195

REFERENCES

Agnes, M. (1996). Webster’s new world dictionary and thesaurus. New York, NY:

Macmillan.

Agnew, R., & White, H. R. (1992). An Empirical Test of General Strain

Theory*.Criminology, 30(4), 475-500.

Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and

delinquency*. Criminology, 30(1), 47-88.

Ahadi, H. Banijamali, S. (1994). Developmental Psychology (from childhood to

adulthood). Roshd Publications. Tehran.

Ahadi, H. Mohseni, N. (1993). Developmental Psychology: Fundamental concepts

in Psychology of Adolescence and Youth. Bonyad Publications.

Ahmadi, A. (1989). Juveniles and adolescents psychology (personality behavioural,

educational, occupational, delinquency, and addiction). First edition,

Tehran, Iran: Masha’al Publications.

Ahmadi, H. (1999).Theories of the deviations. Tehran. Roz Publications.

Ahmadi, H. (2005). Sociology of deviation. Tehran, Iran: Samt Publications.

Ahmadi, A.(1997). Psychology of Adolescence and Youth. Tehran. Mashal.

Publications.

Alegre, A. (2011). Counseling and therapy for couples and families. v19, p 56-62.

Andi, H. K. (2012). Emotional Intelligence and Personality Traits: A Correlational

Study of MYEIT and BFI. International Journal of Academic Research in

Business and Social Sciences, 2(10), 285-295.

Appelbaum, S. A. (1973). Psychological-mindedness: Word, concept and essence. The

International Journal of Psychoanalysis. Vol 54(1), 35-46.

196

Aseltine Jr, R. H., Gore, S., & Gordon, J. (2000). Life stress, anger and anxiety, and

delinquency: An empirical test of general strain theory. Journal of Health and

Social Behavior, 41(3), 256-275.

Aultman, M. G., & Wellford, C. F. (1978). Towards an integrated model of

delinquency causation: An empirical analysis. Sociology and Social

Research, 63,316-327

Austin , E. J., Saklofske , D. H., & Egan, V. ( 2005 ). Personality, well - being and

health correlates of trait Emotional Intelligence . Personality and

Individual Differences, 38,547-558 .

Austin, E. J., Parker, J. D. A., Petrides, K. V., &Saklofske, D. H. ( 2008 ). Emotional

intel-ligence. In G.J. Boyle, G. Matthews, & D. H. Saklofske (Eds.), The

SAGE handbook of personality theory and testing: Vol. 1. Personality

theories and models (pp. 576 – 596 Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Austin, E. J., Saklofske, D. H., Hunage,S.h.S. & Mckenny, D. (2004). Measurement

of traits Emotional Intelligence: Testing and cross-validation a modified

version of Schutte et al. (1998) measure. Personality and individual

differences, 36(3), 555-562

Bahr, S. J. (1979). Family determinants and effects of deviance. In W. R. Burr, R.

Hill, F I. Nye, & I. L. Reiss (Eds.), Contemporary theories about the

family: Research-based.theories (pp. 615-640). New York: Free Press

Bar-On, R. (1997). Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Technical manual .

Toronto, Canada: Multi -Health Systems Inc .

Barchard, K. (2003). Does Emotional Intelligence assist in the prediction of

academic success? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(5),

840-858.

197

Barchard, K. (2003). Does Emotional Intelligence assist in the prediction of

academic success? Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(5),

840-858.

Barnett, W. S., Young, J. W., & Schweinhart, L. J. (1998). How preschool education

influences long-term cognitive development and school success: A causal

model. InW. S. Barnett & S. S. Boocock (Eds.), Early care and education

for children in poverty: Promises, programs, and long-term results

(pp.167-184). Albany: State University of New York Press.

Bar-On, R. (2003). How important is it to educate people to be emotionally and

socially intelligent, can it be done? Perspectives in Education, 21(4), 3-16.

Baron, R. M., & Parker, J. D. A. (2000). E.Q.i:YV BarOn emotional quotient

inventory: youth version. Technical manual. North Towanda, NY: Multi-

Health Systems Inc

Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism

to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self-esteem.

Psychological Review, 103(1), 5-33.

Bechara, A., & Bar-On, R. (2004). The neurological substrates of emotional and

socialintelligence evidence from patients with focal brain lesions. In J. T.

Cacioppo & G. G. Bernston (Eds.) Essays in social neuroscience.

Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Bechara, A., Tranel, D., & Damasio, R. (2000). Poor judgment in spite of high

intellect: neurological evidence for Emotional Intelligence. In R. Bar-On &

J.D. A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. SanFrancisco:

Jossey-Bass.

198

Bennett, K. J., Brown, K. S., Boyle, M., Racine, Y., & Offord, D. (2003). Does low

reading achievement at school entry cause conduct problems? Social

Science and Medicine, 56(12), 2443-2448.

Binder, A. (1987). An historical and theoretical introduction. In H. C. Quay (Ed.),

Handbook of juvenile delinquency.New York: Wiley

Bindu, P., & Thomas, I. (2006). Gender differences in Emotional

Intelligence.PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES-UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT, 51(4),

261.

Bjork J et al. (2008). Recreational Values of the Natural Environment in Relation to

Neighborhood Satisfaction, Physical Activity, Obesity and Well being. J

Epidemiol Community Health.

Bolton, F. G., Reich, J. W., & Gutierrez, S. E. (1977). Delinquency patterns in

maltreated children and siblings. Victimology, 2, 349-357.

Borjali, A., & Abdolmaleki, S. (2011). Crime psychology. Distance University,

Tehran, Iran.

Bostani, M., & Saiiari, A. (2011). Comparison Emotional Intelligence and Mental Health

between Athletic and Non-Athletic Students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral

Sciences, 30, 2259-2263.

