references - shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18614/... · boniface kayode,...

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83 REFERENCES [1] AhsanunNasehKhudori, Muhammad Faisal, RirienKusumawati, 2012, Fingerprint Identification System Using Wavelet Transform And Artificial Neural Network, International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.1, No.1, pp.12-17. [2] Amit Kaul, Arora, A.S., Sushil Chauhan, 2012, Rotation Invariant Fingerprint Core-Point Detection Using DWT, International Journal of Computer Applications, pp.32-35. [3] Andrej Kisel, AlexejKochetkov, and Justas Kranauskas, 2008, Fingerprint Minutiae Matching without Global Alignment Using Local Structures, Informatica, Vol.19, No.1,pp.31-44. [4] ArumugaPerumal S., Rajakumar T.C., Krishnan N., 2011, Fuzzy based Filtering Approach on Histogram Specification for Fingerprint Image Enhancement, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.23, No.8, pp.30-33. [5] Ashish kumarDass, RabindrakumarShial and BhabaniSankar Gouda, 2012, Improving MSN and PSNR for Finger-print Image noised by Gaussian and Salt and Pepper, The International Journal of Multimedia and its Application, Vol.4, No.4, pp.59-72. [6] Atanu Chatterjee, ShuvankarMandal, AtiqurRahaman G. M., and Abu Shamim Mohammad Arif, 2010, Fingerprint Identification and Verification System by Minutiae Extraction using Artificial Neural Network, Journal of Convergence Information Technology, Vol.1, Issue 1, pp.12-16. [7] AvinashPokhriyal and SushmaLehri, 2010, A New method of Fingerprint Authentication Using 2D Wavelets, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, Vol.13, No.2, pp.131-138.

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Page 1: REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18614/... · Boniface Kayode, OlabodeOlatunbosun, 2011, Adaptive and Faster Approach to Fingerprint Minutiae and

83

REFERENCES

[1] AhsanunNasehKhudori, Muhammad Faisal, RirienKusumawati, 2012,

Fingerprint Identification System Using Wavelet Transform And Artificial

Neural Network, International Journal of Science and Technology, Vol.1,

No.1, pp.12-17.

[2] Amit Kaul, Arora, A.S., Sushil Chauhan, 2012, Rotation Invariant

Fingerprint Core-Point Detection Using DWT, International Journal of

Computer Applications, pp.32-35.

[3] Andrej Kisel, AlexejKochetkov, and Justas Kranauskas, 2008,

Fingerprint Minutiae Matching without Global Alignment Using Local

Structures, Informatica, Vol.19, No.1,pp.31-44.

[4] ArumugaPerumal S., Rajakumar T.C., Krishnan N., 2011, Fuzzy based

Filtering Approach on Histogram Specification for Fingerprint Image

Enhancement, International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol.23,

No.8, pp.30-33.

[5] Ashish kumarDass, RabindrakumarShial and BhabaniSankar Gouda,

2012, Improving MSN and PSNR for Finger-print Image noised by

Gaussian and Salt and Pepper, The International Journal of Multimedia

and its Application, Vol.4, No.4, pp.59-72.

[6] Atanu Chatterjee, ShuvankarMandal, AtiqurRahaman G. M., and Abu

Shamim Mohammad Arif, 2010, Fingerprint Identification and

Verification System by Minutiae Extraction using Artificial Neural

Network, Journal of Convergence Information Technology, Vol.1, Issue

1, pp.12-16.

[7] AvinashPokhriyal and SushmaLehri, 2010, A New method of Fingerprint

Authentication Using 2D Wavelets, Journal of Theoretical and Applied

Information Technology, Vol.13, No.2, pp.131-138.

Page 2: REFERENCES - Shodhgangashodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/18614/... · Boniface Kayode, OlabodeOlatunbosun, 2011, Adaptive and Faster Approach to Fingerprint Minutiae and

84

[8] BhupeshGour, Bandopadhyaya T.K., and Sudhir Sharma, 2008,

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85

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[33] lmdadullslam, Md., Nasima Begum, MahbubulAlam and Amin M.

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Bhattacharyya, 2010, An Effective Method for Fingerprint Classification,

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Vol.2, Issue 1, pp.58-62.

