A small
amount of glass may be generated from service bars in guest rooms. Most of the
glass is generated from beer, wine, liquor and food containers. Some processors
require that glass be sorted by color- clear, brown and green. Processors with
MRFs accept glass that is commingled. The glass is then color sorted by the
processor.
Aluminum and steel cans are abundant in hotels and motels. Soft drink and
juice machines are located throughout most properties. Steel cans are generated
in the kitchens and food preparation areas.
Recycle: Aluminum beverage cans, steel food cans, aerosol cans and paint cans.
Metal pipes, white goods (air conditioning units, refrigeration, etc.) motors,
aluminum window frames and lawn furniture are recyclable but need special
arrangements with processors.
Preparation: Empty and rinse cans to remove food residue. Remove both ends
of can and flatten it to reduce size. Dry empty paint cans. Empty aerosol cans
and dispose of the top.
Items Not Accepted: Pesticide cans, power tools, batteries, silverware flatware,
sterno fuel cans, cans with liquid or food in them and cooking utensils.
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Recyclable plastic is abundent in the hotel. Plastic containers are found in the
Food and Beverage, Housekeeping and Engineering Departments. Guests oftenleave behind plastic bottles in guest rooms. The Society for Plastics Industry (SPI)
developed a standard identification system that identifies different kinds of plastic
resins. This helps plastic processors recover different kinds of plastic materials.
The coding system has a recycling triangle with numbers 1-7 which identifies the
resin. Originally only plastic bottles were coded, however, now most plastic containers
have the recycling symbol on the bottom. Check with your processor as to the type
plastics they will accept.
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Code 1, and High Density Polyethylene
(HDPE) Code 2, plastic containers are a high volume item in hotel recycling
programs.
PET is made from a strong, lightweight form of clear polyester material. PET is
used for soft drink bottles, liquor bottles and other food and non-food containers.
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Code 2, is used to produce plastic bottles for
household, automotive, personal care, assorted food products and cleaning supplies.
It is used for milk, water and laundry detergent bottles.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Code 3, commonly used for blister packaging.
Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Code 4, examples include plastic trash bags,
bread and bun wraps and plastic sleeves for cups and lids.
Polypropylene (PP) Code 5, used for packaging such as yogurt containers, shampoobottles and margarine tubs.
Polystyrene (PS) Code 6, plastic is used for making food service containers such as
Styrofoam cups food trays and clamshell packaging. PS products are recyclable;
however, in Florida it is difficult to find a processor who will accept them.
Other, Code 7, includes multi-layer resins. It can include items manufactured using
a combination of the plastics listed above.
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Collect and strain cooking oil and grease in hotel/motel kitchens. Companies that
recycle cooking oil and grease may provide specially designed collection containers
for its storage and will transport it from the hotel.
Refinish and reupholstry quality furniture. Furniture can be sold to other hotels,
employees or donated to charitable causes.
Refinish pool and patio furniture instead of purchasing new furniture.
Carpet and carpet padding are being shredded and made into new carpet. Vacuum
carpet, remove from the floor and store in a dry area.
Repair quality equipment. Recycle old equipment with a metal recycling processor.
Trade-in old equipment when purchasing new equipment. Give old equipment to
vocational schools for teaching repair techniques to students.
Establish a motor oil recycling center in the maintenance department for used oil
from equipment motors. Oil collection centers for public use are located throughout
the state. Askyour oil supplier about setting up an oil recycling program.
Include collection and disposal of construction materials in contracts. Dispose ofconstruction materials separately from the hotels regular waste. Inform contractors
of your recycling program and request that they comply while working on the property.
The Florida Solid Waste Management Law requires that construction debris be
segregated and disposed ofin separate landfill locations, so contractors need separate
waste dumpsters.
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Shred fronds and clippings to make plant bedding material to save water, moderate
soil temperatures, discourage weeds and reduce competition from grass.
Call the local County Cooperative Extension Service for information about landscape
recycling.
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Consumption - the amount of any resource (material or energy) used in a given time.
FDEP (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, formerly Departments of
Environmental Regulation and Natural Resources) - the agency charged with the enforcementof all environmental laws and regulations in Florida; the lead agency implementing the
Solid Waste Management Act.
Disposal Cost Savings - economic savings from reduced waste hauling operational expenses
(e.g., labor, storage, containers, balers, transportation and hauling fees, etc.) and avoided
tipping fees.
EcoPurchasing - a source reduction strategy empowering purchasing managers to select
durable and non-durable goods that create the least amount of waste and toxicity.
EcoPurchasing also promotes reuse of products and materials and supports recycling and
resource/energy conservation.
EcoToursim - responsible travel that helps to conserve the environment and sustains the
well-being of the local people.
EPA (United States Environmental protection Agency) - the agency charged with the
enforcement of all federal regulations regardmg air and water pollution, radiation and pesticide
hazard, ecological research, and solid waste disposal. Also known as U.S. EPA.
