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INDEX OF NAMES

Aissen,J. 159n Akmajian, A. 10,27,28,103 Aoun, J. 20, 26n8, 90n5, 128n6, 129n14,

129n15 ASW (Akmajian, Steele and Wasow) 28,

29,30, 31,45,46,47,48,49,52,54n8, 55n22,56n25,123

Belletti, A. 26n11 Benveniste, E. 3 Bertinetto, P. M. 90n12 Borer, H. 24,76,95,113,114,115,116,

117, 118, 129n13, n14, 130n16, 173, 186

Bresnan, J. 25n4 Brody,M. 19 Burzio, L. 134, 196n6

Carden, G. 108 Chomsky, N. 1,3,5,8,13,14,16,18,19,

20, 25n3, 28, 55n16, 62,64, 65, 73, 75, 76,90n1,97, 112, 129n10, 131n20, 144, 173

Chung, S. 90n4 Clark, R. 90n5 Clifford, J. 53n5, 90n1 0 Contreras, H. 17, 90n5, 178, 180, 197n9,

n13 Culicover, P. 25n4, 30, 129nl 0 cummings, e. e. 2

Edmonds, J. 10, 30, 34, 35, 36, 44, 105, 106, 133, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 151, 158, 159n5,n7, 196n3,n5

En", M. 4, 90n10, 91n14

Fabb,N.26n9,57,84,86,90n3,n6,n7 Fodor,J. 4

Gabbay,D.58,86,87,92n20,n22

Haik, I. 98 Higgins, R. 129n10 Hoji,H. 4 Hornstein, N. 4, 24, 32, 33, 46, 53n5, 57,

65, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 90n10, n12, 91n14,n15

Huang,J. 4 Humboldt, W. von 3 Hyams, N. 128n3

Jackendoff, R. 4,28,30, 196n5 Jaeggli, O. 129n16,197n8 Jakobson, R. 3 Jakubowicz, C. 91n14,128n1 Jespersen, O. 3,24, 53n5, 90nlO Joyce,J. 2

Kaisse, E. 24, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 129n8

Kayne, R. 39, 129n12 Kitagawa, y. 26n6 Koopman, H. 4,19, 26n12 Koster, J. 105

Lakoff, G. 106,107 Lapointe, S. 26n7, 30, 55n22 Lasnik, H. 16, 128n1 Li, C. 128n2 Lieber, R. 90n7 Lobeck, A. 131n23 Lo Cascio, V. 90nll

Maling, J. 39 May,R. 4 McCloskey, J. 90n4 Milsark, G. 107 Moravcsik, J. 58,86,87, 92n20, n22

Nebrija, A. 25n2 Newmeyer, F. 25n5

Obenauer, H. G. 17, 53n6, 55n18, 197n14 Oehrle, R. 54n12, n13 Otero, C. 3,25n1

Perlmutter, D. 159n2 PicaBo, C. 61,91n14 Plann, S. 17 Platzack, C. 90n10

Reichenbach, H. 24, 33, 53n5, 65, 66, 90n10

Reuland, E. 62

203

204 INDEX OF NAMES

Riemsdijk, H. van 107 Rizzi,L. 26n11,n15, 159n2 Rothstein, S. 11, 12, 26n8, 58, 59, 64,

90n1, n2, 123 Rouveret, A. 26n15 Rudin, C. 26n13

Sag, I. 98 Saito, M. 4,16, 128n1 Sapir, E. 3 Saussure, F. de 3, 25n2 Selkirk, E. 54n12, n13, n15 Skinner, B. F. 25n3 Sportiche, D. 4,17,19,20, 26n8, 129n15 Steele, S. 10,27,28, 55n23, 103 Stowell, T. 8,9,10,11,17, 26n7, n12, 32,