Bowlby, J. (1949). Why delinquency? (Report of the Conference on the Scientific

Study of Juvenile Delinquency). London: National Association for Mental

Health

Bown R, F., Schutte N. S. (2006). Direct and indirect relationships

between Emotional Intelligence and subjective fatigue in university

students. Journal of Psychosom Res., 60(6), 585-93.

199

Brackett, M. A., J. D. Mayer, & R. M. Warner (2004). Emotional Intelligence and

its relation to everyday behaviour. Personality and Individual differences,

36(6), 1387-1402.

Bradberry, T. & Greaves, J. (2009). Emotional Intelligence 2.0, Talent Smart

Service.

Bradberry, T., Greaves, J., Emmerling, R., Sanders, Q., Stamm, S., Su, L.D., &

West, A. (2003). Emotional Intelligence Appraisal Technical Manual.

Talent Smart Inc.

Byrne, B. (2000). Relationships between anxiety, fear, self-esteem, and coping

strategies in adolescence. Adolescence, 35, 201-21

Capsi, A., & Moffit,T.E( 1995). The continuity of maladaptive behaviour: from

description to understanding in the study of anti social behaviour. In D.

Cicchetti & D. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology, Vol. 2,

pp.472-5110, New York: Wiley.

Caruso, D. R., Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (2002). Emotional Intelligence and

emotional leadership. In Kravis-de Roulet Leadership Conference, 9th,

Apr, 1999, Claremont McKenna Coll, Claremont, CA, US. Lawrence

Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Caspi, A., Henry, B., McGee, R.O., Moffitt, T. E., & Silva, P.A. (1995).

Temperamental origins of child and adolescent behaviour problems: From

age three to fifteen. Child Development, 66(1), 55-68.

Chaplin, F. S. (1942). Preliminary standardization of social intelligence. New York,

NY: Free Press

200

Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P. & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional Intelligence moderates

the relationship between stress and mental health. Personality and

Individual Differences, 32, 197-209.

Ciarrochi, J., Forgas, J. P. & Mayer, J. D. (2001). Emotional Intelligence in everyday

life: A scientific inquiry. P.A. Psychology press, Philadelphia

Cloward, R. A., & Ohlin, L. E. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity: A theory of

delinquent gangs. New York, NY: Free Press.

Cloward, R.A. Ohlin, L.E. (1960). Delinquency and opportunity. New York, NY:

Free Press

Cobb, C. D., & Mayer, J. D. (2000). Emotional Intelligence: What the Research

Says. Educational Leadership, 58(3), 14-18.

Cohen, A. K. (1955). Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang. Glencoe, IL: Free

Press.

Cook, E. T., Greenberg, M. T., & Kusche, C. A. (1994). The relations between

emotional understanding, intellectual functioning, and disruptive behaviour

problems in elementary-school-aged children. Journal of Abnormal Child

Psychology, 22(2), 205-219.

Cooney, Elizabeth (2010). "Puberty gap: Obesity splits boys, girls. Adolescent males

at top of the BMI chart may be delayed". MSNBC. Retrieved 2010-05-22.

Corning, P. A., & Corning, C. H. (1972). Toward a general theory of violent

aggression. Social Science Information, 11,7-13

Craig , L., Fisk , J. E., Montgomery, C., Murphy, P. N., & Wareing, M. (2010). Is

Emotional Intelligence impaired in ecstasy-polydrug users? Journal of

Psychopharmacology, 24, 221-231.

201

Cronbach, L. J. (1960). Essentials of psychological testing (2nd ed.). New York,NY:

Harper and Row.

CSAP (2003). Research and Programs (now Channing Bete Company). RISK AND

PROTECTIVE. University of Nevada, Reno. CSAP's Western CAPT. All

rights reserved. Retrieved from http://www.preventionscience.com/>.

Damasio, A. R. (1994). Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason and the human brain.

NewYork,NY: Grossett/Putnam.

Danesh, T. (1973). Delinquent teens’ judgment in comparative rights. Tehran, Iran:

National Library publications.

Darwin, C. (1872/1965). The expression of emotions in man and animals. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.

Davies, P. T., Harold, G. T., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Cummings, E. M. (2002).

Child emotional security and interparental conflict. Monographs of the

Society for Research in Child Development, 67, 1-113. U.S. Blackwell

Pub.

Davis, S.K, Humphrey, N. (2012). The Influence of Emotional Intelligence (EI) on

Coping and Mental Health in Adolescence: Divergent Roles for Trait and

Ability EI. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1369-1379

Dishion, T. J., Eddy, J. M., Haas, E., Li, E, & Spracklen, K. M. (1997). Friendships

and violent behaviour during adolescence. Social Development, 6, 207-

225.

Djibuti, M. and R. Shakarishvili (2003). Influence of clinical, demographic, and

socioeconomic variables on quality of life in patients with epilepsy:

findings from Georgian study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery &

Psychiatry, 74(5), 570-573.

202

Doll, E. A. (1935). A generic scale of social maturity. American Journal of

Orthopsychiatry, 5, 180-188

Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (2005).

Low self-esteem is related to aggression, antisocial behavior, and

delinquency. Psychological science, 16(4), 328-335.

Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and Validation of a Measure of Emotional

Intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167-177.

Ekrami, R.S. (2004) Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement among

University Students (Research Report). National Institute of Psychology,

Tehran, Iran.

Elias, M. J. (1997). Promoting social and emotional learning: Guidelines for

educators. Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development.

Elliott, D. S., & Voss, H L. (1974). Delinquency and dropout. Toronto, Canada:

Lexington Goldstein, A. P. (1990). Delinquents on delinquency.

