reducing pesticide use precision targeting · • precision targeting of control efforts •...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reducing Pesticide Use Through Spatial Mapping and
Precision Targeting
Jeffrey A. WeierSprague Pest Solutions
![Page 3: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Expectations for New Technology
• Computer Modeling, “Killing Pests With Information”
• Increase Efficiency• Decrease Pesticide Risk• Proactive and Preventative
![Page 4: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Using Spatial Analysis
• Locate source of infestation• Determine magnitude of activity• Precision targeting of control efforts• Document changes in pest activity• Document results of control efforts• Locate immigration points• Separate sources of multiple infestations
![Page 5: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Illustration of Non-spatial vs. Spatial Data Analysis
Typical non-spatial analysis of egg counts in 54 locations at a naval communication base in Hawaii
The same data when spatial relationships of observations are considered.
Red areas are highest populations, only those areas require intervention.
![Page 6: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
900 3275 5650 8025 10400
Easting
8100
10400
12700
15000
17300
19600
21900
Nor
thin
g
Mt. St. Helens
![Page 7: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IMM Population StructureBased on Pheromone Trap
Captures
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
![Page 8: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Two Software Packages
• Surfer• Lower Cost• Some Limitations
• Arcview GIS• Higher Cost• More Capable
![Page 9: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Constructing Maps in Surfer
![Page 10: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Base Map
0,16 630,0
630, 3520, 352
![Page 11: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Types of Data
• Sticky Traps (Number of Insects or Rodents Captured)
• Pheromone Traps (Number of Insects Captured)
• Light Traps (Weights or Numbers of Insects Captured)
• Rodent Traps or Baits (Consumption or Number Captured)
![Page 12: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Trap Locations
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
19
20
21
25
26
27
31
32
33
37
38
39
![Page 13: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Contour Map Generation
• Computer software calculates grid nodes for the contour map (actual trap capture numbers are not used to generate contour map)
• Software created a 49x10 node grid• Nodes with identical values are connected by
smooth curves• Spaces between contour curve are filled in with
different colors
![Page 14: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nodes Created by Surfer
![Page 15: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IMM Population StructureBased on Pheromone Trap
Captures
![Page 16: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Using Contour Maps
• Locate source of infestation• Determine magnitude of activity• Locate immigration points• Document changes in activity• Document results of control efforts• Separate sources of multiple infestations
![Page 17: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Initial Indian Meal Moth Activity
![Page 18: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Infestation Growing
![Page 19: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Infestation Spreads Throughout Warehouse
![Page 20: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
After Treatment of Infestation Foci
![Page 21: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IMM and Cigarette Beetles
![Page 22: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
How Traps Affect Contour Map Accuracy
• More traps give better results• Zero captures are as important as traps that
capture insects• Traps that attract over longer distances will
make the maps less accurate. They will still give valuable information.
• Traps, used in mapping, should not be moved or shuffled
![Page 23: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
12 Traps 120 Traps
![Page 24: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
With Zeros Without Zeros
![Page 25: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Probability Maps
• Sort traps by number of captures• Calculate the summary percentage
compared to total, ranking for each trap• Assign a value of “1” to each trap until the
75% level is reached• Assign a value of “0” to other traps• Grid the 0 and 1 values and generate a
contour map based on this grid
![Page 26: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Probability Maps• Actual number of insects captured by the
trap at the 75% cumulative level is the threshold value
• Contour lines represent probability of capturing a number of insects greater than the threshold value.
![Page 27: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Probability Map
![Page 28: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Spatial Dynamics Index
• Subtracts consecutive probability values to create a new grid.
• Compares pest populations from one service to the next.
• Negative values indicate population decrease; positive values equal population increase; Zero values indicate no change
• Because values represent probabilities the magnitude of number has no meaning
![Page 29: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Spatial Dynamics Index
![Page 30: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Representation of Multi Level Trapping
![Page 32: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Red and Confused Flour Beetles
• Short range attraction; place close together near suspect product
• Must use a food attractant in combination with pheromone
• Use pitfall trap (Flitetrak M2) or Pantry Patrol• Not practical for routine monitoring of entire
facility; use near susceptible or suspect product
![Page 35: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Where to Use Flour Beetle Traps
• Small rooms• Specific products• Before inspections• Susceptible product in long term storage• Suspect product
![Page 36: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Pitfall Traps
![Page 37: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Flour Beetle Traps in Electrical Room
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 550
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8 9
![Page 39: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 550
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
![Page 40: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Environmental Effects
![Page 41: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Warehouse Temperature Pheromone Trap Captures
![Page 43: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Summary• Contour maps help focus control measures• Contour mapping can detect the source of low-
level activity• Mapping of environmental factors can help
predict activity• Spatial dynamics index can quantify changes in
populations• Contour maps can help pinpoint sources of
immigration• Contour maps can track efficacy of treatments
![Page 44: Reducing Pesticide Use Precision Targeting · • Precision targeting of control efforts • Document changes in pest activity • Document results of control efforts • Locate immigration](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062507/5fe0e2326fd38249d979a462/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Want to Know More?
Edward H. Isaaks and R. Mohan Srivastava. Applied Geostatistics, New York:Oxford University Press, 1989.
Richard J. Brenner, Dana A. Focks, Richard T. Arbogast, David K. Weaver, and Dennis Shuman. Practical Use of Spatial Analysis in Precision Targeting for Integrated Pest Management. Anonymous. Anonymous. American Entomologist 44(2):79-101, 1998.
R. T. Arbogast, P. E. Kendra, R. W. Mankin, and J. E. McGovern. Monitoring insect pests in retail stores by trapping and spatial analysis. Anonymous. Anonymous. Journal of Economic Entomology 93(5):1531-1542, 2000.