33,48, 52n1, 59,65, 72, 90n1, 94, 107, 115, 160n13, 162

Takezawa, K. 4,49,50,51,52, 56n25, 63, 82

Thompson, R. 128n2 Thompson, S. 128n2 Torrego, E. 26n15 Travis, L. 13, 22, 123 Trubetskoy, N. 3

Vergnaud, J. R. 26n 15

Wasow, T. 10,27,28,98,103 Wilkins, W. 25n4,159n7 Williams, E. 11; 12, 15, 59, 90n1, n2, n7,

98,107,178

Zubizarreta, M. L. 15, 26nll, 53n6, 69, 72

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

AI A-bar Position 17, 80 see also Argument A-bar

chain 119 movement 73-74,76,125 see also Wh-movement

A-movement 18, 22, 74, 113 see also Head movement, Passive and Raising

Absorption oftemporalfeatures 110,167,170-175 of subject features 113

Acquisition see under English and I-Lan­guage

Adjacency 187, 197n14, 198n17 Adjective Phrase

adverbial modifier 40, 54n14 distribution of 60-61,84,87,89 stative interpretation 75,80,89

Adjunct(s) 11, 23, 25, 60-64, 94, 122, 133

depictive 60, 90n2 extraction 53n6 see also under Adverb; Gerundive clause;

Infinitive; Predication, secondary Adjunction 17,21,23,24,168,171-173,

176,196n2 structure 22,23, 54n13, 55n2l, 71, 112,

160n13 to VP 73,76,83,84,110,111,112,113,

119-120, 126 Adverb

complement versus adjunct 33-34, 35, 53n6

distribution of 32, 35-38, 53n7, 54n14, 147-149,160nI2

Frenchnegative 143-144 manner 35-37, 53-54n7, 148 of time 32-33, 52-53n3, 66-67, 68,

69,91nI3,145-148 preposed 130n18,131n21 preverbal 34-38, 137, 147-151, 157,

160n9,147-151,187 scarcely-type 35-37,38,40,42,43,47,

5 5n 17 and n 18, selected by auxiliaries 30, 55n17

Affix or Affixation 60-61,96 feature assignment 96-97, 104

passive 80, 100 perfective -ado or -ida 134 perfective -en 63, 86, 100 progressive 134 see also -ing stranding 100-101

Affix-Agreement 97 Affix-Hopping 65,76,96,97,100, 128n2 Agreement l (AGR) 17, 20, 97-98, 109,

110, 113, 169, 170-172, 181-182, 189

clitic-like 185-186 do generated in 75-76,97-98 with verb 197n8 and n10

Agreement2

adjective 61,135 aspectual 25,189-190 head-maximal projection 75, 88, 169,

186 indirect 188-194 passive participle 135-136,184 perfective participle 177-178 subject-verb 134 subject-verb non-agreement 188-189 see also Affix Agreement, Clitic Coindex-

ing, Head-Head Agreement and Speci­fier-Head Agreement

all 38-45, 54n11, 152, 197n14 VP-oriented 54nlO

Anaphor 18-19,72 Antecedent 20

government 22,23,73, 91n17, 93, 104, 111, 112, 114, 118-122, 123, 126, 131n19-21,172,174,183

see also Government, proper and Poten­tial binder

Argument 12,13,14-15,17,22,57 anaphoric 72 nominal 26,72-73 position at D-structure 14-16,59 structure 11, 14 temporal see under Temporal VP as 24,64-65,73-76,93

Artificiallanguages 3 Aspect 24,58,68, 92n22 Aspectual(s) 5, 11,24,25,27,69,76,77,

101,102,123,133,134,136-138,195

205

206 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

features 75,88-89,102 semi-auxiliary 136-138 see also Agreement 2; Aspect; Auxiliary;

Auxiliary, be; Auxiliary, estar; Auxil­iary, haber; Auxiliary, have; Defective verb; Empty categories; Movement; Order of constituents; Perfective; Prin­ciples of V*; Progressive; Subcategori­zation licensing; Temporal roles; VP­Preposing

