recycling progress report - hennepin.us · the recycling progress report provides an update on...

Recycling Progress Report Reducing waste and taking action on climate change

June 2020

2019 RECYCLING PROGRESS REPORT | 3

ContentsIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Progress toward goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

Looking back: 50 years of waste management in Hennepin County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Looking ahead: climate and materials management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Focus on organics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Waste prevention and reuse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Engaging residents through education and outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Serving residents where they are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Promoting drop-offs for hazardous waste and additional recyclables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Recovering resources from the trash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4 | 2019 RECYCLING PROGRESS REPORT

Introduction

The Recycling Progress Report provides an update on implementation of Hennepin County’s Solid Waste Management Master Plan, progress toward waste diversion goals, and a summary of the 2019 results for the county’s waste management programs .State statute requires metropolitan counties to prepare master plans every six years that identify strategies to meet the recycling goals and objectives in the state’s Metropolitan Solid Waste Management Policy Plan . The policy plan was adopted by the Commissioner of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) on April 6, 2017, establishing the framework for managing solid waste in the metro area through 2036 .

The policy plan sets objectives for each waste management method, with an emphasis on the upper end of the waste management hierarchy in order to achieve the legislative goals for recycling and organics recovery . Minnesota state statute 115A .551 establishes a 75% recycling rate goal by 2030 .

Minnesota Pollution Control Agency policy plan objectives(percent of tons by management method)

Hennepin County developed its 2018 Solid Waste Management Master Plan to make progress toward the goal of recycling 75% of waste by 2030 . The master plan demonstrates the county’s commitment to conserving natural resources, protecting the environment, and ensuring public health and safety . Learn more about the master plan at hennepin.us/solidwasteplanning .

Overview of the master plan

The county’s master plan was developed to be consistent with the Hennepin County Board of Commissioner’s mission “to enhance the health, safety and quality of life of our residents and communities in a respectful, efficient and fiscally responsible way .” It is also consistent with the Hennepin County Environment and Energy Department’s mission of “protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations” and overarching strategic goal that “Hennepin County’s environment is preserved for future generations .”

Management Method 2019 actual 2020 2025 2030

Recycling 39% 51% 54% 60%

Organics recovery 10% 12% 14% 15%

Resource recovery 22% 35% 31% 24%

Landfill 29% 2% 1% 1%

Year 1 2017 Master plan approved by the county board on November 11, 2017

Year 2 2018 First year of implementation

Year 3 2019 Preparation for the business organics requirement effective January 1, 2020

Year 4 2020 51% recycling rate goal and 12% organics recycling goal in MPCA policy plan

Year 5 2021 State releases pre-draft notice for new policy plan

Year 6 2022 City organics recycling requirement goes into effect, last year of master plan


Progress toward goals

About 1 .45 million tons of solid waste, which includes recycling, organics, and trash, was generated in Hennepin County in 2019 . That is a 2 .8% increase over 2018, about 40,000 tons more . Of the total tons generated, 49% was managed as recycling and organics . The remaining 51% was managed as trash going to a waste-to-energy facility or landfill .

71% of waste diverted from landfills in 2019

Recycling

Waste-to-energy

Organics

Landfilling

2030 goal: 60%

2030 goal: 24%

2030 goal: 15%

2030 goal: 1%

201920182017201620152014

201920182017201620152014

201920182017201620152014

201920182017201620152014

38%

35%

9% 9% 9% 9%10% 10%

18%

40%

34% 17%

41%

31% 18%

41%

31% 19%

40% 39%

31% 22% 20% 29%

The proportion of garbage sent to waste-to-energy facilities and landfills shifted drastically in 2019 after the Great River Energy Elk River Resource Recovery Project closed at the beginning of the year .


2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000

201920182017201620152014201320122011201020092008200720062005

Goal: Reduce the amount of waste generated per personWaste has increased slightly over the last few years, which correlates with a strong economy and low unemployment . Changes in the waste stream continue to make it more difficult to increase recycling tonnages . Digital media has displaced print media, packaging materials are lighter, and there are more non-recyclable plastics . In other words, there is less recyclable material per ton of waste generated, and it takes more recycling to maintain the same recycling rate . Relying on that traditional metric alone is inadequate . Other metrics, such as waste generation per capita, provide better measurements of progress .

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

201920182017201620152014

Waste generation in Hennepin Countypounds per capita

Goal: Recycle 75% of wasteThe state has a goal of recycling 75% of waste by 2030 . Hennepin County is focused on increasing organics recycling to reach this goal . Organic waste, especially food, is the most common material in the waste stream by far and therefore represent the biggest opportunity to make progress .

The county’s residential waste sort completed in 2016 determined that achieving a residential recycling rate in excess of 60% is not realistic even with aggressive capture rate assumptions . Hennepin County continues to look to its commercial sector to improve recycling and to ensure haulers are reporting on recycling .

Land disposal Resource recovery

Organics recycling Recycling

Goal: Reduce waste to landfillsThe state has a goal of sending less than 1% of waste to landfills by 2030 . In 2018, 20% of waste was landfilled . In 2019, landfilling increased to almost 30% because the Great River Energy Elk River Resource Recovery Project closed in January 2019 . This loss of processing capability does not result in an increase of recycling and organics recycling . Rather, it moves waste from being processed to recover metals and energy to being landfilled . Metal recovery from processing decreased by 15% in 2019 from 19,629 tons in 2018 to 16,761 tons in 2019 due to the loss of this facility .

Waste management by methodin % of tons


Goal: Reduce greenhouse gas emissionsClimate change is one of the most pressing challenges the county faces because of its significant environmental, societal, and economic impacts on both a global and local level . In 2020, Hennepin County is developing a climate action plan that will include initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and strategies to adapt to the changing climate . The plan is focused on reducing vulnerabilities and ensuring a more equitable and resilient Hennepin County . When considering the entire lifecycle of a product, waste and materials management present big opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions .

