REFERENCES

Ahmed, M.K. and Casida, J.E. (1958) Metabolism of some organophosphorus insecticides by micro-organisms.]. Econ. Entomol. 51 : 59-63.

Allan, G.G., Chopra, C.S., Neogi, A.N. and Wilkins, R.M. (1971 a) Design and synthesis of controlled release pesticide-polymer combinations. Nature 234 : 349-351.

Allan, G.G., Chopra, C.S., Neogi, A.N. and Wilkins, R.M. (1971 b) Concept of chemical combination of pesticides with solid waste macromolecules. Int. Pest Contr. 13 : 10-14.

Allan, G.G., Chopra, C.S., Friedloff, J.P., Gara, R.L., Maggi, M.W., Neogi, A.N., Roberts, S.C. and Wilkins, R.W. (1971) Pesticides, pollution and polymers. Chern. Tech. 3 (3) : 171-178.

Allan, G.G., Gara, R.I. and Wilkins, R.M. (1974) Field testing of insecticide-polymer combinations for the long-term control of the mahogany shoot borer. Int. Pest Control 16 : 4-11.

Ashare, E., Brooks, T.W. and Swenson, D.W. (1976) Controlled release from hollow fibers. In Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations. D.R. Paul and F.W. Harris (eds.), ACS symposium series 33, ACS., Washington, D.C., p. 273-282.

Bache, C.A. and Lisk, D.J. (1966) Determination of oxidative metabolites of dimethoate and Thimet in soil by emission spectoroscopic gas chromatography.]. Ass. Offic. Anal. Chern. 49: 647-650.

Baker, R.W. and Lonsdale, H.K (1975) Controlled delivery-an emerging use for membranes. Cherntech. 5 (11) : 668-674.

Beroza, M., Paszek, E.C., Devilbiss, D., Bieri, B.A. and Tardif, J.G.R. (1975) A 3-layer laminated plastic dispenser of disparlure for use in traps for Gypsy moths. Envir. Ent. 4 : 712-714.

Blinn, R.C. (1964) The oxidative conversion of Thimet to its oxygen analogue sulfone.]. Assoc. Off Agr. Chemists. 47 (4) : 641-645.

11

Bowman, J.S. and Casida, J.E. (1957) Metabolism of the systemic insecticide 0,0-diethyl S-ethyl thiomethyl phosphoro­dithioate (Thimet) in plants. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 5 : 192-197.

Bowman, J.S. and Casida, J.E. (1958) Further studies on the metabolism of Thimet by plants, insects and mammals.]. Econ. Entomol. 51: 838-843.

Bowman, M.C., Beroza, M. and Harding, J.A. (1969) Determination of phorate and five of its metabolites in corn.]. Agr. Food Chern. 17 : 138-142.

*Brown, G.P. (1974) The impact of controlled release on future product development. In Proc. Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, Sept. 16-18, 1974, Report No.5.

Cameron, E.A., Schwalbe, C.P., Beroza M. and Knipling, E.F. (1974) Disruption of Gypsy moth mating with microencapsulated disparlure. Science 183: 972-973.

Cameron E.A., Schwalbe, C.P., Stevens, L.J. and Beroza, M. (1975) Field tests of the olefin precursor of disparlure for suppression of mating in the Gypsy moth. ].Econ. Entomol. 68 : 158-160.

*Cardarelli, N.F. (ed), (1974) Proceedings Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.

Cardarelli, N.F. (1975) Concepts in controlled release: Emerging pest control technology. Chemtech. 5 (8) : 482-485.

Cardarelli, N.F. (1976 a) Controlled Release Pesticides Formulations. CRC Press, Cleveland, Ohio.

*Cardarelli, N.F., ed. (1976 b) Proceedings 1976 Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.

Cardarelli, N.F. and Kanakkanatt, S.V. (1977) Matrix factors affecting the controlled release of pesticides from elastomers. In Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 60-73.

iii

*Cardarelli, N.F. and Neff, H.F. (1966) French Patent 1,506,704.

*Cardarelli, N.F. and Neff. H.F. (1972) Biocidal elastomeric compositions. U.S. Patent 3,639,583.

Castelli, V.J. and Yeager, W.L. (1976) Organo-metallic polymers: Development of controlled release antifoulants in Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations. D.R. Paul and F.W. Harris, eds., ACS Symposium Series 33, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 239-247.

CIPAC (1970) CIPAC Handbook Vol. I: Analysis of Technical and Formulated Pesticides. G.R. Raw, ed., CIP AC, Harp end en, England, p. 951-954.