Associativity 66, 68, 70 Auxiliary 5-6,7,10-11,27

be, progressive 5, 27, 28, 82, 89, 102-104, 165; Be-Agreement 79, 82; clitic form 105; in complement clauses 30; in imperatives 29; licensing 78-81; and null VP 102-104; and preposed VP 29,126-127; and VP-Deletion 29 see also Progressive

clitic 24,100-101,104-105,108-110, 116, 118, 131n19 see also Auxiliary Reduction

complement of see under Complement defectivity see Defective verb distinguished from main verb 74,76,100,

133, 151, 162, 164-166 see also Aspectual, Head-Head Agreement

dominated byVP 10,13,25,27,31-37, 45,47-48,52, 52n2,54n4, 133, 145-155

English 7, 9 see also Auxiliary, be and Auxiliary, have estar, progressive; ana­lyzed as main verb, see Verbal Complex; and clitic position 136-137; contexts 139-140; lexical entry 138; licensing in declaratives 190-192; movement in questions 176, 181-182, 187; and semi-auxiliaries 136-138 see also Pro­gressive

French 138,139,140 haber, perfective; aspectual interpretation

196n6; clausal-type restrictions 193; contexts 139; lexical entry 138; licens­ing in declaratives 192-194; move­ment in questions 174, 175-179; similarities with passive ser 139-140, 157, 158, 159n4; temporal modifiers 146-147; and clitic position 159n4, 194; and following participle 139, 174; and negation 156-157; as role assigner 175; see also Perfective

have, perfective 5, 10,27,63, 101-104, 141; clausal-type restrictions 29, 30,

50-52, 55n24, 56n26, 82; clitic form 105; features of 32; government of 47-51; Have-Agreement 81-82; lexical entry 69-70; licensing 81-83; as role assigner 24,81-82,101-102; as Tense-identifier 101-102; in pre­posed VP 126-127 see also Perfective

internal order 28-29,50,83 perfective see Perfective inpreposed VP 126-127 progressive see Progressive selection 134, 196n6 semi-auxiliaries 136-138, 159n4 sequences 36,79-80,83,141-142 see

also V* Construction Spanish 6-7, 162, 164-166 see also

Estar, haber and Ser verb movement to INFL 13-14,25,44,

81 see also under Verb movement and Head movement

verb phrase structure 10-11,23,25,45, 133 see also Verb Phrase Structure

Auxiliary Reduction (AR) 104-108

Be 5, 101 aspectual (progressive) see Auxiliary, be clitic forms 107-108, 119-122 see also

Auxiliary Reduction and clitic copular (main verb) 28,29,70,74,76,79,

80-81, 91n19, 111, 112-113, 119-122

passive 5,23,47,80-81, 129n7 inpreposed VP 127, 129n7

Be-Agreement 79,82 Behave 72,91n16 Bijection Principle 4, 19 Binding 18-19

of temporal argument 71-72 Blocking Category 21, 126 Bounding 19 see also Subjacency, Locality

Conditions

Case 22, 84, 92n22, 115 absorbed by clitics 129n12,186 assignment 4,17-18,189 nominative 26n12 theory 17-18, 22, 24, 84 verbal see Verbal Case

Catalan 61 Categorial

component see Lexical entry, Lexicon features 8-9, 89, 98 see also under

Inflection 1

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 207

Causative 26n15, 140, 159n2 and n4 c-Command 12,20, 26n8, 129n16 Chain 22

coindexing 16,78,165 conditions 13, 16, 18, 19, 22-23, 74,

78-79 Extended 113, 120-121, 131n20-21,

165,183 Xo 22,23,24,25,78,81,83,101-104,

109, 111-113, 119-120, 127, 128n5, 131n20, 165-167, 173-174, 181, 188, 191, 193 see also Head-Head Agreement and Verb movement