Hazardous Waste - waste that requires special precaution in its storage, collection,
transportation, use, treatment, or disposal to prevent damage to human health and/or the
environment. Hazardous wastes include, corrosive, explosive, flammable, ignitable,
radioactive, reactive, toxic, volatile and pathological materials.
Landfill - see sanitary landfill.
Nonrecyclable - not capable of being recycled or used again.
Packaging - the materials used to wrap, contain and protect products use or layer.
Recyclables - materials that still have useful physical or chemical properties after serving
their original purposes and that can be reused or remanufactured into additional products.
Recycled Content - that part of a product which has been produced using preconsumer or
postconsumer recycled material; measured by percentage.
Recycling - the process by which materials otherwise destined for disposal are collected,
reprocessed or remanufactured and reused.
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Reuse - the use of a product more than once in its same form for the same or similar purpose.
Sanitary Landfill - a land waste disposal site that is located to minimize water pollution
from runoffand leaching. Waste is spread in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a
fresh layer of soil each day to minimize pest, aesthetic, disease, air pollution and water
pollution problems.
Solid Waste Management - the systematic administration of activities which provide for
the collection, source separation, storage, transportation, transfer, processing, treatment and
disposal of solid waste.
Tipping Fee - a fee, usually dollars per ton, for the unloading or dumping of waste at a
landfill, transfer station, recycling center or waste-to-energy facility. Also called disposal
fee or service fee.
Waste - anything that is discarded, useless, or unwanted; opposite of conserve, as in to
waste.
Waste Reduction - reducing the amount or type of waste generated; sometimes used
synonymously with source reduction.
Waste Stream - The total flow of solid waste from homes, businesses, institutions, and
manufacturing plants that must be recycled, burned, or disposed ofin landfills or any segment
thereof such as the commercial waste stream.
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UNITED MARKETING, INC.11326 Wiles Road
Florida Expo CenterCoral Springs, FL 33076
VITAL VISIONS CORPORATION
Route 1,Box 95Freeport, FL 32439
WINDSOR BARREL WORKSPO Box 47
Kempton, PA 19529
ZARN, INC.PO Box 1350
Reidsville, NC 27320
EQUIPMENT
AMERICAN WASTE REDUCTION CO.
8505 Silver Star RoadOrlando. FL 32818
CHEM-TAINER INDUSTRIES, INC.361 Neptune Ave.N. Babylon, NY 11704
FLORIDA EQUIPMEN & MACHINERY4265 US Highway 98 North Ste 103PO Box 91115
Lakeland, FL 33804
GLASS CYCLE SYSTEMS, INC.
5452 West Crenshaw St Ste 5Tampa, FL 33634
GRAB-IT ENTERPRIZESP. O. Box 703Jackson, AL 36545
INTERNATIONAL BALER
P. 0.Box 6922Jacksonville, FL 32236
J D L COMPANY
5000 San Jose Blvd. Ste 143
Jacksonville, FL 32207
J V MANUFACTURING, INC.
701 Highway 68B
PO Box 229Springdale, AK 72765-0229
JIM HARDEE EQUIPMENT COMPANY5801 E. BroadwayTampa, FL 33675
LOAD KING MANUFACTURING CO.PO Box 40606Jacksonville, FL 32203
ORANGE KRUSHER, INC.PO Drawer 580156
Orlando, FL 32856
PHILADELPHIA TRAMRAIL COMPANY2207 E. Ontario St.
Philadelphia, PA 19134
PRODEVA, INC.Drawer R
Jackson Center, OH 45334
R J WILLIAMS COMPANY, INC.P. 0.Box 663
Lutz, FL 33549
RECYCLING ROUNDUP, INC.
Papillion, NE 68046505 W. 6th St.
THOLE ENTERPRISES1400 Shadwell CircleLake Mary, FL 32746
PRINTER RIBBONS & CARTRIDGES
FLORIDA RIBBON & RECYCLING COMPANY2306 58th St E.
Palmetto, FL 34221
See EcoPuchasingIn Hotels and Motels for listsofproducts made from recycled materials.
