1. 1. :. :.' > f ", " 'I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - JEARL WALKER
2. 2. Quadratic Formula -b Vb2 - 4ac Ifax2 + bx + c = 0, then x = 2a Binomial Theorem (1) I1X 11(11-1)x2 +,1/=1+-+ +". . I! 2! Products ofVectors Let ebe the smaller of the two angles between aand b. Then 1 j k ax b = -b x a= a,- ay az b, by bz ~ Ial'= 1 - by azl_ I Ia, bz b, azl + k Ia, bz b, ayl by la X bl = ab sin e Trigonometric Identities sin CI' sin f3 = 2 sin ~(CI' (3) cos ~(CI' += (3) cos CI' + cos f3 = 2 cos !(CI' + (3) cos ~(CI' - (3) *See Appendix E for a more complete list. Factor Prefix 1024 yotta 1021 zetta 1018 exa 1015 peta 1012 tera 109 giga 106 mega 103 kilo 102 hecto 101 deka Symbol Y Z E P T G M k h da Derivatives and Integrals d . -SlllX = COSX dx d . -cosx = -SlllX dx d -ex = eX dx Jsin x dx = - cos x Jcos,x dx = sin x JeX dx = eX Cramer's Rule Two simultaneous equations in unknowns x and)" have the solutions x= and y= Factor Prefix 10-1 deci 10-2 centi 10-3 milli 10--6 micro 10-9 nano 10-12 pico 10-15 femto 10-18 atto 10-21 zepto 10-24 yocto I CI bllCl b2 I:~ ~~I Symbol d c m fL n P f a z y Clbl - C2bl albl - alb1 *In all cases, the first syllable is accented, as in IHl-no-me-ter.
3. 3. HALLIDAY &RESNICK Cleveland State University @ WILEY , I TH EDITION
4. 4. SPONSORING EDITOR Geraldine Osnato EXECUTIVE EDITOR Stuart Johnson ASSISTANT EDITOR Aly Rentrop ASSOCIATE MARKETING DIRECTOR Christine Kushner SENIOR PRODUCTION EDITOR Elizabeth Swain TEXT DESIGNER Madelyn Lesure COVER DESIGNER M77 Design DUMMY DESIGNER Lee Goldstein PHOTO EDITOR Hilary Newman EXECUTIVE MEDIA EDITOR Thomas Kulesa COVER IMAGE Eric Heller/Photo Researchers, Inc. This book was set in 10/12 Times Ten by Prepare and was printed and bound by RRDonnelley/Jefferson City. The cover was printed by RRDonnelley/Jefferson City. This book is printed on acid free paper. Copyright 2011, 2008, 2005, 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appro- priate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, website www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, (201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.comlgo/permissions. Evaluation copies are provided to qualified academics and professionals for review purposes only, for use in their courses during the next academic year. These copies are licensed and may not be sold or transferred to a third party. Upon completion of the review period, please return the evaluation copy to Wiley. Return instructions and a free of charge return shipping label are available at www.wiley.comlgo/returnlabel. Outside of the United States, please contact your local representative. Librmy of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Halliday, David Fundamentals of physics I David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Jear! Walker.-9th ed. p.cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-46911-8 Binder-ready version ISBN 978-0-470-55653-5 Also catalogued as Extended version: ISBN 978-0-470-46908-8 1. Physics-Textbooks. I. Resnick, Robert II. Walker, Jear! III. Title. QC21.3.H35 2011 530-dc22 Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 2009033774