Chinese 7, 26n13, 96, 128n2 Clause 5,8-9,105

argument versus adjunct 94 Case assignment to 33 temporal interpretation 14, 24, 66-72

Clitic 100, 109-122 auxiliary see Auxiliary, clitic and Contrac­

tion, of auxiliaries climbing 159n2,4 comparison of argument and auxiliary

118 government by 113-122, 129n14 no (Spanish) as a clitic 155-157,

161n15-16 posItIOns 136-137, 140-141, 154-

155, 159n4 Spell-Out 115,117-118

Cliticization toCOMP 110,118-122, 130-131n18 to subject NP 117-119,122, 130n16,

130-131n18 Cognitive principles 2 Coindexing 16,19

agreement 22-23, 77, 165 see also Head-Head Agreement

chain see Chain coindexing clitic-argument 115-116, 118, 186 co superscript 188-189 Predication 11-13 temporal argument 71

Comparative rather-than clauses 51 sub-deletion 106, 112

Competence 3 Complement 8,14

adverbs see Adverb of auxiliary verbs 11, 23-24, 27, 69-70,

79,133,179 Complement Matching Requirement

129n13

Complementizer Phrase (CP) 8,22,68, 73, 94, 110 see also Clause; Cliticization, to COMP; and VP-Preposing

Complex Predicate 12,80 Compound(s)

INFL 171-173,178-179 left-hand head 197n9 nominal 179-180

Constituent order see Order of constituents Construal, tense see Tense Construal Contraction

of auxiliaries 24, 93, 100, 107-109 see also Auxiliary Reduction' and Auxiliary, clitic

of negation 74,110 Control 18

of temporal argument 72 Copula or copular

construction 28,29,80-81,188 verbs 5, 134 see also under Be, Estar and

Ser

Declarative 185-194 no verb movement in 187-188

Deep structure (D-structure) 14-16, 22, 68-69, 71, 107, 116 see also Lexical, entry; Verb Phrase Structure and X-bar theory

Defective verb 76-77,81,84, 102, 103, 128n5 see also Auxiliary

Defectivity of INFL 73, 94, 117, 129n15, 163-166,167,172

Degree determiner 40 Deletion 98-99, 107 see also VP-Deletion Distributed nominalization 106, 112-113 Do 50, 51, 97-98, 99, 109, 143, 163-

164 function of 75,76,85 non-cooccurrence with auxiliaries 78,

81-82,91n18 Do so 33-34,124

Emphatic reflexive 53n6 Empty category 7,14

distribution of 14,20 identification of 18, 53n6, 166, 168 see also Government, proper and Tense-

Identification internally structured 126-127 typology 18-19 verbal see Null VP

Empty Category Principle (ECP) 20, 24, 53n6, 81, 98,101,105,107,111,112,

208 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

117,119,122,123,126, 130n18, 163, 183

Endocentricity 2, 8 English 5, 26n15, 27, 96, 122, 133, 138,

139,140,142,151,156 acquisition of auxiliaries 128n3 auxiliaries see Auxiliary clitics see Auxiliary, clitic; Auxiliary Re­

duction and Contraction, of auxiliaries main verbs 24, 45, 102, 123, 128n5,

131n22 Restructuring 29,54n8 standard American 1 verb movement 7,24,74-76,81 verb phrase structure see Verb Phrase

Structure Estar

copular 5, 135, 142, 180, 182-183, 197n7

progressive see Auxiliary, estar Event(E)

role 80,101,104, 128n1 time 66-72,164-165,175,178,180

Exclude 20-21 Existential 107, 134, 189 Extended Chain see under Chain External argument 14-16

ofVP 197n13 E(xternal)-language 1-2 Extraction 53n6, 84,174 Extraposition 39

Feature(s) ANAPHOR 18-19,26n14 ANIMATE 141 aspectual 88-89,102 assignment 20, 95-96, 100, 128n3,