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Computer Engineering (IOSRJCE), vol.1, Issue 6, pp.04-08.

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APPENDIX A

SOURCE CODE

clear all

close all

clc

I=(imread('10_2.bmp'));

[X,map] = rgb2ind(I,128);

surf(double(X))

xlabel('Rows')

ylabel('Columns')

zlabel('Intensity profile')

figure

% plane information

imshow(I(:,:,1))

title('Plane-1')

surf(double(I(:,:,1)))

title('Plane-1')

xlabel('Rows')

ylabel('Columns')

zlabel('Intensity profile')

figure

imshow(I(:,:,2))

title('Plane-2')

surf(double(I(:,:,2)))

title('Plane-2')

xlabel('Rows')

ylabel('Columns')

zlabel('Intensity profile')

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imshow(I(:,:,3))

title('Plane-1')

figure

surf(double(I(:,:,3)))

title('Plane-3')

xlabel('Rows')

ylabel('Columns')

zlabel('Intensity profile')

figure

imshow(I)

title('True color image')

figure

X=X(1:256,1:256);

nbcol = size(map,1);

[ca1,ch1,cv1,cd1] = dwt2(X,'db1');

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L1A(ca1);

L1=rough_param;

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L1H(ch1);

L1=[L1 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L1V(cv1);

L1=[L1 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L1D(cd1);

L1=[L1 rough_param];

close all

[A1]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca1,ch1,cv1,cd1);

cod_ca1 = wcodemat(ca1,nbcol);

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figure

surf(cod_ca1)

ylabel('Rows=128')

xlabel('Columns=128')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Approximation Level-1')

figure

cod_ch1 = wcodemat(ch1,nbcol);

surf(cod_ch1)

ylabel('Rows=128')

xlabel('Columns=128')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Horizontal Level-1')

figure

cod_cv1 = wcodemat(cv1,nbcol);

surf(cod_cv1)

ylabel('Rows=128')

xlabel('Columns=128')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Vertical Level-1')

figure

cod_cd1 = wcodemat(cd1,nbcol);

surf(cod_cd1)

ylabel('Rows=128')

xlabel('Columns=128')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Diagonal Level-1')

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figure

image([cod_ca1,cod_ch1;cod_cv1,cod_cd1]);

title('First level decomposition')

figure

% Perform second step decomposition :

% decompose approx. cfs of level 1.

[ca2,ch2,cv2,cd2] = dwt2(ca1,'db1');

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L2A(ca2);

L2=rough_param;

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L2H(ch2);

L2=[L2 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L2V(cv2);

L2=[L2 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L2D(cd2);

L2=[L2 rough_param];

[A2]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca2,ch2,cv2,cd2)

cod_ca2 = wcodemat(ca2,nbcol);

surf(cod_ca2)

ylabel('Rows=64')

xlabel('Columns=64')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Approximation Level-2')

figure

cod_ch2 = wcodemat(ch2,nbcol);

surf(cod_ch2)

ylabel('Rows=64')

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xlabel('Columns=64')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Horizontal Level-2')

figure

cod_cv2 = wcodemat(cv2,nbcol);

surf(cod_cv2)

ylabel('Rows=64')

xlabel('Columns=64')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Vertical Level-2')

figure

cod_cd2 = wcodemat(cd2,nbcol);

surf(cod_cd2)

ylabel('Rows=64')

xlabel('Columns=64')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Diagonal Level-2')

figure

image([[cod_ca2,cod_ch2;cod_cv2,cod_cd2],cod_ch1;cod_cv1,cod_cd1]);

title('Second level decomposition')

close all

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%

%third level decomposition

figure

[ca3,ch3,cv3,cd3] = dwt2(ca2,'db1');

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L3A(ca3);

L3=rough_param;

figure

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[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L3H(ch3);

L3=[L3 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L3V(cv3);

L3=[L3 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L3D(cd3);

L3=[L3 rough_param];

[A3]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca3,ch3,cv3,cd3)

cod_ca3 = wcodemat(ca3,nbcol);

surf(cod_ca3)

ylabel('Rows=32')

xlabel('Columns=32')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Approximation Level-3')

figure

cod_ch3 = wcodemat(ch3,nbcol);

surf(cod_ch3)

ylabel('Rows=32')

xlabel('Columns=32')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Horizontal Level-3')

figure

cod_cv3 = wcodemat(cv3,nbcol);

surf(cod_cv3)

ylabel('Rows=32')

xlabel('Columns=32')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Vertical Level-3')