5. 5. 1 1Measurement 2Motion Along a Straight Line Vectors 4Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 5Force and Motion - I BForce and Motion - II 7Kinetic Energy and Work 8Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 9Center of Mass and Linear Momentum 10 Rotation 11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum 12 Equilibrium and Elasticity 13 Gravitation 14 Fluids 15 Oscillations 1B Waves-I Waves -II 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 19The Kinetic Theory of Gases Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 21 Electric Charge Electric Fields Gauss'Law Electric Potential Capacitance BRIEF CONTENT Current and Resistance Circuits Magnetic Fields Magnetic Fields Due to Currents Induction and Inductance 31 Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current Maxwell's Equations; Magnetism of Matter Electromagnetic Waves Images 35 Interference 36 Diffraction Relativity Photons and Matter Waves ;i9More About Matter Waves All About Atoms Conduction of Electricity in Solids Nuclear Physics Energy from the Nucleus Ouarks, Leptons, and the Big Bang Appendices Answers to Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Ouestions and Problems Index vii
6. 6. '1 1 H What Is Physics? 1 1-2 Measuring Things 1 1-3 The International System of Units 2 1-4 Changing Units 3 1-5 Length 3 1-6 Time 5 1-7 Mass 6 REVIEW & SUMMARY 8 PROBLEMS 8 2 G 2-1 What Is Physics? 13 2-2 Motion 13 2"3 Position and Displacement 1 3 2-4 Average Velocity and Average Speed 14 2-5 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 17 2-6 Acceleration 18 2-7 Constant Acceleration: ASpecial Case 22 2-8 Another Look at Constant Acceleration 24 2'9 Free-Fall Acceleration 25 2-10 Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis 27 13 REVIEW & SUMMARY 29 QUESTIONS 29 PROBLEMS 30 38 3-1 What Is Physics? 38 3-2 Vectors and Scalars 38 3-3 Adding Vectors Geometrically 39 3-4 Components of Vectors 41 3-5 Unit Vectors 44 H Adding Vectors by Components 44 3-7 Vectors and the Laws of Physics 47 3-3 Multiplying Vectors 47 REVIEW & SUMMARY 52 QUESTIONS 53 PROBLEMS 54 58 4-1 What Is Physics? 58 4-2 Position and Displacement 58 4-3 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 60 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 62 4'~ Projectile Motion 64 H Projectile Motion Analyzed 66 4-] Uniform Circular Motion 70 4-8 Relative Motion in One Dimension 73 H Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 74 REVIEW & SUMMARY 76 QUESTIONS 77 PROBLEMS 78 CONTENTS R 87 5-1 What Is Physics? 87 5-2 Newtonian Mechanics 87 5-3 Newton's First Law 87 5-4 Force 88 5-5 Mass 90 5-6 Newton's Second Law 91 5,,"1 Some Particular Forces 95 5-8 Newton's Third Law 98 5-9 Applying Newton's Laws 1 00 REVIEW & SUMMARY 105 QUESTIONS 106 PROBLEMS 108 116 6-1 What Is Physics? 11 6 6-2 Friction 11 6 6-3 Properties of Friction 11 9 6-4 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed 121 6-5 Uniform Circular Motion 124 REVIEW & SUMMARY 129 QUESTIONS 129 PROBLEMS 130 1 140 7-1 What Is Physics? 1 40 7-2 What Is Energy? 140 n Kinetic Energy 1 41 H Work 142 7-5 Work and Kinetic Energy 142 7-B Work Done by the Gravitational Force 1 46 H Work Done by aSpring Force 1 49 7-8 Work Done by aGeneral Variable Force 151 7-9 Power 155 REVIEW & SUMMARY 157 QUESTIONS 157 PROBLEMS 159 166 fl-1 What Is Physics? 166 8-2 Work and Potential Energy 167 B-3 Path Independence of Conservative Forces 168 fH Determining Potential Energy Values 1 70 8-5 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 173 0-6 Reading aPotential Energy Curve 176 3-] Work Done on aSystem by an External Force 180 H-B Conservation of Energy 183 REVIEW & SUMMARY 186 QUESTIONS 187 PROBLEMS 189 ix
7. 7. x CONTENTS u 201 9'1 What Is Physics? 201 9"2 The Center of Mass 201 9I'ldl'!'Ilti'Ul