Traditional greenhouse gas inventories are sector-based, which provides an incomplete picture of emissions and their subsequent climate mitigation strategies related to the consumption of goods . In sector-based inventories, the climate impact of the stuff we buy is spread throughout each economic sector . Sector-based inventories also do not include the emissions embedded in the products we import . In traditional inventories, solid waste management appears as a small percentage of emissions compared with natural gas, electricity, and transportation because those

studies focus on only one phase of the product life cycle: disposal .

By contrast, systems-based emissions inventories expand our understanding by making the connection between climate change and the stuff we buy and food we eat . Consumption-based emissions inventories also account for emissions embedded in the things we import and give us more information on emissions throughout a product’s entire lifecycle, from extraction and preparation of raw materials to the resources used to manufacture and use the product to disposal to the transportation used at each step of the process . When viewed through the lens of consumption, we contribute more to climate change as a result of buying stuff than we do by driving cars or heating and powering homes .

Multiple perspectives on greenhouse gas emissions provide critically important insights for successful climate mitigation strategies . The county plans to conduct both traditional sector-based and consumption-based emissions inventories to create a more comprehensive approach to climate change mitigation .

Provision of goods29%

Infrastructure1%Agriculture

8%

Commercial5% Residential

5%

Transportation28%

Industry19%

Electric power industry31%

Local passenger transport 15%

Other passenger transport 15%

Building HVAC and lighting25%

Use of appliances and devices8%

Provision of food13%

Sector-based view of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions

U .S . EPA, 2006

Systems-based view of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions

U .S . EPA, 2009


In 2020, we are celebrating both 50 years of Earth Day and 50 years of environmental protection in Hennepin County . Reflecting on the history of environmental protection can help us understand the environmental moment we are in now and how we mobilize action on the urgent issues we face today .

Prior to the 1970s, open dumps and burn barrels were the norm for managing waste . The composition of our waste was vastly different then, and the volume of household waste was much smaller .

Land use concerns grew as urban areas started to expand, and new dumps became harder to site . To address this, federal and state laws were passed to prohibit open burning, establish a solid waste permitting process, and upgrade dumps to sanitary landfills .

1970s: Hennepin County begins oversight of waste management and the first recycling programs begin

The environmental department in Hennepin County was formed in 1970 . Some of the first initiatives for this new department included

managing tree waste disposal related to the devastation caused by Dutch Elm Disease, leaf and yard waste composting, and solid and hazardous waste inspections and planning .

Concerns over pollution from landfills led to the emergence of regulations for hazardous waste disposal and groundwater protection . Counties, with oversight from the MPCA, were given responsibility for local solid waste management . In 1976, Hennepin County adopted its solid waste ordinance (ordinance 2) that banned open dumps and established standards, permitting, and licensing for solid waste facilities .

The first pilot curbside recycling programs in Hennepin County started in Minneapolis and St . Louis Park .

1980s: Waste management hierarchy established and programs begin to manage hazardous waste

The waste management hierarchy that guides our priorities today was established by the Minnesota Waste Management Act in 1980 . The hierarchy prioritizes waste reduction and reuse, recycling, composting, and resource recovery over landfilling .

The county’s recycling ordinance (ordinance 13) was adopted in 1986, and curbside recycling became available throughout the county in the late 1980s . To help reduce landfilling, the county’s waste-to-energy facility, the Hennepin Energy Recovery Facility, began operating in 1989 .

Looking back: 50 years of waste management


Concern over mismanagement and pollution from hazardous waste by both businesses and residents grew in the 1980s . Hennepin County

adopted a hazardous waste management ordinance (ordinance 7) in 1980 and started licensing, inspecting, and, when necessary, conducting enforcement for businesses that generate hazardous waste . The county started holding community collection events where residents could drop-off their hazardous waste in the mid-1980s .

1990s: Permanent drop-off facilities open, efforts to minimize landfilling expand, and the last landfill in Hennepin County closes

Hazardous waste collection events for residents had become so popular that the sites were often overrun, so the county opened permanent drop-off facilities in Bloomington and Brooklyn Park in the early 1990s .

The county started waste prevention programs in the early 1990s, including holding a rewear fashion show, starting the free product centers at the

drop-off facilities, and encouraging waste reduction in county operations .

The state banned yard waste from the trash in 1990, and the last landfill in Hennepin County closed in 1993 .

Recycling in multi-unit buildings became mandatory in the early 1990s . Recycling programs began accepting plastic bottles in 1991, and the materials accepted have continued to expand and evolve since .

2000s: Focus on organics recycling begins, support for reuse retailers launches, and electronic waste becomes a key concern

In the early 2000s with recycling programs well-established, the county started to focus on the most prevalent material in the trash – food and other

organic waste . The county started selling compost bins to residents, a citywide curbside organics recycling pilot launched in Wayzata in 2003, and programs started in 21 schools in Hopkins, Minnetonka, and St . Louis Park .

To support reuse retailers and encourage people to buy used goods, the Choose to Reuse campaign launched in 2003 . To help further expand

recycling, the county started grant programs to support recycling improvements in schools, businesses, multifamily buildings, and public spaces .

Management of electronic waste became a key concern with the state banning electronics containing cathode ray tubes (CRTs) from the garbage because they contain lead and passing a requirement that electronics manufacturers reimburse counties for the collection and proper disposal of electronics .


2010s: Waste prevention efforts expand, organics recycling requirements established, recycling programs continue to evolve

Waste prevention efforts expanded in 2010s with the start of the Master Recycler/Composter program, Fix-It Clinics, and Zero Waste Challenge . Recently, an effort started to encourage the salvage, reuse, and recycling of building materials .

Organics recycling programs continued to develop with the largest organics recycling program in the county in Minneapolis launching in

2015 . Various businesses and nonprofit organizations and many schools also started organics recycling . To accelerate the development of organics recycling programs, the county revised the recycling ordinance (ordinance 13) in 2018 to require businesses that generate high volumes of food waste to start recycling food waste and cities to offer organics recycling service to their residents .

To help address the growing concern over prescription drug abuse, collection events for unwanted medicines were first offered in 2010 . This

led to the development of medicine drop boxes, and there are now more than 30 drop boxes available throughout the county .