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figure

cod_cd3 = wcodemat(cd3,nbcol);

surf(cod_cd3)

ylabel('Rows=32')

xlabel('Columns=32')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Diagonal Level-3')

figure

image([[[cod_ca3,cod_ch3;cod_cv3,cod_cd3],cod_ch2;cod_cv2,cod_cd2],co

d_ch1;cod_cv1,cod_cd1]);

title('Third level decomposition')

close all

figure

[ca4,ch4,cv4,cd4] = dwt2(ca3,'db1');

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L4A(ca4);

L4=rough_param;

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L4H(ch4);

L4=[L4 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L4V(cv4);

L4=[L4 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L4D(cd4);

L4=[L4 rough_param];

[A4]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca4,ch4,cv4,cd4)

cod_ca4 = wcodemat(ca4,nbcol);

surf(cod_ca4)

ylabel('Rows=16')

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xlabel('Columns=16')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Approximation Level-4')

figure

cod_ch4 = wcodemat(ch4,nbcol);

surf(cod_ch4)

ylabel('Rows=16')

xlabel('Columns=16')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Horizontal Level-4')

figure

cod_cv4 = wcodemat(cv4,nbcol);

surf(cod_cv4)

ylabel('Rows=16')

xlabel('Columns=16')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Vertical Level-4')

figure

cod_cd4 = wcodemat(cd4,nbcol);

surf(cod_cd4)

ylabel('Rows=16')

xlabel('Columns=16')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Diagonal Level-4')

figure

image([[[[cod_ca4,cod_ch4;cod_cv4,cod_cd4],cod_ch3;cod_cv3,cod_cd3],c

od_ch2;cod_cv2,cod_cd2],cod_ch1;cod_cv1,cod_cd1]);

title('Fourth level decomposition')

close all

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figure

[ca5,ch5,cv5,cd5] = dwt2(ca4,'db1');

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L5A(ca5);

L5=rough_param;

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L5H(ch5);

L5=[L5 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L5V(cv5);

L5=[L5 rough_param];

figure

[rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L5D(cd5);

L5=[L5 rough_param];

[A5]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca5,ch5,cv5,cd5)

savecoeffi_ A1 A2 A3 A4 A5

save A1.txt A1 -ascii

save A2.txt A2 -ascii

save A3.txt A3 -ascii

save A4.txt A4 -ascii

save A5.txt A5 -ascii

cod_ca5 = wcodemat(ca5,nbcol);

surf(cod_ca5)

ylabel('Rows=8')

xlabel('Columns=8')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Approximation Level-5')

figure

cod_ch5 = wcodemat(ch5,nbcol);

surf(cod_ch5)

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ylabel('Rows=8')

xlabel('Columns=8')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Horizontal Level-5')

figure

cod_cv5 = wcodemat(cv5,nbcol);

surf(cod_cv5)

ylabel('Rows=8')

xlabel('Columns=8')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Vertical Level-5')

figure

cod_cd5 = wcodemat(cd5,nbcol);

surf(cod_cd5)

ylabel('Rows=8')

xlabel('Columns=8')

zlabel('Coefficients')

title('Diagonal Level-5')

figure

image([[[[[cod_ca5,cod_ch5;cod_cv5,cod_cd5],cod_ch4;cod_cv4,cod_cd4],

cod_ch3;cod_cv3,cod_cd3],cod_ch2;cod_cv2,cod_cd2],cod_ch1;cod_cv1,co

d_cd1]);

title('Fifth level decomposition')

close all

% storing patterns

figure

Max_min_ca=[A1(3:4,:) A2(3:4,:) A3(3:4,:) A4(3:4,:)];

plot (Max_min_ca(1,:),'-r')

hold on

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plot (Max_min_ca(2,:),'-g')

legend('Maximum','Minimum')

Title('Approximation at all five levels of decomposition')

ylabel('Coefficients')

xlabel('Levels 1-5')

figure

Max_min_ch=[A1(7:8,:) A2(7:8,:) A3(7:8,:) A4(7:8,:)];

plot (Max_min_ch(1,:),'-r')

hold on

plot (Max_min_ch(2,:),'-g')

legend('Maximum','Minimum')