Champaign, IL: Research Pres

Engelberg, E., & Sjöberg, L. (2004). Emotional Intelligence, affect intensity, and social

adjustment. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(3), 533-542.

Extremera, N., & Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2006). Emotional Intelligence as predictor

of mental, social and physical health in university students. The Spanish

Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 45-51.

Eysenck, H. J. (1977). Crime and personality. London: Routledge & Kegan

PaulCohen, L. E., & Land, K. C. (1987). Sociobiological positivism and

the explanation ofcriminality. In F. R. Gottfredson & T. Hirschi (Eds.),

Positive criminology (pp. 43-55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

203

Fave, A. D., Brdar, F., & Vella, W. (2011). Social Indicators Research, 100(2), 185-

207.

Feldman, S., & Elliot, G. (1990). At the threshold. Boston, MA: Harvard University

press.

Feller, D. (1995). The Jacksonian promise: America, 1815-1840. Baltimore, MD:

Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ferenandez-Berrocal, P., Salovey, P., Vera, A., Extremera, N., & Ramos, N. (2005).

Cultural influences on the relation between perceived Emotional

Intelligence and depression. International Review of Social Psychology,

91-107.

Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J., (2002). Male and female offending trajectories.

Development and Psychopathology, 14, 159-177.

Fernandez-Berrocal, P., Alcaide, R., & Extremera, N. (2006). The role of Emotional

Intelligence in anxiety and depression among adolescents. Individual

Differences Research, 4, 16-27.

Finnegan, J. E. (1998). Measuring Emotional Intelligence: Where we are today,

Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational

Research Association, New Orleans, LA.

Franken, R (1998). Human motivation, fourth Edition. Student compared on a verbal

aggression construct. British journal of psychology, 681-702

Fraser, M. J., Richman, J. M., & Galinsky, M. J. (1999). Risk, protection, and

resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social

Work Research, 23, 131-143.

Freud, S. (1961). The complete works of Sigmund Freud. London: Hogarth

Alexander, F., & Healy, W. (1935). Roots of crime. New York: Knopf

204

Ganji, H. (1997). Mental Health. Arasbaran Publication.

Gardner, K. , & Qualter, P. (2009). Emotional Intelligence and Borderline

personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 47, 94 –98

Gardner,H.(1983).Frames of Minds: The theory of multiple intelligence. London,

Fontana.

Garmezy, N. (1991). Reflections on a century of research on psychopathology.

Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. (1986). Stress, competence, and resilience: Common

frontiers for therapist and psychopathologist. Behaviour Therapy, 57, 159-

174.

Gawali, K. C (2012). Role of the level of Emotional Intelligence in aggression and

crime and the remedies. Golden Research Thoughts, 1(1), 1-4

Glaser, W. (1969). Schools without failure. New York: Harper & Row

Glover, E. (1960). The roots of crime. New York: International Universities

PressLevy, D. M. (1932). On the problem of delinquency. American

Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2,197-207

Glueck, S., & Glueck, E. (1950). Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. New York:

Commonwealth Fund.

Gluek and Gluek, E.T. (1990). Unraveling juvenile delinquency. New York:

Commonwealth Fund.

Goleman, C., & Dornheim,L.(1998).Development and validation of a measure of

Emotional Intelligence. Personality and Individual differences 25,167-177.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New

York, NY: Bantam Books.

205

Goleman, D. (1995). Inteligencia emocional (Emotional Intelligence). Barcelona,

Spain: Editorial Kairos.

Goleman, D. (2003). Destructive emotions: How can we overcome them. New York,

NY: Bantam Books.

Goleman, D. (2006). Emotional Intelligence: why it can matter more than IQ. New

York, NY: Bantam Book.

Golman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New

York: Bantam Books.

Gottfredson, L (1997). Why g matters: The complexity of everyday life.

Intelligence, 24(1), 79-132.

Gould, M. S., Welting, D., Kleinman, M., Lucas, C., Thomas, J. G., & Chung, M.

(2004). Teenagers’ attitudes about coping strategies and help seeking

behaviour for suicidality. Journal of American Academy of Child and

Adolescent Psychiatry, 43, 1124-1133.

Greenhalgh, P. (1994), Emotional Growth and Learning. Routledge, London and

New York, USA.

Haddadikoohsara., A.K., Ghobarybonab, B. (2011). Relation between Emotional

Intelligence and behavioural symptoms in delinquent adolescents.

Procedia - Social and Behavioural Sciences, 30, 944 – 948

Hagan, J. (1994). Crime and disrepute. U.S.A. Pine Forge Press.

Halpern, D.F. (1992). Sex differences in cognitive abilities. New York, NY:

Erlbaum.

Hammond, S. (2007). Mental Health Needs of Juvenile Offenders, National

Conference of State Legislatures, the Forum for America’s Ideas.

206

Harms, P. D.; Credé, M. (2010). Remaining Issues in Emotional Intelligence

Research: Construct Overlap, Method Artifacts, and Lack of Incremental

Validity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on

Science and Practice 3 (2), 154–158.

Hein, S (2005). Introduction to Emotional Intelligence. Retrieved from

http://eqi.org/history.htm history and definition of Emotional Intelligence.

Helmers, K. & Mente, A. (1999). Alexithymia and health behaviours in healthy male

volunteers. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 47, 635-645.

Helson. R., & Wink, P. (1987). Two conceptions of maturity examined in the

findings of a longitudinal study. Personality processes and individual

differences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 531-541.

Hergenhahn, B.R. & Olson, M.H. (1999). An Introduction to Theories of

Personality. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Hetrington, A. M., Ross, D.P. (1994). Child psychology (2nd, ed). Astane Ghodse

Razavi Publication.