172-174 see also Inflectional Rule categorial see Categorial, features FUTURE 65,67 inflectional in compounds 180 lexical see Lexical, features PAST 9, 24, 25, 32, 33, 65, 67, 68, 69,

71-72,75,78,81,95,96,102,103, 104, 110, 111, 117, 119, 143, 164-166, 169, 193 see also Inflection" Feature assignment and Tense-Identifi­cation

lp see Nominal features PRONOMINAL 18-19,26n14 SUBSEQUENCE 1128n1 tense see Tense features and Inflection"

features of

Finite Verb Raising (French) 144 Following Context Constraint 104-107,

118,131n18 French 133, 138, 140, 142, 143-144,

145,156,159n6

Generative Grammar 1-3 Gerund or Gerundive clause 8, 50, 62-

64, 86, 90n2 see also -ing Globalconditions 107,130-131n18 Governing category 19,26n14 Government 20-23

by auxiliaries 10 1-1 04 proper 20, 21-22, 24, 53n6, 93-98,

114, 163, 168 see also Antecedent, government; Clitic, government by; Tense Government and q-government

see also Temporal Government Governor

antecedent see Antecedent, government and Government, proper

temporal see Temporal Government tense see Tense Government O-marking 24 zero-level 17,129n15

Grammar subtheories of 6,10-23

Grammatical Function (GF) 14,16

Haber auxiliary, see Auxiliary haber existential 134, 189

Have Agreement 81-82 auxiliary see Auxiliary have main verb 158n1

Head agreement with maximal projection see

under Agreement2

head-first/head-last parameter 2 ofiNFL 163-165 movement 22,73-74,119 zero-level 93,98,100,109, 130n17

Head-Head Agreement andaspectuals 77-78,189-190 and auxiliary clitics 109, 111, 131 n 19 and main verbs 172 and null VP 101-103, 119, 126-127,

128n5 and verb movement 167,169,170,177

Head Movement Constraint 22, 127, 132n25,177,178

Heavy NP-Shift 106, 112

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 209

Hebrew 114, 129n12

Imperatives 29, 50-51, 55n24, 91n18, 96, 161n15

indirect 128n1 Indirect role assignment 77, 166, 170,

175, 196n3 see also Sisterhood

Infinitive 26n6, 62, 64, 72, 161n15 features 8-9 null VPin 94

Inflection 1 (INFL) affixal 95,96-98,100,116 Case assignment by see Case assignment

and Verbal Case defectivity see Defectivity of INFL feature assignment 64-65,75-76,97 features of 8-9, 55n23, 97 as a governor of perfective have 47-

51 grammatical relation with VP 57, 65,

69-70,117,175 INFL-verb agreement see Head-Head

Agreement internal structure, see under Structure lexical entry 69-70 as a (temporal) 8-marker 13,24,64,93

see also Temporal Marking and Tem­poral Government

L-marking by see L-marking verb movement to see Verb, movement

Inflection2, morphological 60-61, 76, 134,169

richness 76 verbal, interpretive function 61

Inflectional Phrase (IP) 9,55n15 as adjunction of VP 174-175 as a Blocking Category 21 null 195n1 as a projection of V 196n5 see also Clause

Inflectional Rule(s) 79, 95, 107, 115, 128n2,173

-ing 50, 62-64, 69, 90n3, 90n6-8, 92n20,102

I(nternal)-language 1-3, 5 acquisition 4 deviance from 2

Irish 90n4 Italian 129n11, 134, 196n6

Japanese 4, 26n13 Judgments 1,3, 54n9, 129n8

L-marking 21,25,73 and auxiliary clitics 109,111,113 and auxiliary VP licensing and Case transmission 189 and indirect feature assignment 173-