Recycling programs switched to single stream so that all recycling is collected together, and efforts to reach out to multi-unit buildings were reinvigorated . Material accepted expanded to include plastic cups and containers and cartons . The state and the county passed new recycling requirements for businesses .

2020 and beyond

As we look to the future of environmental protection in Hennepin County, our core services developed over the past 50 years to reduce and responsibly manage waste will continue . We are also focusing on making progress on our current priorities, which include taking action on climate change, expanding organics recycling and reducing food waste, and striving for zero waste .


Most of the public knows that the transportation and energy choices we make are important to curbing climate change, but studies show that the average consumer does not associate consumer goods and food choices with this global environmental problem . One reason for this disconnect is that traditional greenhouse gas emissions inventories are territorial or sector-based and only account for the disposal end of solid waste management . Another reason is that a good deal of the messaging around waste reduction is focused on landfill avoidance and conservation of natural resources and fails to mention its significance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions .

Many of the goods we purchase and use are not produced within Hennepin County . Traditional territorial or sector-based inventories measure emissions generated within a specific geographic boundary . They are useful for developing strategies to reduce emissions in sectors like buildings, industry, and transportation, but they miss the emissions we import from the production of goods we consume and use in our daily lives .

A consumption-based inventory is most useful for understanding the “embedded” emissions generated outside local boundaries . This includes all of the emissions associated with the lifecycle of goods and services, including extracting raw materials for manufacturing, sending the product to market, and managing the product as waste when we no longer want it .

Looking at both approaches to greenhouse gas emissions inventories provide helpful perspectives for developing strategies to mitigate climate change impacts .

Looking ahead: climate and materials management

Emissions produced in Minnesota and exported

67.9 MMTCO2e 61.2 MMTCO2e71.9 MMTCO2e

Emissions produced and consumed in Minnesota

Territorial inventory

139.8 MMTCO2e

Consumption-based inventory

133.1 MMTCO2e

Emissions imported into Minnesota

Minnesota greenhouse gas emissions using territorial and consumption-based inventories

Million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent

The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) conducted a consumption-based emissions inventory in 2012 with categories that reflect typical household consumption, including furnishings, clothing, electronics, and food . This view can help individuals understand how their consumption choices impact greenhouse gas emissions .

The consumption-based inventory highlights that most climate impacts come from the production and, in some cases, the use of goods, but not from the waste that consumption generates . The consumption-based view finds that more than half of greenhouse gas emissions come from the production of goods . Furthermore, households produce a large proportion of emissions through the lens of a consumption-based emissions inventory, with households producing 76% of emissions compared to businesses at 14% and governments at 10% in the MPCA’s study .

Minnesota consumption-based emissions by life-cycle phase

MPCA, 2012

Production52%Post-consumer

disposal 1%

Purchase and transportation5%

Wholesale and retail4%

Use38%

Looking at emissions from different angles


Waste-related actions to address climate changeAs Hennepin County takes action on climate change, the waste reduction and recycling group understands that waste is linked with consumption and that many of the strategic choices we make about waste have a climate impact . Analysis conducted by Project Drawdown can help us understand these choices . Project Drawdown is a fellowship of researchers reviewing and analyzing actions and their impact to reducing the world’s levels of greenhouse gases . The table shows how actions related to waste and consumption rank within a model to limit global temperature change to 1 .5 degrees Celsius .

Solution

Ranking to limit warming to 1.5 ºC

Gigatons CO2 reduced or sequestered

Reduced food waste 3 94 .56

District heating 35 9 .85

Methane digesters (AD) 46 6 .18

Recycling 47 6 .02

Bioplastics 55 3 .80

Composting 61 3 .13

Waste-to-energy 62 3 .00

Recycled paper 64 1 .95

Landfill methane capture 82 -1 .60

Hennepin County has plans underway to address several of the waste management and waste prevention actions identified to limit warming . The county is developing and implementing a food waste reduction plan and making progress on plans for an anaerobic digester . Efforts to prevent waste in the first place continue to expand as well as efforts to reuse and recycle materials in new sectors, such as construction and demolition waste . Waste management practices including recycling, composting, and waste-to-energy continue to be important for managing our trash and reducing greenhouse gas emissions . We are also integrating climate impacts as a way to evaluate our programs and develop priorities .

Preventing food waste

Food is being wasted at an alarming rate . Between 30% and 40% of food in the United States is wasted somewhere along the supply chain . ReFED estimates that 63 million tons of food is wasted in the U .S . each year . Most food waste in the U .S . is generated in households (43%), followed by consumer-facing businesses (40%), followed by farms (16%) and manufacturers (2%) .

Food waste has major environmental, economic, and social impacts . Wasting food wastes resources, including water, fertilizers, and cropland . Food waste is also a major contributor to climate change, with climate impacts throughout the supply chain – from growing to processing to transporting . In landfills, food produces methane, a powerful greenhouse gas . Wasted food accounts for 2 .6% of the annual greenhouse gas emissions in the U .S ., which is equivalent to 1 in 7 cars on the road .

Currently, most food waste goes in the trash . Updates made to the county’s recycling ordinance (ordinance 13) aim to address the management of food and food scraps after it is wasted by households and businesses . There are now requirements for certain businesses to recycle food and to ensure most residents get access to organics recycling service . However, these requirements aren’t enough to address the food waste problem, and action is needed to prevent food waste in the first place and get edible food to those who can use it before it is wasted .

In addition to federal and state efforts underway to tackle this issue, resources at the county level need to be allocated to programs and policies that prevent food waste . Examples of policy options include food donation policies as well as supporting state or federal action on food labeling . We also must deliver messaging and programming aimed at residents and businesses . In order to design effective programs and outreach, we need to learn more from our community about individual behaviors and collect data specific to our region on waste generation and composition .

16%

10M

2%

1M 25M 27M

40% 43%


Encouraging waste reduction and reuse

The greatest opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with products are when they are being designed and used . The MPCA’s consumption-based emissions inventory found that post-consumer disposal at landfills or waste-to-energy facilities is responsible for just 1% of the carbon footprint of consumption of goods and services in Minnesota . On the other hand, doubling the useful life of clothing and household furnishings and supplies through maintenance and repair is equivalent to increasing vehicle efficiency by 15% . This would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2 .5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent .

Addressing construction and demolition waste

Managing waste to mitigate climate impacts means looking beyond our traditional waste streams . The county has started a new focus on construction and demolition waste to encourage salvage and reuse and recycling as well as ensure proper disposal of hazardous materials . Although the majority of building materials have the potential to be salvaged and reused or recycled, most materials in construction and demolition projects are currently sent to landfills . Building materials that can be salvaged and reused include appliances, cabinets, furniture, rugs, and wood products such as wood flooring and dimensional lumber .

Similar to other products, the majority of emissions in the construction and furnishings sectors are attributed to the production of materials . This emphasizes the importance of focusing on upstream strategies related to production and reuse rather than disposal to mitigate climate impacts . For example, furnishings account for about 5 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in the MPCA’s consumption-based emissions inventory . Increasing repair and reuse to double the life of these furnishings would cut

greenhouse gas emissions from these products by half . Purchasing furnishings made from reused or reclaimed materials and manufacturing high-quality furnishings that are made to last would further reduce climate impacts .

To increase reuse and recycling, the construction and demolition waste initiative offers grants to homeowners to deconstruct rather than demolish buildings, inspections of construction sites to ensure proper hazardous waste management, and resources for homeowners and developers to connect them to salvage, reuse, and recycling opportunities .

In addition, county staff are building relationships with contractors to ensure that new construction is done with the environment in mind . For example, appropriate planning in the pre-construction phase could significantly reduce emissions related to the production and waste of drywall . About 12% of new drywall used in construction is wasted during the installation process, which adds up to about one pound of drywall waste per each square foot of new construction .


Organic materials make up 30% of trash, so recycling them is key to achieving a 75% recycling goal by 2030 and reducing the amount of waste we send to landfills . Diverting organics from the trash reduces emissions of greenhouse gases, especially methane, which is generated from the decomposition of organic materials in landfills .

Organics recycling requirementsOn November 27, 2018, the Hennepin County Board of Commissioners approved revisions to the county’s recycling ordinance (ordinance 13) . These changes require businesses that generate large quantities of food waste to implement food waste recycling by January 1, 2020 . Cities are required to ensure residents have access to curbside organics recycling service by 2022 .

The county made significant progress on advancing organics recycling in 2019 as the implementation phase for the organics recycling requirements started .

2019 results

• Reached out to over 2,000 businesses who were identified as needing to comply with the ordinance 13 food waste recycling requirement .

Infrastructure developmentCurrently, compost sites are located on the outskirts of the metro area – not close to where the majority of organic materials are generated . Transporting organics directly to compost sites takes more time and money for haulers, which translates into higher costs for their customers . Additionally, the organics area at the county’s transfer station in Brooklyn Park is operating at full capacity .

To support the expansion of organics recycling in a cost-effective way, additional capacity is needed to receive, transfer, and process organics close to where the organic materials are generated and collected . In order to keep pace with the anticipated increase in organics recycling, the county is exploring the expansion of capacity at its transfer station and evaluating short-term and long-term processing options .

2019 results

• Continued moving forward with an anaerobic digestion facility by developing a Request for Proposals and making site visits to facilities in California and Toronto .

• Sought capital budget funds to expand the county’s transfer station in Brooklyn Park to build an area dedicated to managing organics .

Focus on organics

Progress on organics recycling strategies identified in the Solid Waste Management Master Plan

We have taken action to put organic waste to better use by:

Diverting more organic waste to create compost for healthier soils by implementing revisions to the county’s recycling ordinance .

Creating a plan to increase food rescue to help feed people in need and prevent wasted food .

We still need to take action to ensure that there is enough capacity to manage organic waste that is diverted by:

Creating energy through anaerobic digestion .


Food waste reductionAccording to the U .S . Department of Agriculture, America throws out more than 400 pounds of food per person annually . Of that amount, 43% is generated by consumers and 40% is generated by restaurants, grocery stores and foodservice businesses . Both residents and businesses play a significant role in preventing and reducing food waste in our communities .

2019 results

• Supported Second Harvest Heartland’s prepared food donation program, MealConnect, by informing Master Recycler/Composters of volunteer opportunities .

• Tabled at Open Streets events and farmers markets on the importance of not wasting food and tips for wasting less food .

• Emphasized the importance of reducing wasted food with Zero Waste Challenge participants .

• Participated in the City of Minneapolis’ Food Council, which supports a local food system with a focus on sustainability

Organics diversion Organics tonnage increased by 11% in 2019, or by almost 15,000 tons . The largest increase was in the amount of yard waste collected . Organics recycling for composting increased by 8% . The tonnage of food to hogs and animals increased by 10%, with Re-Conserve processing about 2,500 more tons than the previous year . More detailed organics recycling results for residential, commercial, and schools can be found in the serving residents where they are section starting on page 22 .

Management method 2018 2019

Increase/(decrease)

in tons%

change

Yard waste 80,240 90,839 10,599 13%

Food to hogs and animal feed 26,575 29,105 2,530 10%

Compost 21,314 22,923 1,609 8%

Food donation 1,787 1,696 (91) -2%

Total 129,916 144,563 14,647 11%

Tracking software reduces food waste

Two locations – Taher Inc . and the Wayzata School District – used Leanpath software to track over 30,000 pounds of wasted food and food scraps . Over the course of the program, the sites reduced food waste by 39% by weight, saving 32% in the value of food they throw out .

tons of waste avoided11

tons of carbon dioxide emissions avoided

8

meals saved22,418

Success story


Hennepin County offers programs like the annual Choose to Reuse campaign and monthly Fix-It Clinics to encourage waste reduction and reuse . To reach its waste reduction goals, the county also targets specific materials that represent the largest percentage of reusable goods found in the trash, including food waste, wood, textiles, furniture and household goods .