Hirschfeld, R. (2000). Psychosocial Predictors of Outcome in Depression.

http://www.acnp.org/g4/GN401000107/CH105.html.

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California

Press.

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California

Press Johnson, R. E. (1979). Juvenile delinquency and its origins.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Hoff, U. L. (1994). The enlightenment. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

207

Housman, Jeff; Dorman, Steve (2005). The Alameda County Study: A Systematic,

Chronological Review (PDF). American Journal of Health

Education (Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education,

Recreation and Dance) 36 (5): 302–308.ISSN 1055-6699. ERIC document

number EJ792845. Retrieved from

http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/337/dec10_1/a2900

Huber M et al. (2011). How should we define health? BMJ 2011;343

doi:10.1136/bmj. d4163(Published 26 July 2011).

Humphrey, N., Curran, A., Morris, E., Farrel, P., & Woods, K. (2007). Emotional

Intelligence and education: A critical review. Educational psychology,

27(2), 235-254.

Hussong, A. M., & Chassin, L. (2004). Stress and coping among children of

alcoholic parents through the young adult transition. Development of

Psychopathology, 16, 985-1006.

Jadad AR, O'Grady L. (2008). How should health be defined? BMJ; 337:a2900 –

Jaffee, W.B. & D’Zurilla, T.S. (2009). Personality, problem solving, and adolescent

substance use. Behaviour Therapy, 40(1), 93-101.

Jensen, G. & Rojek, D. (1980). Delinquency a social view. Lexington, MA: D.C.

Heathand Company.

Johnson , S. J. , Batey , M. , & Holdsworth , L. ( 2009 ). Personality and health:

The mediating role of trait Emotional Intelligence and work locus of

control . Personality and Individual Differences , 47 , 470 – 475

Johnson, A. M. (1949). Sanctions for super-ego lacunae. In K. R. Eissler (Ed.),

Searchlights on delinquency (pp. 225-244). New York: International

Universities Press.

208

Johnson, A. M., & Szurek, S. A. (1952). The genesis of antisocial acting out in

children and adults. Psychoanalytic Quarterly,21, 323-343

Jonson-Reid, M., Williams, J. H., & Webster, D. (2001). Severe emotional

disturbance and violent offending among incarcerated adolescents. Social

Work Research, 213-221.

Kamkari.K,Bahmani,M. (2000).A research on mental health status and

general quality of university students. Research Project.

Kamran, F. (2012). Demographic predictors of depression influencing quality of life

among renal transplant recipients. International Journal of Research

Studies in Psychology, 71(5), 501-507.

Kauhanen, J., Julkunen, J., & Salonen, J.T. (1992). Validity and reliability of the

Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in a population study. Journal of

Psychosomatic Research, 36(7), 687-694.

Kauhanen, J., Julkunen, J., & Salonen, J.T. (1992). Validity and reliability of the

Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS) in a population study. Journal of

Psychosomatic Research, 36(7), 687-694.

Keener,S., & Leaman,D.(2007). Understanding and managing student hostility.

National middle school association. Middle ground, 11(1), 22-23.

Kemp, A. H., Stephen, B. C, Hopkinson, P., Sumich, A. L., Paul, R. H., Clark, C. R.,

Gordon, E., Bryant, R. A., & Williams, L. H. (2005). Towards an

integrated profile of depression: Evidence from the brain resource

international database. Journal of Integrated Neuroscience, 4(1), 95-106.

Keynia, M. (1991). Principles on criminology (3rd ed.). Tehran, Iran: Tehran

publication.

209

Khaneh keshi, A & Abolghasemi, SH. (2013). Socio- Demographic predictors of

depression among high school students, Journal of Science and today's

world, 2(2), 21-32.

Lally, R. J., Mangione, P. L., & Honig, A. S. (1988). The Syracuse University

Family Development Research Program: Long-range impact of an early

intervention with low-income children and their families. In D. R. Powell

(Ed.), Parent education as early childhood intervention: Emerging

directions in theory, research and practice (pp. 79-104). Norwood, NJ:

Ablex.

Lane, R. D. (2000). Levels of emotional awareness: neurological, psychological and

social perspectives. In R. Bar-On & J.D.A. Parker (eds.), Handbook of

Emotional Intelligence. San-Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Lane, R. D., & McRae, K. (2004). Neural substrates of conscious emotional

experience: a cognitive neuroscientific perspective. B. M. Amsterdam & J.

Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: a

cognitivedevelopmental theory and its application to psychopathology.

American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133-143.

Leech, S.L., Day, N.L., Richardson, G.A., & Goldschmidt, L. (2003). Predictors of

self-reported delinquent behaviour in a sample of young adolescence.

Journal of Early Adolescence, 23, 78-106.

Lemert, E. M. (1967). Human deviance, social problems, and social control.

EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall

Lezak, M.D. (2004). Neuropsychological assessment (4th Ed.), New York: Oxford

University Press.

210

Liau, A. K., Liau, A. W. L., Teoh, G. B. S., & Liau, M. T. L. (2003). The case for

emotional literacy: The influence of Emotional Intelligence on problem

behaviours in Malaysian secondary school students. Journal of Moral

Education, 32, 51- 66.

Linden, R. (1978). Myths of middle-class delinquency. Youth and Society, 9,407-

432

Lipsey, M. W., & Derzon, J. H. (1998). Predictors of violent or serious delinquency

in adolescence and early adulthood. In R. Loeber & D. P. Farrington

(Eds.), Serious and violent juvenile offenders: Risk factors and successful

interventions (pp.86-105). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Loeber, R. (1982). The stability of antisocial behaviour: A review. Child

Development, 53,1431-1446.

Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review.

Psychological Bulletin, 94, 68-99.

Loeber, R., & Farrington, D. P. (1998). Never too early, never too late: Risk factors

and successful interventions for serious and violent juvenile offenders.

Studies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 7, 7-30.

Loney, B. R., Frick, P. J., Ellis, M., & McCoy, M. G. (1998). Intelligence, callous-

unemotional traits, and antisocial behaviour. Journal of Psychopathology

and Behavioural Assessment, 20(3), 231-247.

Lopes,P.N.Salovey.P.,Cote.Sand Beers.M(2005). Emotional regulation ability and

quality of social interaction. Emotion, 5,113-118.

MacLean, P. D. (1949). Psychosomatic disease and the visceral brain: recent

developments bearing on the Papez theory of emotion. Psychosomatic

Medicine, 2, 338-353.

211

Malmgren, K. W., & Meisel, S. M. (2004). Examining the link between child

maltreatment and delinquency for youth with emotional and behavioural

disorders. Child Welfare: Journal of Policy, Practice, and Program.

Manguin, E., & Loeber, R. (1996). Academic performance and delinquency. In M.

Tonry (Ed.), Crime and justice: A review of research (pp. 145-264).

Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Martins, A. , Ramalho , N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta - analysis

of the relation-ship between Emotional Intelligence and health .

Personality and Individual Differences,49,554-564.

Masten, A. S., Best, K. M., & Garmezy, N. (1990). Resilience and development:

Contributions from the study of children who overcome adversity.

Development and Psychopathology, 2, 425-444.

Mathews, G., Roberts, R. D., & Zeidner, M. (2003). Development of Emotional

Intelligence: A skeptical – but not dismissive-perspective. Chicago:

University of Chicago Press.

Mathews. (2006). Engaging Education: Developing Emotional Literacy, Equity and

Co-Education. Open University Press, England.

Mavroveli , S. , Petrides , K. V., Rieffe , C., & Bakker , F. ( 2007 ). Trait

Emotional Intelligence psychological well - being and peer - rated social

competence in adolescence. British Journal of Developmental Psychology ,

25 , 263 – 275.

Mavroveli, S., Petrides, K. V., Shove, C., & Whitehead, A. (2008). Investigation of

the construct of trait Emotional Intelligence in children. European child &

adolescent psychiatry, 17(8), 516-526.

212

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition

and Personality, 9(3), 185-211.

Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional Intelligence and the construction and

regulation of feelings, Applied & Preventive Psychology, 4, 197-208

Mayer, J. D. (1999 / September). Emotional Intelligence: popular or scientific

McShane M. D., & Williams, F. P. (2003). Encyclopedia of juvenile justice.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

McCrae, R.R., & Costa, P.T. (1982). Self-concept and the stability of personality:

Cross-Sectional comparisons of self-reports and ratings. Journal of

Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 1282-1292.

McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on Black families and

children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional

development. Child development, 61(2), 311-346.

Mehmood khan, T, syed sulaiman, S., & azmi hassali, M. (2009). The causes of

depression: A survey among Malaysians about perception for causes of

depression. Asian journal of pharmaceutical and clinical research, 2(2),

36-48.

Meisels, S., & Shonkoff, J. (2000). Early childhood intervention: A continuing

evolution. In J. Shonkoff & S. Meisels (Eds.), Handbook of early

childhood intervention (2nd ed., pp. 3-34). New York: Cambridge

University Press.

Merriam-Webster’ Dictionary(2011). Health.Accessed 21 April 2011.

Merton, R. K. (1938). Social structure and anomie. American Sociological Review,

3,672-682.

213

Miller, W.B. (1958). Class culture as a generating milieu of gang delinquency.

Journal of social issues, 14, 5-19.

Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescent-limited and life-course persistent antisocial

behaviour: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100, 674-

701.

Mohammadi, Seyed Davood (2007). The relationship between behavioural

discrepancies and Emotional Intelligence among students in Tehran.

Journal of medical sciences University of Karman, 14(4), 289-299.

Mohseni, M. (2007). Sociology of social deviations(1st ed.). Tahori Publications.

Momtaz, F. (2002). Social deviations, theories and views (1st ed.) Sahami-e-

Enteshar Company.

Najman, J. M, Hallam, D, & Michael, W. B. (2005). Predictors of Depression in

Very Young Children: A Prospective Study, Social Psychiatry and

Psychiatric Epidemiology, 40 (5), 367–374.

Navabinezhad, Sh. (2003). Normal behaviour in children and adolescents. Tehran,

Iran: Publication of Association for parents and educators .

Nietzel, M. T. (1979). Crime and its modification. New York: Pergamon Feldman,

M. P. (1977). Criminal behaviour: A psychological analysis. London:

Wiley

Parker, J. D. A., Taylor, R. N., Eastabrook, J. M., Schell, S. L., & Wood, L. M.

(2008). Problem gambling in adolescence: Relationships with Internet

misuse, gaming abuse and Emotional Intelligence. Personality and

Individual Differences, 45, 174 –180

Parker , J. D. A., Summerfeldt , L. J., Hogan , M. J., & Majeski, S. A. (2004).

Emotional Intelligence and academic success: Examining the transition

214

from high school to university. Personality and Individual Differences, 36,

163–172.

Parker, J. D. A., Summerfeldt, L. J., Hogan, M. J., & Majeski, S. (2004). Emotional

Intelligence and academic success: Examining the transition from high

school to university. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 163-172.