Clark, E.L., Johnson, G.M. and Mattson, E.L. (1955) Evaluation of 0,0-dialkyl S-alkylthiomethyl phosphorodithioates. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 3: 834-836.

Dellicolli, H.T. (1977) Controlled release of pesticides from Kraft lignin carriers. In Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington, D.C., p. 84-93.

Dewey, J.E. and Parker, B.L. (1965) Increase in toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster of phorate treated soils. ].Econ. Entomol. 58 (3) : 491-497.

Egan, H., Hammond, E.W. and Thomson, J. (1964) The analysis of organophosphorus pesticide residues by gas chromatography. Analyst 89: 175-178.

Fanger, G.O. (1974) What good are microcapsules. Chemtech. 4 : 397-405.

*Folckemer, F.B., Hanson, R.E. and Miller, A. (1967) Resin compositions comprising organophosphorus pesticides. U.S. Patent 3,318,769.

Getz, M.E. (1962) Degradation of esters of systox, disyston and Thimet on field sprayed kale. ]. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists 45 : 397-401.

Getz, M.E. and Watts, R.R. (1964) Application of 4 (p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine as a rapid quantitative reagent for organophosphate pesticides. ]. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists 47 : 1094-1096.

IV

Getz, M.E. and Wheeler, H.G. (1968) Thin layer chromatography of organophosphorus insecticides with several adsorbents and ternary solvent systems. ]. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chemists 51: 1101-1107.

Getzin, L.W. and Chapman, R.K. (1960) Fate of phorate in soils. ]. Econ. Entomol. 58 : 47-51.

Getzin, L.W. and Shanks, C.H., Jr. (1970) Persistence, degradation and bioactivity of phorate and its oxidative analogues in soil. ]. Econ. Entomol. 63: 52-58.

Giang, P.A. and Schechter, M.S. (1960) Colorimetric determination of residues of phorate and its insecticidally active metabolites ]. Agr. Food Chern. 8 : 51-54.

Graham-Bryce, I.J., Stevenson, J.H. and Etheridge, P. (1972) Factors affecting the performance of granular insecticides applied to field beans. Pestic. Sci. 3 : 781-797.

Greaves, J.H., Rowe, F.P., Redfern, R. and Ayres, P. (1968) Microencapsulation of rodenticides. Nature 219 : 402-404.

Gutcho, M.H. (1976) Microcapsules and Microencapsulation Techniques. Noyes Data Corporation, Park Ridge, N.J.

Hardee, D,C., McKibben, G.H. and Huddleston, P.M. (1975) Grandlure for boll weevils : Controlled release with a laminated plastic dispenser. ]. Econ. Entomol. 68 : 477-479.

*Harris, F.W., ed. (1975) Proceedings Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio.

Harris, F.W., Norris, S.V. and Post, L.K. (1973) Factors influencing release of fenac from polyethylene matrices. Weed Sci. 21 : 318-321.

Harris, F.W., Dykes, M.R., Baker, J.A. and Aulabagh, A.E. (1977) Polymers containing pendant herbicide substituents : Hydrolysis Studies II, in Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington D.C., p. 102-111.

Higgins, I.J. and Burns, R.G. (1975) The Chemistry and Microbiology of Pollution. Academic Press, New York.

v

Ivy, E.E. (1972) Penncap-M: An improved methyl parathion formulation. ]. Econ. Entomol. 65 : 473-474. ·

Jain, H.K., Pandey, S.Y., Agnihotri, N.P. and Dewan, R.S. (1974) Rapid estimation of organophosphorus insecticides. Indian ]. Ent. 36 : 145-148.

*Kanakkanatt, S.V. (1974) Theoretical aspects of diffusion of mollusicides in rubber. Proc. Controlled Release Pesticides Symp., Uni. of Akron, Akron, Ohio, Sept. 16-18, 1974, Report No. 10.

*Keiser, I, Kobayashi, R.M. and Harris, E.J. (1975) Enhanced duration of residual effectiveness against the Mediterranean fruit fly of guava foliage treated with encapsulated insecticides and lures, Proc. Controlled Release Pesticide Symp., Wright State Univ., Dayton, Ohio, Sept. 8-10, 1975, 264.

* Koestler, R.C. and Ivy, E.E. (1974) Controlled release of biologically active agents from nylon-type microcapsules. Proc. Controlled Release Pesticide Symp., University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, Sept. 16-18, 1974, Report No. 33.

Kydonieus, A.F. (1977) The effect of some variables on the controlled release of chemicals from polymeric membranes. in Controlled Release Pesticides. H. B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., p. 152-167.