Waste prevention and reuse

Choose to ReuseHennepin County encourages residents to support local reuse, rental, and repair retailers through the Choose to Reuse program, which includes the online Choose to Reuse Directory . The choices residents make in the stuff they buy and where they shop can protect the environment and support the local economy .

The resale business sector is strong and continuing to grow, but many local shops are competing against e-commerce marketplaces . Because of this, they recognize the power of partnering within their community to grow their local businesses . Based on market research of shoppers, a new retailer engagement program has been designed to address the concerns of our local reuse retailers . Many of the shoppers surveyed are interested in reducing their waste, but do not associate buying secondhand items with waste prevention . A new campaign - Join the Circle - is the call to action to both connect retailers to expert resources and each other as well as activate residents to reduce waste by buying secondhand .

2019 results:

• Published a calendar of reuse events and 24 articles related to reuse and low-waste ideas . The articles continue to be popular on the county’s social media accounts .

• Finished an evaluation of the Choose to Reuse program using a research and marketing consultant . Leveraged the findings from 2018 focus groups in developing a marketing plan for the next two years .

• Redesigned the Choose to Reuse campaign to integrate the Join the Circle call to action . Changes related to this new call to action included restructuring the Choose to Reuse website and creating new a marketing program, calendar, and social media materials to be carried out in 2020 .

• Created a retailer engagement program that provides retailers with training, support, and tools to amplify our message and sell more used goods .

3 inch diameter adhesive back sticker 4 color on white


Fix-It ClinicsHennepin County Fix-It Clinics provide free, hands-on assistance from knowledgeable volunteers in disassembling, troubleshooting, and repairing household items . The clinics are successful at keeping materials out of the trash . Since the first clinic, over 6,000 items have been repaired totaling nearly 42,000 pounds! This is made possible by dedicated volunteers who have contributed more than 10,000 hours .

Fix-It Clinics teach valuable repair skills, build community connections, and reduce the number of repairable objects that are thrown in the trash . Some of the most common items brought into clinics include lamps, vacuum cleaners, DVD players, blenders, and other small household electronics .

2019 results

• Held 12 Fix-It Clinics with a total attendance of 770 people .

• Repaired 979 items – 85% of the items brought in – keeping 6,213 pounds of material out of the trash .

Deconstruction and building materials reuseAbout 70% of construction and demolition waste ends up in landfills . Although some materials, including concrete and steel, are separated for recycling at waste transfer stations and landfills, many additional materials have the potential to be salvaged, reused, or recycled .

In an effort to divert waste from landfills, Hennepin County will begin providing incentives to homeowners and developers to deconstruct structures rather than demolish them . Deconstruction involves carefully dismantling buildings to salvage materials for reuse . Commonly salvaged building materials include old growth lumber, doors, flooring, cabinets and fixtures . Deconstruction provides an opportunity to divert up to 85% of construction and demolition waste and provides numerous environmental and social benefits compared to standard demolition . The new incentive program launching in 2020 makes deconstruction a more affordable option by offering up to $5,000 to homeowners and developers for deconstruction projects .

Construction and demolition projects can also reveal hazardous materials, such as asbestos, items containing mercury or lead like fluorescent light bulbs and batteries, appliances, electronics, paint, and pesticides . Managing these types of hazardous wastes properly is important for protecting public health and the environment and is required by law .

Volunteers inspired by broad interest in repair

“My biggest surprise in helping at Fix-It Clinics is how many people would prefer to fix something over throwing it away and replacing it with something new . I used to think that those of us who do ‘small appliance rescue’ were alone in the wilderness in a throw-away society, but the Fix-It Clinics help everyone who attends realize they are not alone . . . and that even in a consumer marketplace where modern design rarely gives any thought to repair (except perhaps to prevent it, darn security screws!), many things can still be fixed .”

– Volunteer at Fix-It Clinic

Success story


2019 results

• Dedicated a staff person to focus on diverting construction and demolition waste .

• Prepared for a 2020 launch of the deconstruction grant program .

• Contracted with Better Futures Minnesota to fully deconstruct eight buildings and partially deconstruct 14 buildings, which diverted about 520 tons of material from landfills .

• Launched the pre-demolition inspection program to ensure proper management of regulated materials prior to demolition .

– Staff conducted 51 pre-demolition inspections at 42 residential and 9 commercial properties in Minneapolis and St . Louis Park .

– Staff found 122 problem materials (such as appliances) and 162 hazardous waste materials (such as paint and fluorescent light bulbs) that may have otherwise been improperly managed during demolition .

– Staff worked with 20 unique contractors to coordinate the pre-demolition inspections and follow up .

• Provided assistance with event planning, staffing, and outreach to St . Louis Park for the first building materials donation event of its kind in September 2019 . 136 residents attended the event to donate household building materials including cabinets, light fixtures, and lumber to two nonprofit organizations: Better Futures and Habitat for Humanity Restore .


Hennepin County promotes environmental stewardship by raising awareness about changes in recycling programs, generating excitement about waste reduction, and partnering with organizations in the community to motivate behavior change .

Engaging residents through education and outreach

Zero Waste ChallengeThe Zero Waste Challenge launched in September 2016 to help participants learn a lower-waste lifestyle . Participating households spend eight months working with staff on changing habits to reduce the amount of waste they generate .

Most of the participating households use some form of composting – curbside collection, drop-off, backyard, or a combination of methods – to achieve high recycling rates . Over two-thirds of households report recycling more materials after the challenge while no longer wish-cycling items that are not recyclable .

Households also reduced the amount of waste generated per person by one third over the course of the program .

2019 results

• Had 43 households – a total of 149 adults and children – complete the challenge .

• Motivated households to reduce the amount of waste generated per person by one third .

• Achieved an average diversion rate of 64% by the end of the challenge, which is much higher than the countywide rate of 49%

• Saw notable success in changing behaviors:

– 95% of households in the challenge are now composting

– 69% of the participants are recycling more materials despite 86% reporting that they no longer wish-cycle items that cannot be recycled .

– 61% of households use fewer disposable items for packaging snacks and meals

Most impactful zero waste actions

Past participants in the Zero Waste Challenge have called the challenge eye-opening and a conversation-starter and said it both educated them and pushed them into action . Some have even called it life changing!