Paterson, M., Green, J. M., Basson, C., & Ross, F. (2002). Probability of assertive

behaviour, interpersonal anxiety and self-efficacy of South African

registered dietitians. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 15, 9-17.

Patterson, G. R., Reid, J., & Dishion, T. (1992). Anti-social boys. Eugene, OR:

Castalia Publishing.

Petrides , K. V. , Frederickson , N. , & Furnham , A. ( 2004 ). The role of trait

Emotional Intelligence in academic performance and deviant behaviour at

school. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 277–293.

Petrides, K.V. & Furnham, A. (2000). On the dimensional structure of Emotional

Intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 313-320.

Platsidou , M. (2010 ). Trait Emotional Intelligence of Greek special education

teachers in relation to burnout and job satisfaction. School Psychology

International, 31, 60–76.

Redl, F. (1945). The psychology of gang formation and the treatment of

juveniledelinquents. In Psychoanalytic study of the child (Vol. 1). New

York :International Universities Press

Reiss, A., & Roth, J. A. (Eds.). (1993). Understanding and preventing violence.

Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Reynolds, A. J. (1994). Effects of a preschool plus follow-on intervention for

children at risk. Developmental Psychology, 30, 787-804.

215

Reynolds, A. J. (2000). Success in early intervention: The Chicago Child-Parent

Centers. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Reynolds, A. J., Chang, H., &Temple, J. A. (1998). Early childhood interventions

and juvenile delinquency: An exploratory analysis of the Chicago Child-

Parent Centers. Evaluation Review, 22, 341-372.

Reynolds, A. J., Ou, S., & Topitzes, J. W. (2004). Paths of effects of early childhood

intervention on educational attainment and delinquency: A confirmatory

analysis of the Chicago Child-Parent Centers. Child Development, 75,

1299-1328.

Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Robertson, D. L., & Mann, E. A. (2001). Long-term

effects of an early childhood intervention on educational achievement and

juvenile arrest: A 15-year follow-up of low-income children in public

schools. JAMA, 285, 2339-2347.

Richards, K. C., Campani, C. E. & Muse-Burke, (2010). Self-care and well-being in

mental health professionals: The mediating effects of self-awareness and

mindfulness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling 32(3): 247-264.

Riley, H. & Schutte, N.S. (2003). Low Emotional Intelligence as a predictor of

substance use problems. Journal of Drug Education, 33(4), 391-398.

Riley, H. & Schutte, N.S. (2003). Low Emotional Intelligence as a predictor of

substance use problems. Journal of Drug Education, 33(4), 391-398.

Riley, H. & Schutte, N.S. (2003). Low Emotional Intelligence as a predictor of

substance- use problems. Journal of Drug Education, 33, 391-398

Rosenberg, M., Schooler, C., & Schoenbach, C. (1989). Self-esteem and

adolescentproblems: Modeling reciprocal effects. American Sociological

Review, 54, 1004-1018.

216

Rubin, M. M. (1999). Emotional Intelligence and its role in mitigating aggression:

A correlational study of the relationship between Emotional Intelligence

and aggression in urban juveniles. Unpublished Dissertation, Immaculata

College, Immaculata, Pennsylvania.

Ruesh, J. (1948). The infantile personality. Psychosomatic Medicine, 10, 134-144.

Rutter, M. (1987). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. American

Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 316-331.

Rutter, M. (1990). Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms. In J. E. Rolf,

A. S. Masten, D. Cicchetti, K. H. Nuechterlein, & S. Weintraub (Eds.),

Risk and protective factors in the development of psychopathology (pp.

181-214). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Rutter, M., & Giller, H. (1983). Juvenile delinquency: Trends and perspectives. New

York: Guilford

Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., Rohr, B. A., & Andrews, J. J. (2007). Personality, Emotional

Intelligence and exercise. Journal of Health Psychology,12(6), 937-948.

Saklofske, D. H., Austin, E. J., & Minski, P. S. (2003). Factor structure and validity of a

trait Emotional Intelligence measure. Personality and Individual

Differences, 34(4), 707-721.

Salguero, J.M., Palomera, R., Fernandez-Berrocal, P. (2012). Perceived Emotional

Intelligence as Predictor of Psychological Adjustment in Adolescents: A 1-

Year Prospective Study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 27

(1), 21-34

Salovey, P. & Mayer, J .D. (1990). Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, Cognition,

and Personality, 9, 195-211.

217

Salovey, P. (2001). Applied Emotional Intelligence: Regulating emotions to become

healthy, wealthy, and wise. In Emotional Intelligence and everyday life

(pp.168-184). New York, NY: Psychology Press.

Salovey, P., & Mayer, J.D. (1993).The intelligence of Emotion. Intelligence, 17,

433-442. Quotient Inventory (EQ-i). In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.),

Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey –Bass.

Salovey, P., Bedell, B. T., Detweiler, J. B., & Mayer, J. D. (2008). Emotional

Intelligence. In Handbook of emotions (3rd Ed.) (pp. 533-543). New York,

NY: Guilford Press.

Salovey, P., Hsee, C.K., & Mayer, J.D. (1993). Emotional Intelligence and the self-

regulation of affect. In D.M. Wegner & J.W. Pennebaker (Eds.), Handbook

of mental control (pp. 258-277). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Salovey, P.and Mayer, J.D (1990).Emotional Intelligence. Imagination, cognition

and personality, 9, 185-211.

Sameroff, A. J. (1975). Early influences on development: Fact or fancy? Merrill-

Palmer Quarterly, 21, 267-294.

Sampson, R., & Laub, J. H. (1993). Crime in the making: Pathways & turning points

through life. Cambridge: Harvard University press.

Sanatinya, H (1991). A Survey on Mental health of adolescents in families with

average household martyr. Unpublished MA Thesis, Islamic Azad

University.

