reducing poverty through mainstreaming of disaster management into the governance

8/3/2019 Reducing Poverty Through Mainstreaming Of Disaster Management Into The Governance

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―REDUCING POVERTY THROUGH

MAINSTREAMING OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT INTO THE GOVERNANCE‖

BY Gen (retd) N C Vij



Comprehensive Management Approach Comprises:

Hazard Assessment.

Vulnerability Analysis.

Setting up of Sizeable Management Capacity.

RISK REDUCTION – MANAGEMENTAPPROACH



Vulnerability Leads to-

1. Potential damage to Population- Life Health Wellness

2. Capital Losses- Infrastructure Housing

3. Loss of Natural Capital- Forests Agricultural Land etc

4. Homelessness, Malnutrition and Epidemics.

VULNERABILITY



Expanding Population.

INDIA - FACTORS CONTIBUTING TOVULNERABILITY

UnregulatedRapid Urbanization

Industrial Development

Environmental Degradation.

Climate Change.

Non Compliance of regulatory Regimen.



GLOBAL DISASTERS : TREND



GLOBAL - NATURAL DISASTERS REPORTED:1975-2008

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

N u m

b e r o f D i s a s t e r s R e p o r t e d

0

50

100

150

200

300

350

250

400

450

500

550

Annx. 1



0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Richest Nations Poorest Nations

Economic Losses in US $ Billion

Richest Nations Poorest Nations

DISASTER LOSSES IN THE RICHEST ANDPOOREST NATIONS (1985-99)

Source: UNISDR 2004, adapted from Munich Re 1999.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Poorest NationsRichest Nations

Economic Losses as % of GrossDomestic Product

Poorest Nations Richest Nations



TOTAL AMMOUNT OF DISASTER DAMAGEBETWEEN 1991 - 2000 IN MILLIONS OF $ US

AMERICA

ASIAEUROPE

AFRICA 1,64,868.1(21 %)

4,00,641.8 (52 %)2,04,434(26 %)

2,140.2(0 %)

11,753.2(1 %)

OCEANIA

Annx. 3



MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2009

YEAR PLACES DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES (APPROX)

1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000

1993 Latur Earthquake 9500

1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200

1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000

1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887

2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000

2004 SE India Tsunami 15000

2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700

2005 J&K Avalanche 350

2005 Mah, Guj, HP,

Karnataka, T’Nadu

Floods 1569

2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336

2008 Bihar Floods (Kosi) 300

2009 West Bengal Cyclone & Landslides 264

2009 Karnataka & Andhra Pradesh Floods 200

TOTAL 61206 *

* Excludes 1200-1500 Casualties due to Natural Disasters every year.

Annx. 4



DYNAMICS OF DISASERS

Developing Countries suffer more severely from the

effects of natural disasters than the Developed Countries

Twenty Four developing countries are under extreme threat –

India is the most affected.

Ninety percent of all human deaths due to disasters is from

developing countries



Resolution Passed-- Mainstreaming of Disaster Risk Management in all areasof developmental cooperation

DISASTER RISK REDUCTIONWORLD CONFERENCE AT KOBE(JAPAN)

JAN 2005

Only way to Achieve

United Nations Millennium Development Goals

For Disaster Risk Reduction Measures to be

incorporated in National Poverty AlleviationPolicies.



1. Centre staging disaster risk reduction Measures into

Developmental policies and programmes.

2. Ensuring that benefits of Prevention, Mitigation,

Preparedness and Response, Measures reach weaker

sections effectively.

3. Empowering the Community.

4. Recovery measures to include alternatives means of

livelihood.

5. Technological measures as force multipliers.

INDIA - SPECIFIC AREAS WARRANTINGEMPHASIS



MAINSTREAMING DISASTER MANAGEMENT INTO

GOVERNANCE

POLICY INITIATIVES AND MEASURES INISTITUTED



DM ACT 2005 - SALIENT FEATURES



APPROACH

Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and IntegratedApproach.

Backed by – Institutional Framework and Statutory Authority.

Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e., Response

Fund and Mitigation Fund.

DM STRUCTURE

NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon’ble PM as Chairperson.

DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State and District. National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and

Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of NDMA.

Responsibility Rests Primarily with States. Centre acts as Facilitator

DM ACT - SALIENT FEATURES



VISION AND STRATEGYVISION FOR PARADIGM SHIFT

―To build A SAFE AND DISASTER RESILIENT INDIA by developing a holistic, proactive,multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation,preparedness and efficient response.‖

STRATEGY

A multi-dimensional Strategy, focusing on –

Pre-disaster Phase:

1. Prevention.

2. Mitigation.

3. Preparedness.

4. Capacity Building

5. Community based Disaster Management (including Public Awareness).

Post-disaster Phase:

6. Prompt and Efficient Response – Proactive.

7. Reconstruction and Recovery (Building back better).



MAINSTREAMING DM INTO DEVELOPMENTAL PLANS

1. All new Projects/ Programmes will mandatorily have DM resilience inbuilt (at

times of conceptualization, formulation and implementation2. Modalities finalized with Planning Commission and instituted.

• All Expenditure Finance Committee (EFC), Cabinet Committee on EconomicAffairs (CCEA) and Public Investment Board (PIB) notes to contain DM AuditCertification.

• Need for DM Audit Accepted for – (a) All New and Ongoing Projects/ Programmes.

(b) Selective revisiting of project

3. Planning Commission has also agreed to allocate additionalfunds allocation for –

(a) Ensuring Disaster Resilience.

(b) Measures thrown up by the DM Plans prepared by CentralMinistries/ Departments and States/ UTs – following theGuidelines of the NDMA.3).

4. Similar measure under institutionalization by the states,.

5. Private and Housing Sectors still under finalisation. ( Most Important)



MITIGATION PROJECTS

Projects - Approved

And Started

1. Cyclones

No of States and UTs affected 13.30% of the population

World Bank Project 1496 Cr

Commenced in Odisha & AP

22 States in Zones IV & V2 Distt per State (200 Schools

per Distt)Outlay Rs 50 Crore.

2. School SafetyPilot Project

Fore runner to a full National Project



MITIGATION PROJECTS

Projects Under

Govt Approval

3. Earthquakes

Outlay 1850 Crores.All States at risks58.6% of land Mass.To Train

Engineers 90,000 Architects 24,000 Masons 5 lacs

Enforce Building Bye Laws.

Awareness Campaign



MITIGATION PROJECTS (contd)

4.Information andCommunication Network

Outlay 986 Cr Last mile Connectivity Will cover both natural and

manmade disasters

5.National Response Reserves Outlay 229 Cr Response Stores for

400,000 People(150,000 inhilly areas

Stores located with NDRFBns.

Replenishment will beexpenditure related

Projects on Floods, Landslides and Medical preparedness are under preparation



CAPACITY BUILDING:MAJOR INITIATIVES



CREATION OF RESPONSE FORCES

3. National Disaster ResponseForce Battalions(State of the Art Equipment)

Raised 8Under raising 2

. Each State to raise at leastone battalion equivalent force.

. Dedicated Force

. State of the art Equipment

1. National CD Act

Amended

2. CD to be Distt

Centric

3. 100 Distt to be

covered

4. 100 Crore

Project

1. Revamp of Civil Defence.(All States)

2. Revamp of Fire Services



NDRF BNS – LOCATIONS

BhatindaPunjab

Ghaziabad

Uttar Pradesh

Vadodara

Gujarat

Pune

Maharashtra

Mundali

Odisha

Kolkata

West Bengal

Guwahati

Assam

Patna

Bihar

Arakkonam

Tamil Nadu LEGEND

BNs

CBRN BNs

New Raisings

Guntur Andhra Pradesh

Two more Battalions Approved

Annx. 6



OPERATIONS AND CAPACITY BUILDING

NDRF AND CIVIL DEFENCE

People Rescued 2.43 Lakhs.

Community Training for Disaster Response 10.5 Lakhs.

TOT for SDRF 510.

Training of State Police Personnel 980.

Deployed

136 times in

22 States

Annx. 5



SURAT, HAZIRA, GUJARAT

Chemical (Industrial) Disasters.