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Aluminum RecyclingAssociation, 1000 16th StreetNW, Suite 603,Washington, DC 20036,202-785-0951
American Plastics Council, 2840 Mt. Wilkinson Parkway, Suite 110, Atlanta, GA 30339,
404-80 1-9004
Council fo r Textile Recycling, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Bethesda, MD 208 14,301-656-1077
Florida Business and Indust ry Recycling Program (BIRP), 7200 C Aloma Avenue, Winter
Park, FL 32792,407-678-4200, 1-800-FLA-BIRP (hotline)
Florida Cente r For Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, University ofFlorida,
2207 NW 13th Street, Suite D, Gainesville, FL 32609,904-392-6264
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), 2600 Blair Stone Road,Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400,904-488-0300
Florida Energy Extension Service, University ofFlorida, PO Box 110940, Gainesville,
FL 32611,904-392-1511
Florida Hotel an d Motel Association, 200 W. College Avenue, Tallahassee, FL 32301,
904-224-2888, 1-800-476-3462
Keep Florida Beautiful, 325 John Knox Road, Building M, Suite 240, Tallahassee, FL32303,904-385-1528, 1-800-828-9338;Fax: 904-385-4020
National Recycling Coalition, Inc., 1101 30th Street NW, Suite 305, Washington, DC20007,202-625-6406; Fax: 202-625-6409
Southeast Glass Recycling Program, P.O. Box 595 12, Clearwater, FL 34618,
813-799-4917
Steel Recycling Insti tute, Southeastern Regional Office, 4900 Bayou Boulevard, Suite110 C, Pensacola, FL 32503,904-479-7208
TREEO, Center f or Training Research an d Education for Environmental Occupations,University of Florida, 3900 SW 63rd Boulevard, Gainesville, FL 32608-3848, 904-392-
9570
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), Office of Solid Waste, 401 M StreetSW, Washington, D.C. 20006. EPA Procurement Hotline: 7 13-941-4452
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Volume Data
What type of waste disposal container is in use?
How many refuse containers are being used?
1. Determine the present volume of waste
Number of pickups per month ?
Estimate the number of tons per month from waste volume.
(Calculate this by multiplying the waste capacity of the
container by a factor that corresponds to the number of
tons that container typically holds.)
2. Estimate the potential volume of recyclable materials.
Estimate percentage of extractable recyclables %
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 1) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 2) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 3) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 3) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 3) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 4) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of (material 5) =
Estimate the tons/month tons of material 6 =
Total tons of recyclable materials
3. Calculate the waste volume left after recycling
Estimate the number of tons/month left after recycling. (line 2 - line 1)
How many pickups/month remain?
(This will be reduced in proportion to the percentage of material recycled.)
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4. WasteDisposal Cost
Determine the present monthly waste removal costs.
(Ifno invoice is available, call the waste hauling company for copies.
Pickup fee per ton /per load
Pickup fee x the number of pickups per month (line 1)
Tipping fee per ton/per load
Tipping fee times x the estimated number of tons per month
Add up the total current monthly waste disposal costs.
Monthly container rental or lease fees?
5. Determine the waste removal cost/ton (line 4 divided by 1)
6. Estimate your waste removal costs after recycling.
Pickup charges $ x number of pickups =
=Tipping fee $ x number of tons
Monthly Equipment rental or lease fee
Add total current monthly disposal costs after recycling.
7. Monthly waste disposal costs avoided (Line 4 - Line 6 )(Calculate the savings by subtracting the disposal costs after recycling
from the total current waste disposal costs)
8. Annual avoided waste disposal costs (line 7 x line 12)
9. Calculatetherecyclingprogramstart-upinvestments.
Recyclingcontainers,boxes,orcarts
Recyclingequipment,balers,compactors
Costoftrainingprogramorinternalpublicity
Other
Total start-up investment for recycling program
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10. Estimated revenues from recyclables
From your estimate of the volume of recyclable materials (line 2)
tons of (material 1) x $ /ton =
tons of (material 2) x $ /ton =
(Use a conservative market price for these recyclables.)
Total monthly revenues from sale ofrecyclables
Total annual revenues from sale of recyclables
(Monthly revenues x 12 to get annual revenues)
11. Summary of Savings
Add annual avoided waste disposal costs (line 8)
Add total annual revenues from sale ofrecyclables
Total annual savings
Total 5 year savings (annual savings x five)
Total start-up investment for recycling program (- line #9)
12. Net estimated five year profit on recycling program
Notes:
Adapted from How Your Business can Profit from a Recycling Program Strathman, David and Drake, Barbara.
Provided by the Public Utilities Department, City of Jacksonville, Florida 1991.
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The following information will be helpful in estimating the weights of recyclable
materials. The Florida Glass Recycling Program provided a more detailed list. Glass makes
up a large portion of the recyclable materials in a hotel recycling program because of loungesand bars.
Aluminum Beverage Containers
Approximately 27 cans = one pound, 24 cans per case
Number of cans per month + 27 = pounds per month
Uncrushed 1080 cans per cubic yard, 1 cubic yard = 40 pounds
Newspaper
Neatly stacked1 cubic yard = 600 pounds
one 12 stack of bundled newspaper = 35 pounds
Steel/Ferrous Cans
4 #10 cans per case
1 #10 can weighs about 3/4 of a pound
185 #10 cans = 1 cubic yard
Food Waste
Solid fats and liquid oils
412.5 pounds = 55 gallon drum
4.8 drums = 1 ton
Used Motor oil
7 pounds = 1 gallon
285.7 gallons = 1 ton
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How much recyclable glass doesyour business generate?
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Printed on Recycled Paper 55 Florida Energy Extension Service 12/93
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UNIVERSITY OF