Sasanpour M ; Khodabakhshi M ; Nooryan Kh (2012). The Relationship between

Emotional Intelligence, Happiness and Mental Health in Students of

Medical Sciences of Isfahan University. International Journal of

218

Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 4, (9),

1614-1620.

Sasanpour, Khodabakhshi and Nooryan (2012) International journal of

collaborative Reseach on Internal medicine &

publichealth.ISSN:18404529.Issue:9,Volume:4.

Schaie, K.W. (1994). The course of adult intellectual development. American

Psychologist, 49, 304-313.

Schembri, R., Stough, C., Hansen, K., Tuckwell, V. & Schweitzer, (2006). The

relationship between Emotional Intelligence and depression in a clinical

sample. Unpublished article.

Schutte , N. S. , Malouff , J. M. , Thorsteinsson , E. B. , Bhullar , N. , & Rooke

, S. E. (2007). A meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between

Emotional Intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences,

42, 921–933.

Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C.,

& Dornheim, L. (1998). Development and validation of a measure of

Emotional Intelligence: Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 167-

177.

Schweinhart, L. J., Barnes, H. V., & Weikart, D. P. (1993). Significant benefits: The

High/Scope Perry preschool study through age 27. Ypsilanti, MI:

High/Scope Press.

Sedighi Sarvestani, R. (2005). Social pathology. Tehran, Ann publication, First

edition.

219

Sekhavat, J. (1995). Social pathology. Tehran, Allameh Tabatabaii university.

Legislation of INTERPOL member states on sexual offences against children

(2012).

Shambayati, H. (1991) Delinquance des enfants et des adolescants. Vistar

Publication.

Shamlou, S. (1995). Theories of Personality(2nd ed.). Tehran, Iran: Roshd

Publications.

Shaw, C.R. & McKay, H.D. (1969). Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas.

Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Sheikhavandi, D. (2005). Sociology of deviations and social problems of Iran.

Ghatreh Publications.

Shoarinrzhad, A.A. (2000). Development psychology Vol. 2: Adolescents and

puberty. Payaam-e-Noor University Publications

Shoemaker, D. J. (2000). Theories of delinquency: An examination of explanations

of delinquent behaviour. New York: Oxford University Press

Simon, W., & Gagnon, J. H. (1976). The anomie of affluence: A post

Mertonianconception. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 356-378

Siu, A. F. Y. (2009). Trait Emotional Intelligence and its relationships with problem

behaviour in Hong Kong adolescents. Personality and individual

differences, 47(6), 553-557.

Slaski, M. & Cartwright, S (2002). Health, Performance and Emotional

Intelligence: An explanatory study of retail managers. Stress and Health,

18, 63-68.

220

Smith, C. A., & Thornberry, T. P. (1995). The relationship between childhood

maltreatment and adolescent involvement in delinquency. Criminology, 33,

451-478.

Snowling, M. J., et al., (2006). Levels of literacy among juvenile offenders: The

incidence of specific reading difficulties. Criminal Behaviour and Mental

Health, 10(4), 229-241.

Song, S., Graham, G.E., Susman, E.J., Sohn Y-w. (2012). The Role of Ineffective

Emotion Regulation in Problem Drinking Varies by Emotional Disposition,

Delinquency, and Gender of South Korean Adolescents. Journal of Child

& Adolescent Substance Abuse, 21 (4), 367-382

Sotoudeh, H. (2008). Social pathology. Avay-e-Noor. Publications. Tehran.

Sotoudeh, H. (2008). Sociology of deviations. Ghoghnos Publications. Tehran.

Sotoudeh, H., Mirzaii, B., & Pazand, A. (2008). Criminal psychology (5th ed.),

Avaye-Noor Publications.

Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., Tessner, K. D., & Toga, A. W. (2001). Mapping continued

brain growth and gray matter density reduction in dorsal frontal cortex: inverse

relationships during postadolescent brain maturation. The Journal of

Neuroscience, 21(22), 8819-8829.

Spooner, C. (1999). Causes and Correlates of adolescent drug abuse and

implications for treatment. Drug and Alcohol Review, 18, 453-475.

Spring, J. (2005). The American School 1642-2004. (6th ed.) New York.

Springer, S.P. & Deutsch, G. (1998). Left Brain—Right Brain: Perspectives from

cognitive neuroscience (5th ed.), New York: Freeman & Company.

221

Sternberg, R. J. (1985). What would better intelligence tests look like? In measures

in the college admissions process (pp. 140-150). NewYork: College

Entrance Examination Board.

Sternberg.R.J.,(1997).educating intelligence: Infusing the triarchic theory into

instruction. In: Sternberg,R.J. and Grigorenko. E (Eds), Intelligence,

Hheredity and Environment. Cambridge University press, New York.

Strine, T.W., Chapman, D.P., Balluz, L. & Mokdad, A.H. (2008). Health-related quality of

life and health behaviours by social and emotional support. Social Psychiatry

and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43, 151-159.

Summerfeldt, L.J., Kloosterman, P.H., Antony, M.M., & Parker, J.D.A. (2006).

Social anxiety, Emotional Intelligence, and interpersonal adjustment.

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioural Assessment, 28, 57-68

Tahmasebi,H (1999). Adjustment and Education. Journal of Education Ministry

Publication. Vol. 14

Taylor, J.E. (2000). Early and late starting delinquency: Correlates, outcomes, and

influences. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences

and Engineering, 60, 4913.

Thorndike, E. L. (1920a). Intelligence and its uses. Harper’s Magazine, 140, 227-

235.