Kydonieus, A.F. (1980) Fundamental Concepts of controlled release. in Controlled Release Technologies : Methods, Theory and Applications. A.F. Kydonieus, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, p. 1-20.

Lewis, D.H. and Cowsar, D.R. (1977) Principles. of controlled release pesticides. In Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington, D.C., p. 1-16.

Lichtenstein, E.P. (1966) Persistence and degradation of pesticides in the environment. Nat. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Counc. Publ. 1402 : 221-229.

*Lichtenstein, E.P. (1980) Study of the fate of a bound residue of phorate in the soil-water-plant system, in Agrochemical Residue-Biota interactions in Soil and aquatic ecosystems. International

. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, p. 254-257.

vi

Lichtenstein, E.P., Fuhremann, T.W., Schulz, K.R. and Liang, T.T. (1973) Effects of field application methods on the persistence and metabolism of phorate in soils and its translocation into crops. f. Econ. Entomol. 66 : 863-866.

Markin, G. and Hill, S. (1971) Microencapsulated oil bait for control of the imported fire ant. ]. Econ. Entomol. 64 : 193-196.

Marrs, G.J. and Seaman, D. (1978) Practical considerations in the control of bioavailability. Pestic. Sci. 9 : 402-410.

McFarlane, N.R. and Pedley, J.B. (1978) Some fundamental considerations of controlled release. Pestic. Sci. 9 : 411-424.

Me Leod, H.A., Mulkins, G. and Rao, S.L.N. (1969) Gas chromatographic analysis of phorate and five metabolites in monkey liver homogenates. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol 4 : 224-231.

McRae, H.F. and McKinley, W.P. (1963) Chromatographic identification of some organophosphate insecticides in the presence of plant extracts. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 11 : 174-178.

Melnikov, N.N. (1971) Chemistry of Pesticides. Springer Verlag, New York.

Menzer, R.E. and Ditman, L.P. (1968) Residues in spinach grown in disulfoton and phorate-treated soil. f. Econ. Entomol. 61 : 225-229.

Menzie, C.M. (1969) Metabolism of Pesticides . U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Sport, Fisheries and Wild life Special Science Report-Wildlife No. 127, Washington, D.C.

Mitchell, T.H., Ruzicka, J.H., Thomson, J. and Wheals, B.B. (1968) The chromatographic detection of organo-phosphorus pesticides Part III. The effect of irradiation on the parent compounds. ]. Chromatog. 32 : 17-23.

Nelson, L.L., Barnes, W.W., Harris, F.W. and Lawson, M.A. (1970) Evaluation of release rates of Dursban from polyvinyl chloride formulations. ]. Econ. Entomol. 63 : 1870-1873.

* Neogi, A.N. (1970) Polymer Selection for controlled release pesticides. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Washington.

vii

Paul, D.R. and Harris, F.W., eds. (1976) Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations. ACS Symposium Series 33, ACS, Washington, D.C.

*Payne, T.L., Coster, J.E. and Johnson, P.C. (1976) in Proceedings 1976 Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. N.F. Cardarelli, ed., University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.

Plimmer, J.R., Bieri, B.A., Webb, R.E. and Schwalbe, C.P. (1977) Controlled release of pheromone in the Gypsy moth programs, in Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington, D.C., p. 168-183.

*Quisumbing, A.R., Kydonieus, A.F., Calsett, D.R. and Hans, J.B. (1976). Hereon Lure'N Kill Flytape : A non-fumigant insecticidal strip containing attractants. In Proceedings 1976 Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. N.F. Cardarelli, ed., University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, p. 3.40.

Rann, E. and Jackson, R. (1966) Encapsulation as a technique for formulating microbial and chemical insecticides. ]. Econ. Entomol. 59 : 620-622.

Rao, K.N. and Parmar, B.S. (1986) Flyash as a carrier for phorate granules. Intern. ]. Trop. Agri., 4 : 371-37 4.

Rao, K.N., Srivastava, K.P. and Parmar, B.S. (1989) Development of controlled release phorate formulations and their evaluation for pest control and grain yield on sorghum. Pestic Res. ]., 1 : 7-11.

Ruzicka, J.H., Thomson, J. and Wheals, B.B. (1967) The gas chromatographic examination of organophosphorus pesticides and their oxidation products. ]. Chromatog. 30 : 92-99.

Sans, W.W. (1967) Multiple insecticide residue determination using column chromatography, chemical conversion and gas liquid chromatography. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 15 : 192-198.

Scher, H. B., ed. (1977) Controlled Release Pesticides. ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington, D.C.

viii

Scher, H.B., ed. (1984) Advances in Pesticide Formulation Technology. ACS Symposium Series 254, ACS, Washington, D.C.