Households report taking a wide variety of actions on their journeys toward zero waste, including the following popular steps:

1 . Start organics recycling or backyard composting

2 . Recycle everything you can at home and with drop-offs, but avoid wish-cycling

3 . Eliminate disposables and single use packaging

4 . Prevent waste in the first place by cutting back on purchases and simplifying

5 . Get everyone involved and help spread the word

Success story


Master Recycler/Composter volunteersMaster Recycler/Composter volunteers learn about waste prevention, recycling, and composting from industry experts and tours of waste processing facilities during a six-week course . They then commit to volunteering 30 hours inspiring others in their communities to reduce waste, recycle more, and compost through activities such as answering questions at events and designing and implementing waste reduction and recycling projects .

2019 results:

• Trained 68 volunteers .

• Staffed 62 events where volunteers engaged and interacted with 52,561 residents .

Green Partners environmental education programThrough the Green Partners environmental education program, the county provides funding, activity supplies, field trip transportation, and project support to organizations that empower residents to reduce waste and increase recycling .

2019 results:

• Provided grants to 30 community groups to engage more than 15,000 people in environmental education projects . Many of these partner organizations reach underserved populations, including youth, seniors, families, multicultural residents and low-income individuals .

• Provided environmental education field trip transportation to 40 schools and organizations, helping to make environmental education learning experiences possible for 4,000 participants .

• Awarded grants to seven community groups to increase curbside organics recycling in Minneapolis through peer-to-peer outreach . The participating organizations engaged more than 3,200 residents through door-to-door outreach, workshops and tabling at events . This resulted in 1,200 households signing up for organics recycling .

• Hosted three network meetings to showcase the county’s educational resources and the department’s services . These meetings were attended by 61 representatives from numerous community groups .

Master Recycler/ Composters trained

volunteer hours contributed

686

9,658

Since 2012:


Outreach and communication effortsOutreach efforts engage our community and partners in developing the knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation to work individually and collectively towards sustaining a healthy environment .

• Reached more than 6,470 residents at 107 community events where the county conducted outreach or staffed an education table .

• Provided 68 tours of the Hennepin County Drop-off Facility in Brooklyn Park and the Hennepin Energy Recovery Center in Minneapolis to 1,444 participants .

• Welcomed 1,700 visitors to HERC by participating in Doors Open Minneapolis, a new weekend event that allowed the public free, behind-the-scenes access to buildings in Minneapolis that are architecturally, culturally, or socially significant . Visitors learned how HERC works, saw the waste pit and trash trucks on a live video feed in the visitor center, and discovered ideas to reduce waste .

• Promoted the Green Disposal Guide, an online guide to help residents find information on the best way to recycle, reuse, or dispose of household items . The guide was visited by 61,062 unique users, which is a 7% increase in use compared to 2018 .

• Provided multicultural communications by translating pieces of literature into numerous languages including Cambodian, Hmong, Lao, Somali, Spanish, Russian, Thai, and Vietnamese .

Four years into organics recycling service being available throughout Minneapolis, the big surge in signups for the program are starting to level off, making personal stories and connections an increasingly important way to get more people to participate . Tangletown Neighborhood Association offers two examples of how the time and persistence of peer-to-peer outreach makes a big difference in continuing to grow participation over time .

Tangletown hosted a tour of the compost site in Rosemount where the materials collected in the organics recycling program are delivered . Although most of the people on the tour already participate in the organics recycling program, seeing the process firsthand helps make them champions for the program who now have personal insights to share with their networks .

The grant inspired the leader of the Tangletown project to have a conversation with her mother about why she hadn’t signed up for organics recycling . That conversation led to additional conversations and an eventual new sign up in the program, showcasing the persistence and personal connection that can help further increase participation .

Success story

Slowly but steadily increasing organics recycling participation with peer-to-peer outreach


Serving residents where they are

At homeRecycling, organics, and trash service depends on where you live . Cities provide recycling service to most houses and smaller multifamily buildings (those with two to eight units) . This service is commonly referred to as single-family curbside recycling . On the other hand, larger, multi-unit residential buildings have waste services provided by the property owner or manager .

City recycling programs

Even though Minnesota has lower contamination rates than elsewhere in the county, we need to do a better job keeping non-recyclable materials out of the recycling . Domestic markets have been flooded with recyclables, and commodity prices have declined significantly . This has affected the cost of recycling for city programs . Reducing contamination helps reduce the cost of recycling . That is why there has been a shift to focus on quality over quantity of what residents are putting into their recycling bins . In the past year, the recycling industry has been more involved in communication efforts and there has been more collaboration on creating messages about recycling the right stuff .

Residential recycling performance pounds per household per year

2019 results

• Awarded $2 .1 million to cities to support their recycling programs . To receive a grant, cities were required to meet the terms of the county’s residential recycling funding policy .

• Partnered with Minneapolis and St . Paul to develop the Recycle Smart campaign focused on materials that are important to keep out of the recycling . The campaign was promoted through Metro Transit, social media, and Minneapolis’ annual recycling mailer .

• Assisted cities with promotional efforts and sending recycling guides to residents . Cities used county terminology and images and provided recycling messages through a variety of channels including direct mail, newsletters, websites, social media, and city events . The county also distributed residential recycling labels and factsheets on various environmental topics .

• Continued to participate in the Recycling Education Committee, a statewide group formed by the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to support the development of better recycling education and outreach . Representatives from the recycling industry, local government, and other organizations met regularly to build consensus on what is universally accepted, coordinate consistent messaging to the public, and improve communication .

• Provided technical assistance to cities on recycling RFPs and contracts . City recycling contracts allow cities to communicate consistent educational messages, provide a variety of resources, and deliver the best overall price for service . Of the 44 cities in the county, 42 contract for recycling service .

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Multifamily recycling

Hennepin County offers resources and support to improve recycling at apartments, condos and townhomes . Educational materials, container labels, and staff assistance are available to help property managers educate residents on what is recyclable and improve recycling rates . The county is also focusing on increasing recycling service levels and encouraging reuse by partnering with local retailers to collect reusable materials from residents on-site at multifamily complexes .