Thorndike, E. L. (1920b). The Psychology of the Half-Educated Man. In Karier,

Shaping. The American educational state, (pp. 238-244). Monticello, IL:

Vance Bibliographies.

Thorndike, R. L., & Stein, S. (1937). An evaluation of the attempts to measure social

intelligence. The Psychological Bulletin, 34 (5), 275- 285).

222

Thrasher, F. (1927). The gang. Chicago: University Press Chicago

PressTannenbaum, F. (1938). Crime and the community. Boston: Ginn

Tomczak, V.M. (2010). The Impact of Emotional Intelligence on substance abuse

and reactive/immature delinquency in a college sample. The comparison of

Emotional Intelligence trait versus abilities. Submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in

the Department of Psychology in the Graduate School of The University of

Alabama.

Tremblay, R. E., Masse, L. C., Viatro, F., & Dobkin, P. L. (1995). The impact of

friends' deviant behaviour on early onset of delinquency: Longitudinal data

from 6 to 13 years of age. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 649-667.

Trinidad, D. R., & Johnson, C. A. (2002). The association between Emotional Intelligence

and early adolescent tobacco and alcohol use. Personality and Individual

Differences, 32(1), 95-105.

Trinidad, D. R., Unger, J. B., Chou, C. P., & Anderson Johnson, C. (2004). The protective

association of Emotional Intelligence with psychosocial smoking risk factors for

adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 945-954.

Tsaousis, I., & Nikolaou , I. (2005). Exploring the relationship of Emotional

Intelligence with physical and psychological health functioning. Stress and

Health, 21, 77 – 86

UNESCO. The UN World Water Development Report: Facts and Figures - Meeting

basic needs. Accessed 12 May 2011.

Van Der Zee, K. & Wabeke, R. (2004). Is trait - Emotional Intelligence simply or

more than just a trait? European Journal of Personality, 18, 243 – 263.

223

Wang, J.L. and N. El-Guebaly (2004). Sociodemographic factors associated with

comorbid major depressive episodes and alcohol dependence in the general

population. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(1), 37-44.

Wechsler, D. (1940). Non-intellective factors in general intelligence. Psychological

Bulletin, 37, 444-445.

Wechsler, D. (1943). Non-intellective factors in general intelligence. Journal of

Abnormal Psychology and Social Psychology, 38, 100-104.

Weld, G., Bernard, T. (2001).Theoretical criminology (a view on theory of

criminology). Samt Publications.

Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1989). Vulnerable, but invincible: A longitudinal

study of resilient children and youth. New York: Adams, Bannister, Cox.

Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from

birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

West, D. J. (1967). The young offender.Harmondsworth, England: PenquiLipsey, M.

W.&Derzon,E. (1998). Juvenile delinquency treatment: A meta-analytic

inquiry into the variable of effects. In T. Cook et al. (Eds.), Meta-analysis

for explanation: A casebook. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.

Widom, C. S. (1991). Childhood victimization: Risk factors for delinquency. In M.

E. Colton & S. Gore (Eds.), Adolescent stress: Causes and consequences

(pp. 201-222). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.

Williams , C. , Daley , D. , Burnside , E. , & Hammond - Rowley , S. ( 2010b ).

Does item overlap account for the relationship between trait Emotional

Intelligence and psychopathology in preadolescents? Personality and

Individual Differences, 48, 867 – 871.

224

Williams, S. and R. McGee (2006). Reading attainment and juvenile delinquency.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35(3), 441-459.

Wilson, J. Q., & Hernnstein, R. J. (1985). Crime and human nature. New York:

SimonSchuster, & Elliott, D. S., Huizenga, D., & Ageton, S. S. (1985).

Explaining delinquency and druguse. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage

Winfield, L. F. (1995). The knowledge base on resilience in African-American

adolescents. In L. J. Crockett & A. C. Crouter (Eds.), Pathways through

adolescence: Individual development in relation to social contexts (pp. 87-

118). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Winfri, t.l. (1999). Theories of criminology. Gonabad: Islamic Azad University.

Wong,C-S., Foo,M-D., Wang,C-W., & wong,P-M.(2007). The feasibility of training

and development of Emotional Intelligence: An exploratory study in

Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Intelligence, 35(2), 141-150

World Health Organization. (2006). Constitution of the World Health Organization -

Basic Documents, (45th ed.) Supplement, October 2006.

World Health Organization (2012). The determinants of health. Geneva. Accessed

12 May 2011.

Y armohammadian, A. (2006). Relationship between emotional intelligence and

social intelligence, 2th congress of Karnataka or Iranian psychological

Association, Karnataka or Iran.

Yoshikowa, H. (1994). Prevention as cumulative protection: Effects of early family

support and education on chronic delinquency and its risks. Psychological

Bulletin, 115, 28-54.

225

Zeidner , M. , Matthews , G. , & Roberts , R. D. ( 2004 ). Emotional Intelligence

in the workplace: A critical review . Applied Psychology. An International

Review — Psychologie Appliqu é e. Revue Internationale, 53, 371 – 399.

Zeidner, M., Matthews, G., & Roberts, R. D. (2001). Slow down, you move too fast:

Emotional Intelligence remains an elusive intelligence. Emotion, 1, 265-

275.

Zigler, E., & Muenchow, S. (1992). Head Start: The inside story of America's most

successful education experiment. New York: Basic Books.

Zigler, E.,Taussig, C., & Black. K. (1992). Early childhood intervention: A

promising preventative for juvenile delinquency. American Psychologist,

47, 997-1006.

Zirkel, S. (2000). Social intelligence: the development and maintenance of purposive

behaviour. In R. Bar-On & J. D. A. Parker (Eds.), Handbook of Emotional

Intelligence. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.