174 and null VP 101-103,165-166 and verb movement 74-75,169-170

Language acquisition see under English and I-lan-

guage Acquisition Device 4 faculty 2-5, 25n4 universality of 1, 3 use 2,3

Lexical entry 14-16, 26n11; for INFL 69-70;

for have 69-70; for auxiliaries 138 features 5 see also Aspect and Features

Lexicon 88 tensein 69,108

Licensing see L-marking; Predication; Principle of Full Interpretation; Sub­categorization, licensing; Verb Phrase, dual licensing requirement

Linearity 66, 68, 70-71 Linguistic theory 1, 25n3 Local

antecedent see Antecedent, government rules 141,150

Locality conditions 19, 22, 53n7, 124 see also Subjacency

Logical Form (LF) 4,7,13,20,66,68,69, 161n13

of State 88-89 and Tense operations 70-71

M-command 20 Main verb 12, 27, 45, 74, 81, 102, 123,

128n5, 131n22, 139-140, 145, 149, 162, 168-169, 171, 196n4 see also Semi-auxiliary

Minimality 23,73,101, 161n13 Modals 5, 50, 55n23, 74, 78, 81, 83, 96,

98, 103 clitic forms 129n8

Modules of mindlbrain 4 Moment of Speech (S) 66-72, 90n11,

128n1 Monosyllabic condition 130n18 Morphology, inflectional see Inflection2 Move a 17,19 Movement of preposed VP 122-123

210 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

Negation 155-158 adverbials 143-144 contracted 74,110 see also Not

Nominal features (q.>-features) 18n23, 24, 25, 65, 71, 76, 96, 168, 170, 177, 182-183, 186, 189, 197n10, 197n14, 198n17

Non-defective verbs see Main verb Not 38,55n17

contracted 44, 74 NP-Host Constraint 105 Null Anaphora 142-143 see also Null VP Null VP 93-95, 106, 162-163, 195-

196n1 and affixal INFL 99-101 and contracted auxiliaries 100, 104,

106,111,121 created by movement 122, 125 deletion analysis 98-99 in infinitives 94 with auxiliaries 101-104 see also VP-Deletion

Only 43-44,54n10 Operators 4, 19

null 62,64,90n9,112 Tense 67,91n14 VP 125

Order of constituents 5-6, 12-13, 24, 70-71

adverbs 35-37,187-188 all 38-41,47 only 43-44,47 see also Auxiliary, internal order

Parameter, null-subject 18 Parametrization 4, 7, 23

of direct/indirect feature assignment 172-174,179-180

ofiNFL 164,167 of phase structure 10-11, 25, 133, 163,

167 Parasitic Gaps 63-64 Parentheticals 106, 111 Passive 17, 23, 50, 85, 91n16-17, 107,

113,135-136,183,185 adjectival 63 participle 17, 80, 113, 129n11, 136,

139,184 see also Be, passive and Ser, passive

Perfective affix 63,128n2

aspect 5,71 constructions 24, 32, 66, 70, 102-104,

145-147,175-180, 193,196n2 feature 50 imperatives 55n24 modifiers of 32-33,145-146 see also Auxiliary, haber; Auxiliary,

have; Reference Point Phonological matrix 98,100

component 98-99, 108, 130n17, n18, 131n21

overtness 117 reduction 1'08,110,121

Phrase structure see Structure and X-bar Theory

Pleonastic 15,59, 90n2 subjects 188-189; agreement with 134,

188 Potential binder 53n6,197n14 Predicate

category 13 complex see Complex predicate role see Temporal role stative 190 see also State transitory 135

Predication 11-13, 14,24,25, 57, 58-61, 64, 73, 83-84, 89, 93, 124, 125, 131n22,190

secondary 60-61,87, 90n2 Principle of Full Interpretation (PFI) 13,

57,77 Principles ofV* (Pv.) 6-7 Principles-and-parameters model 2-3 PRO 18, 19, 26n11, 64, 90n9, 129n14,

n15 pro 18-19, 129n14 Progressive

affix 134 see also -ing aspect 5,52-53n3 constructions 68-69, 92n20, 103, 127,

136-137,139-142,157-158,187 participle 161 n5 see also Auxiliary, be; Auxiliary, estar