Title('Horizontal at all five levels of decomposition')

ylabel('Coefficients')

xlabel('Levels 1-5')

figure

Max_min_cv=[A1(11:12,:) A2(11:12,:) A3(11:12,:) A4(11:12,:)];

plot (Max_min_cv(1,:),'-r')

hold on

plot (Max_min_cv(2,:),'-g')

legend('Maximum','Minimum')

Title('Vertical at all five levels of decomposition')

ylabel('Coefficients')

xlabel('Levels 1-5')

figure

Max_min_cd=[A1(15:16,:) A2(15:16,:) A3(15:16,:) A4(15:16,:)];

plot (Max_min_cd(1,:),'-r')

hold on

plot (Max_min_cd(2,:),'-g')

legend('Maximum','Minimum')

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Title('Diagonal at all five levels of decomposition')

ylabel('Coefficients')

xlabel('Levels 1-5')

save features Max_min_ca

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function [A]=feature_extraction_wavelet(ca,ch,cv,cd)

A1=mean(ca);%mean Approximation

A2=std(ca);%std

% A3=norm(ca);%norm

A4=max(ca); %maximum

A5=min(ca);%minimum

A6=mean(ch);%mean Detail

A7=std(ch);%std

% A8=norm(ch);%norm

A9=max(ch); %maximum

A10=min(ch);%minimum

A11=mean(cv);%mean Detail

A12=std(cv);%std

% A13=norm(cv);%norm

A14=max(cv); %maximum

A15=min(cv);%minimum

A16=mean(ch);%mean Detail

A17=std(cd);%std

% A18=norm(cd);%norm

A19=max(cd); %maximum

A20=min(cd);%minimum

Aone=[A1;A2;A4;A5];

Atwo=[A6;A7;A9;A10];

Athree=[A11;A12;A14;A15];

Afour=[A16;A17;A19;A20];

A=[Aone;Atwo;Athree;Afour];

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function [rough_param]=calculate_roughness_L1A(images)

[a,b,c]=size(images);

PSF = fspecial('gaussian',100,20);%answer(1),answer(2));

i=1;

waviness(:,:,i) = imfilter(images(:,:,i),PSF,'conv');

roughness(:,:,i)=images(:,:,i)-waviness(:,:,i);

n=a*b;

fori=1:c

vectorR(:,i)=reshape(roughness(:,:,i), [1,n]);

vectorW(:,i)=reshape(waviness(:,:,i), [1,n]);

RaR(i)=sum(sum(abs(roughness(:,:,i))))/n; %average roughness

RqR(i)=sqrt(mean(vectorR(:,i).^2)); %RMS roughness

RskR(i)=sum(sum(roughness(:,:,i).^3))/(n*RqR(i)^3); %skewness

RkuR(i)=sum(sum(roughness(:,:,i).^4))/(n*RqR(i)^4); % kurtosis

RaW(i)=sum(sum(abs(waviness(:,:,i))))/n; %average roughness

RqW(i)=sqrt(mean(vectorW(:,i).^2)); %RMS roughness

RskW(i)=sum(sum(waviness(:,:,i).^3))/(n*RqW(i)^3); %skewness

RkuW(i)=sum(sum(waviness(:,:,i).^4))/(n*RqW(i)^4); % kurtosis

end

rough_param(:,1)=RaR;

rough_param(:,2)=RqR;

rough_param(:,3)=RskR;

rough_param(:,4)=RkuR;

rough_param(:,5)=RaW;

rough_param(:,6)=RqW;

rough_param(:,7)=RskW;

rough_param(:,8)=RkuW;

saveall_datarough_param roughness waviness images

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loadall_data

figure

imagesc(waviness(:,:,1)), colormap(gray)

title ('Waviness Level-1, Approximation')

figure

imagesc(roughness(:,:,1)), colormap(gray)

title('Roughness Level-1 Approximation')

figure

plot(mean(waviness(:,:,1)),'-r')

hold on

plot(mean(roughness(:,:,1)),'g')

legend('Roughness','Waviness')

title(' Level-1 Approximation')