2019 results:

• Provided support to 31,196 units at 166 properties . An incredible 65% increase in units served from 2018 .

• Collected 242 mattresses through Second Chance Recycling .

• Worked with six properties with a total of 714 units during the multifamily multilingual door-knocking pilot . This included four properties in Minneapolis, one in New Hope, one in St . Louis Park .

• Developed two new labels and one new recycling guide focused on images rather than words in order to cross language barriers .

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Multilingual door-knocking outreach pilot

Properties that self-identified as needing help with contamination or lack of participation in their recycling programs were enrolled in a multilingual door-knocking pilot program . The pilot sought to determine whether face-to-face outreach in the residents’ primary language would help with compliance and clear up confusion about what materials are recyclable .

This project used “influencers” who had been recruited by property managers at five out of the six participating properties . Influencers live at the property and provide a familiar face that would make people more likely to open their doors and listen to the educational message .

Success story


Residential organics recycling The county and cities are focused on offering more organics recycling opportunities and increasing participation in organics recycling programs . Cities offer different ways to participate in organics recycling, including through citywide programs, through specific haulers, and with drop-offs .

Organics recycling availability, participation, and amount collected have been gradually increasing . Currently, more than 59,000 households, or 17% of households in the county, participate in city organics recycling programs .

Recent developments in city organics recycling programs include Robbinsdale starting citywide collection in 2019 and Edina planning to launch their program in 2020 . All cities in the county are required to make organics recycling service available to households with curbside recycling service by 2022 .

Availability of organics recycling

Type of programNumber of

citiesParticipation

rate

City contract, everyone pays 8 45%

City contract, only subscribers pay 2 9%

Limited availability, no city involvement 23 1%

Not available 11 0%

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Residential organicsHousehold participation rate

17% = Households with organics

recycling service

83% = Households without organics recycling service

353,860: households in Hennepin County with residential recycling service

59,339: households in Hennepin County with residential organics recycling service

Residential organicstons collected


Organics drop-off sites

Organics drop-off sites increase access to organics recycling for all residents, especially those living in multifamily properties without access to city recycling service or those in cities that don’t offer service . Drop-offs also raise awareness about what organics recycling is, why it is important, and how to get started . In 2019 funding was made available for organics recycling drop-off sites run by cities .

2019 results

• Visited farmers markets in cities that recently started offering organics recycling drop-off programs to help residents learn how organics recycling works . Tabled at farmers markets in Bloomington, Hopkins, and Richfield, and provided free starter kits to the first 50 households who signed up for the organics recycling drop-off .

• Achieved good participation in city drop-offs, with Bloomington collecting 69 tons and Richfield collecting 23 tons .

Backyard composting

To increase backyard composting, the Environment and Energy department partners with Hennepin County Sentencing to Service to build compost bins from cedar and wire mesh .

2019 results:

• Sold 383 compost bins at five community events and at the drop-off facility in Brooklyn Park, where compost bins are available year-round

Organics recycling drop-off options

There are 21 organics recycling drop-off sites in Hennepin County, including:

• 9 sites in Minneapolis

• 4 sites in St . Louis Park

• 3 sites in Bloomington

• 2 sites in Richfield

• 1 site in Brooklyn Park

• 1 site in Minnetonka

• 1 site in St . Anthony Village

2019 results

• Provided $1 .4 million in SCORE funding to 31 cities for the purpose of increasing organics diversion . Cities used the funding in a variety of ways, including to promote their programs, increase educational efforts, offset the cost of service, and provide supplies such as compostable bags and kitchen pails to participants . Recognizing that organics recycling is the greatest opportunity to reduce our trash and that financial incentives are needed to make organics recycling more widely available, the county allocated 40% of SCORE funding to organics recycling in 2019 and will allocate 50% of SCORE funding to organics in 2020 .

• Supported Robbinsdale in the rollout of their citywide organics recycling program in April .

• Assisted Edina in including organics recycling in their recycling RFP and in developing their plans to begin their program in 2020 .

• Increased participation by 6% and tons of organics collected from city programs by 8% in 2019 .

• Continued to partner with cities to promote organics recycling and increase participation .


At workSome businesses could be composting up to 50% of the materials that currently go in the trash . Hennepin County offers technical assistance, grants, and educational materials to help businesses start recycling their food waste .

Hennepin County has provided $2 million in grants since 2013 as well as technical assistance and educational materials to businesses and non-profit organizations as an incentive to start and improve recycling and organics recycling efforts . Businesses that have received grants have successfully increased the amount of materials they divert from the trash .

2019 results

• Awarded $457,200 in grants to 99 organizations .

• Fulfilled 660 orders for more than 34,900 posters and labels for recycling, organics recycling, and trash containers .

• Initiated service agreements with seven business and neighborhood associations to do outreach to their member businesses .

• Completed outreach to businesses on the revised recycling ordinance . The ordinance requires compliance with state recycling requirements, the provision of adequate service levels for recycling, and labels on waste containers by January 1, 2020 .

• Responded to more than 350 calls and requests for assistance from businesses .

Priceless Produce Program rescues food to serve those in need

Twin Cities Food Justice used a business recycling grant from Hennepin County to start a waste reduction initiative known as the Priceless Produce Program . Twin Cities Food Justice volunteers collect fresh foods from donors such as bakeries, grocery stores and farmers markets to share at a Minneapolis Public Housing Authority building in the Stevens Square neighborhood . Each Sunday they provide a pop-up market that serves 35 to 50 families with food items that would otherwise go to waste . In the first year of the project, they redistributed over 21,000 pounds of largely organic food items .

Success story


At schoolNearly 80% of school waste is recyclable or compostable . The county has provided assistance and grants to schools for waste reduction, recycling and organics recycling projects since 2002 . School staff and students are educated on waste reduction and recycling through presentations, free recycling signage, and bi-monthly school recycling meetings .

2019 results:

• Awarded $179,850 in grants to 18 schools to start or improve recycling and organics recycling programs .