Projection Principle 16, 129n13 Proper government, see Government proper

Quantifier 4,38,40-42,151-154 Question formation 130n18, 156, 160n11

see also Verb, movement

Raising 17 Ratherthan clauses 51-52 Reference 2,71

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 211

temporal 87,91n15 Reference Point (R) 53n5, 66-72, 90n12,

101,104,145,175 Referential index 26n11, 65, 72, 91n16,

94, 115-116, 117-118, 122, 127-128n1

Relative clause 39, 60, 62, 63, 64, 90n8, n9,124

Restriction on Lexical Insertion 140 Restructing see under English and Spanish Rightward movement 106, 111, 112 Romance 10,114,133,158 Romanian 26n13,129n12

S see Sentence and Moment of Speech S-structure 16, 57, 71, 73, 97, 98, 107,

117, 122, 128n5 scarcely-type adverbs 35, 147-148 see

also Adverb, preverbal; Verb Phrase Structure

Selection or selectional restrictions 53n7, 146-147 see also Semantic, restric­tions and under Adverb

Semantic features 68 interpretation 58 primitives 25n4 restrictions 51, 59 see also Selectional

restrictions Semi-auxiliary 136-138, 159n4 Sentence 9, 55n15 see also Inflectional

Phrase Sentence-bar 9 see also Complementizer

Phrase Sequence of Tense 4,72, 91n14 Ser

copular 135, 138, 142, 180, 182-183, 189,197n7

passive 138, 147, 156-157, 183, 185, 189,195,197n7

Sisterhood 96, 102, 168, 171, 172, 173, 176,196n2

Slavic languages 26n 13 Solo 151-155, 160n13, 187 Spanish 1, 5, 17, 18, 25n2, 26n15, 61,

129nll adjective agreement 61 auxiliaries 134-138 see also Auxiliaries inflectional morphology 61,76,96 Restructuring 26n 15 V* 5-6,24-25 verb movement 7,24,25, 26n15, 168-

188

Specifier-Head Agreement 113,170,182-184,186,189,193

State or stative 87-89, 92n20, 135 category 80-81

Structure of Adverb Phrase 40-41, 151 of clause 4, 9 see also IP ofINFL 97-98, 171-173 preserving 36 of verb 97-98,181, 197n7 of verb phrase see Verb Phrase Structure

Subcategorization 10, 13, 14-16, 28-30, 49-50 '

frames 14, 15, 138 see also Lexical, entry licensing 13-14,23-25, 57, 59,64,72,

73,77,79,80,83-84,93, 115-118, 122,127,162,165,167,190

Subjacency 19,73,125 Subject

accessible 19 features see Nominal features ofIP 9,17,20, 197n13 of predication see Predication

Subject-Aux Inversion 99 see also Verb, movement; Question formation

Superiority 20 Swedish 90n10 S, R, E Configurations 91n15

Tag-question 6-7,163 Takezawa's Generalization 50-51,63,82 Temporal

adverbs see under Adverb, of time argument structure 24,67,68,69,70,71,

73,81,93,104 complexity 58,75,86-89 defectivity see Aspect, Defective verb entities 57,66,68,71, 90n10 features (aspectual) 88-89, 92n22, 93 government see Temporal Government index 88-89 interpretation 65,70,86 roles see Temporal Roles