Shasha, B.S., Doane, W.M. and Russell, C.R. (1976) Starch encapsulated pesticides for slow release. ]. Polym. Sci., Polymer Letters edn. 14 : 417-420.

Shasha, B.S., Trimnell, D. and Otey, F.H. (1981) Encapsulation of pesticides in a starch-calcium adduct. ]. Polymer Sci., Polymer Chern. Edn. 19 : 1891-1899.

Shasha, B.S., Trimnell, D. and Otey, F.H. (1981) Shelf-life indicators for encapsulated Diazinon. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 29 : 1099-1100.

*Sjogren, R.D. (1975) Preliminary evaluation of capsules containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor. in Proceedings Controlled Release Pesticide Symposium. Wright State Uni., Dayton, Ohio, Sept. 8-10, 1975, 217-221.

Stanley, C.W. and Morrison, J.I. (1969) Identification of organophosphate pesticides by gas chromatography with the flame photometric detector. ]. Chromatogr. 40 : 289-293.

Stokes, R.A., Coppedge, J.R. and Ridgway, R.L. (1970) Chemical and biological evaluation of the release of aldicarb from granular formulations. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 19 : 195-198.

Stokes, R.A., Coppedge, J.R., Bull, D.L. and Ridgway, R.L. (1973) Use of selected plastics in controlled release granular formulations in aldicarb and dimethoate. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 21 : 103-108.

Tanquary, A.C. and Lacey, R.E. (eds.) (1974) Controlled Release of Biologically Active Agents. Plenum Press, New York.

Trimnell, D., Shasha, B.S. and Doane, W.M. (1981 a) Degradation of Diazinon encapsulated with starch xanthate. ]. Agr. Food Chenz. 29 : 145-148.

Trimnell, D., Shasha, B.S. and Doane, W.M. (1981 b) Release of Trifluralin from Starch xanthide encapsulated formulations ]. Agr. Food Chenz. 29 : 637-640.

IX

Trimnell, D., Shasha, B.S., Wing, R.E. and Otey, F.H. (1982) Pesticide encapsulation using a starch-borate complex as wall material. ]. Appl. Polymer Sci. 27 : 3919-3928.

Turner, C.R. (1974) Spectrophotometric determination of Organophosphorus pesticides with 4-(4-nitrobenzyl) pyridine. Analyst 99 : 431-434.

*Vandegaer, J.E. (1971). U.S. Patent 3,577,515, Pennwalt Corporation.

Vandegaer, J.E. (ed.) (1974) Microencapsulation: Processess and Applications. Proceedings of the American Chemical Society Symposium. Plenum Press, New York.

Walter-Echols, G. and Lichtenstein, E.P. (1977) Microbial reduction of phorate sulfoxide to phorate in a soil-lake mud-water microcosm. ]. Econ. Entomol. 70 : 505-509.

Walter-Echols, G. and Lichtenstein, E.P. (1978) Movement and metabolism of [14C] phorate in a flooded soil system. ]. Agr. Food Chern. 26 : 599-604.

Wasti, S., Shaw, F. and Smith, C. (1970) Detection of residues of Rabon in manure of Rhode Island red hens. ]. Econ. Entomol. 63 : 1355-1356.

Watts, R.R. and Storherr, R.W. (1969) Gas chromatography of organophosphorus pesticides: Retention times and response data on three columns. ]. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chemists 52 : 513-521.

Watts, R.R., Storherr, R.W., Pardue, J.R. and Osgood, T. (1969) Charcoal cleanup method for many organophosphorus pesticide residues on crop extracts. ]. Assoc. Offic. Anal. Chemists 52

522-526

Wilkins, R.M. (1978) The use of biodegradable polymers as formulating agents for controlled release pesticides. Pestic. Sci. 9 : 443-444.

Wilkins, R.M. (1983) Controlled release-present and future, in Proceedings of 10th International Congress of Plant Protection 1983. Brighton, U.K., 554-559.

X

Wolfgang, S. (1975) Microencapsulation. Angew. Chern. Intern. Edn. 14 : 539-550.

*Young, W.W. and Nelson, L.L. (1969) Evaluation of controlled release herbicide formulations for aquatic weeds, Special Study No. 31-004-69/70. Dept. of the Army, U.S. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.

*Zweig, G. (1965) Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC, lOth Edition, 76-77.

Zweig, G. (1977) Environmental aspects of controlled release pesticide formulations, in Controlled Release Pesticides. H.B. Scher, ed., ACS Symposium Series 53, ACS, Washington, D.C., p. 37-53.

* Original not seen.