• Exercises. :41.

• Major Accident Hazard (MAH) Units Exercised. :69.

• MAH Industries Sensitized. : 140.

• On Site Workers Participated. :879,700.

• Off-Site People Sensitized. :3.03 Lakhs.

CAPACITY BUILDING (contd)

IOCL PANIPAT, HARYANA,

Nuclear Power Plants

Off site Exercise carried outin all plants. Civil Administration andcommunity exercised.

Annx. 7



NSS Training at Pune

Training of Students and Youth.

• Training of Students. : 1,03 Lakhs (Including 3,527 Teachers).

• NCC. : 92,300.

• NSS. : 800.

• NYKS. : 1000.

NCC Training at Hyderabad

CAPACITY BUILDING (contd)

Annx. 8



STRENGTHENING OF FIRE & EMERGENCYSERVICES.

Status

• Present shortage : 91%.

• Weakest link presently in DM apparatus of the Country – Matter of GraveConcern.

Financial Allocation Finances allotted by Thirteenth Finance Commission under

―Local Bodies Grant‖.

Performance based.

To be published in State Gazette.

Finance Commission also sanctioned finances separately for six states.

Planning Commission also sanctioned -200 crore.



CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES BY

NDMA AND UNDP



NDMA-UNDP ASSISTED PROGRAMMES FOR CAPACITYBUILDING

Established ―Disaster Management Committees‖ in176 distt at Community, Block ,Gram Panchayat andDistt level to respond to natural disasters.

Disaster Management and Mitigation plans weredeveloped in-

243 Districts . 32,374 GramPanchhhayats

1485 Blocks. 72739 Villages

Annx. 9



NDMA - UNDP ASSISTED PROGRAMMES FOR CAPACITY

BUILDING

Emergency operations Centres established in-

States 12.Distts 89 ( Distts at risk-302)

Integrated Control Rooms set up in—

NDMA

MHA

Institutional strengthening of arrangements in: -. 26 State Disaster Management Authorities

. 3 Districts Disaster Management Authorities in each State.

Annx. 10



SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICALINITIATIVES



SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INITIATIVES

1. Preparation of Digital Maps.

2. Preparation of Upgraded Hazard Maps.

3. Development of GIS Platform for Vulnerability Analysis and

Risk Assessment and Decision Support System.4. Seismic Microzonation.

5. Improved Modeling for Advanced Forecasting Capability.

6. National Disaster Management Information System (NDMIS)

7. National Disaster Communication Network (NDCN).

8. Additional Emergency Response Centres.



MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS

MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS



MEDICAL PREPAREDNESSStructural Measures:

1. Upgradation of Poison Information Centres 3

2. All State Forensic Laboratories being upgraded.

3. Bio Safety Laboratories (BSL).

• Under upgradation to Level 4&3 – 14 & 5 Total 19.

• Upgraded to Level 2+ – 44 (Govt. 23, PrivateSector 21) to carry out H1N1

Testing.3. Mobile Field Hospitals.

• Mobile Field Hospitals in pipeline – 5

(MHA – 03 and MoH&FW – 02).

4. Ambulance Services.

• Already functional [ 9 States- Already completed12 States – In progress ]

5. Trauma Centres 3 Hospitals

6. Training

Basic life support and advance trauma & CBRN training for doctors under

progress.

EDUCATION



EDUCATION

1. School Education

Already part of CBSE Stream.

States are also introducing in Board education.

2 Disaster Management Education planned to be included

in curriculum for all post and under graduate courses:

All colleges ( Under progress).

Technical and Non-technical Education.

Agriculture. Already Done.

Medical Selective syllabai already introduced.

ROAD AHEAD



ROAD AHEAD

1. Govt. must adopt this Subject as a part of―National

Agenda‖– Business as Usual approach will nothelp.

2. Assured Financial Support Minimum25,000 Crore

over next five years.

3. Compliance of Techno-legal Regime .

4. Empowerment of Disaster Management Authorities.

POLITICAL WILL----- HONESTY OF PURPOSE



CONCLUSION



THANK YOU

reducing poverty through mainstreaming of disaster management into the governance

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