• Presented 62 lessons on waste reduction, recycling, and organics recycling to 3,970 students .

• Delivered 147 cubic yards of free compost in partnership with the Mulch Store to 41 schools to close the loop on organics recycling .

• Held five school recycling meetings for staff and volunteers to learn about waste management best practices and sustainability . Meetings also featured tours of a recycling sorting facility and Hennepin County’s waste-to-energy facility .

Prairie Seeds Academy reduces trash by 90%

With the help of a school recycling grant, Prairie Seeds Academy in Brooklyn Park started a schoolwide recycling and organics recycling program . By recycling and composting, they reduced daily trash

at lunch from 14 bags to less than one bag! To further reduce waste, the school cafeteria switched from disposable plastic utensils to reusable metals ones . Prairie Seeds also started collecting organics in the hallways and paper towels from the restrooms to be composted .

Success story

Use of portable recycling units

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Number of events borrowing containers

Estimated total number of attendees

At events and on the goHennepin County makes portable recycling containers available for event organizers to borrow at no cost to add recycling and organics recycling at events . The county also provides container labels to improve recycling in public spaces such as parks, recreation centers and business districts .

2019 results

• Loaned recycling containers to 73 events with a total attendance of more than 569,135 people .

• Awarded $84,430 in public space recycling grants to three cities to purchase 179 containers for parks and public areas


Many items that aren’t accepted in residential recycling programs can still be recycled through drop-offs . There are also items that contain hazardous materials that must be kept out of the trash because they can harm our health or the environment if not disposed of safely .

To ensure proper disposal of hazardous items, the county operates two permanent drop-off facilities in Bloomington and Brooklyn Park where residents can get rid of electronics, appliances and household hazardous wastes . To provide more convenient local disposal options, the county also offers collection events at various sites throughout the county .

Additionally, the county provides disposal of medicines at drop boxes and promotes additional disposal and recycling opportunities provided by cities and retailers .

2019 results

• Served more than 145,000 residents and collected nearly 4,500 tons of household hazardous waste and problem materials at county drop-off facilities .

• Served over 4,425 residents and collected over 225,000 pounds of household hazardous waste at community collection events held in Minnetonka, St . Louis Park, Minneapolis, and Orono .

Material highlights

Paint

Paint is one of the most common materials brought to the Hennepin County drop-off facilities or collection events for recycling .

• Collected more than 1 .7 million pounds of paint at county drop-off facilities and events .

• Promoted availability of paint disposal at 38 independent sites that partner with PaintCare, including hardware stores and paint stores . These independent sites collected 132,041 pounds of paint .

• Received $658,000 dollars from PaintCare for costs related to paint disposal .

Providing a critical disposal service

The county began collecting household hazardous waste and problem materials in 1986 . Since then, the county has provided service to more than 2 .3 million visitors, collecting over 197 million pounds of materials . That amounts to more than 80 pounds per carload!

Success story

Promoting drop-offs for hazardous waste and additional recyclables


Medicine• Collected nearly 20,000 pounds of medicine at county

sites .

• Promoted the increased availability of medicine drop boxes . There were 55 medicine drop boxes available in 2019, a significant increase from 35 in 2018 and 11 in 2017 . 22 of the boxes are operated in partnership with the county, and 33 are operated by independent pharmacies .

• Held 21 medicine collection events at senior living facilities, serving 229 residents and collecting 226 pounds of medicines .

• Participated in DEA take-back days in April and October, collecting 835 pounds of medicines at six locations .

• Held a medicine take back event at the Hennepin County Government Center in December, collecting nearly 60 pounds of medicines .

Mattress recycling

Most of the materials in a mattress can be recycled . For example, the steel springs can be made into new steel products, cotton is recycled into a filtration media such as oil filters for large equipment, and foam is recycled into new foam products such as carpet padding . Residents can drop off mattresses for recycling at the Hennepin County drop-off facility in Brooklyn Park or Second Chance Recycling in Minneapolis, and pickup is available in the eastern part of the county .

• Received over 7,700 mattresses for recycling in 2019 .

Changes to collection programs

Batteries present fire hazard

The county discontinued battery collection at community locations, which included city and county buildings, libraries, schools, and community

centers, due to concerns about fire hazards . The concern arose when vape pens/e-cig devices, which contain batteries that are difficult to remove, were found in battery recycling bins . The combination of vape pens/e-cig devices that heat up when activated and rechargeable batteries that are flammable proved dangerous . The specific concern with vape pens is that many have a push button activator that turns on the heat with very little pressure . The county continues to accept batteries at the drop-off facilities in Bloomington and Brooklyn Park .

Textile markets have lack of accountability

Textile recycling was discontinued at Hennepin County drop-off facilities because the county was unable to find a vendor that

could verify the material was being recycled . The county provided guidance for preventing textile waste, including being a thoughtful consumer, investing in high-quality and durable goods, taking good care of items to extend their life, and finding creative ways to extend the life of worn out textiles . The county also encouraged donation options .


Despite the focus on diverting materials from the trash through waste reduction, reuse, recycling and organics recycling, residents and businesses put almost 761,000 tons of stuff in the trash in 2019 . This amounts to more than 1,200 pounds per person . There are two options for managing waste that remains after recycling: burning it to recover resources or burying it in a landfill .

Processing waste to generate energy is environmentally preferable to landfilling and provides the opportunity to recover metal for recycling . The county’s waste-to-energy facility, the Hennepin Energy Recovery Center (HERC), produces enough electricity to power 25,000 homes and provides steam to the downtown Minneapolis district energy system and Target Field .

2019 results

• Recovered more than 16,000 tons of metal for recycling .

• Met state law to process trash before landfilling, with 339,600 tons of trash delivered to HERC .

• Cleaned and treated air emissions at HERC to remain well below MPCA permitted levels .

Recovering resources from the trash

Heat from HERC greens Target Field before the spring home opener and melts the snow at Target Field Station all winter long.

HERC metal recycling in contextin tons

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HERC

Hennepin County Environment and Energy

hennepin.us [email protected] 612-348-3777

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