Temporal Government 94, 98, 101-103, 109,120,164,169,172

Temporal Marking 94, 109, 114, 117, 164-165,176,179

parameter setting for 172-174, 179-180

Temporal Role 14, 24, 25, 70, 73, 93, 94, 101, 128n1, 129n15, 164, 167

assignment (temporal theta-marking) 25, 57, 65, 67, 69-70, 77-78, 86, 96,

212 INDEX OF SUBJECTS

166, 174-179, 185-186; absorption 167, 170-175; and agreement 78-80,82

tener 158n1 Tense

construal 14, 24, 53n5, 57, 65, 71, 77, 79-81, 91n15, 181

feature(s) 8, 17, 24, 50-51, 67-69, 71, 72,75,97,110,120,143-144,168

government see Tense Government logic 4,90n10 Sequence of see Sequence of Tense

Tense Government 95, 98, 99-104, 128n3, 131n24, 163-166, 169, 171

and clitics 104,107,109,111,113,114, 119,122

andpreposed VP 123,126-127 Tense Identification 94-98, 10 1-1 04,

110, 117-118, 119-120, 126, 164, 167

there 134, 189 insertion 107

Theta see also under Grammatical Function and Theta-role (O-role)

O-Criterion 14,22,59,84,124,193 O-government or governor 21, 73, 93,

101, 129n15,164-165 O-marking 12,14,15,21,22,24,57,58,

64-65,73,84 O-position see Argument, position at

D-structure Theta-role (O-role) 25n2, 59, 65, 67, 70,

92n22,96, 115, 117, 128nl,164 assignment 12, 13-15, 17-18, 19 indirect 77, 79 to subject 77 see also Indirect role assignment temporal see Temporal Role

To 50,51,94,96 Todos 151-155, 187, 193, 197n14 Topic 195-196n1

preposed VP as 125 Trace of clitic 130n 17 Traditional grammar 3

V* Construction 5-8 Variable 62,64

and null VP 125 Verb

auxiliary see Auxiliary and V* Construc­tion

main see Main verb of motion 87,136-137, 159n3

movement 7,9,13-14,22,74-76,81, 156, 160nll, 162, 165-167, 168-188; adjacency of 187, 197n14, 198n17

Verb Phrase adjunction to see Adjunction argumenthood of see Temporal Role and

Argument, VP as auxiliaries dominated by see under Auxil­

iary and Verb Phrase Structure Deletion see VP-Deletion distribution of 24, 57, 60-61, 84, 89,

90n4,92il22 dual licensing requirement 14, 26n9 external argument 197n13 identification 95, 110 see also Tense

Identification; Subcategorization, licens­ing

movement, see VP-Preposing and Predication see also Predication Preposing see VP-Preposing specifier of 27 temporal identification 65

Verb Phrase Structure, English 10, 11 adjuncts 32-34; adverbs, complement versus modifier

33-34; preverbal 34-38; as specifier of main VP only 36-37; manner 35-37, 53-54n7

all 38-52; as specifier of auxiliaries 42, as specifier of AdvP 40-42

for auxiliary verbs 34, 45 layered VP hypothesis (leveled VP) 28-

30, 52n2; arguments against 31-32, 37,45-47,48-52

for main verbs 34,45 main verb hypothesis 30,47,52 perfective have not a specifier of parti-

ciple 47-52 specifiers of VP: scarcely-type adverbs

35-37 (see also under Adverb); all 38-42, only 43-44

see also Order of constituents; Auxiliary, verb phrase structure

Verb Phrase Structure, Spanish 11,23,133 adjuncts 133 adverbs: of time 145-147; preverbal

147-151; manner 148; positions 147-149, 160n9

for auxiliary verbs 149,151,158 for main verbs 149 quantifier position 151-154 specifier position 147-155

INDEX OF SUBJECTS 213

verb complex analysis 138-145; argu­ments against 150-151, 154-155, 157-158; see also Verbal Complex

Verbal Case 24, 26n9, 57, 84-86,186 Verbal clitic see Auxiliary, clitic Verbal Complex 25,133,138-145,150-

151, 154-155, 157, 158, 159n5, 159n7

Visibility 17, 18, 26n9 VP-Deletion 7, 29, 98-99, 111 see also

Null VP VP-Preposing 7, 29, 56n26, 85, 99,

122-126, 131n22-24 see also Null VP

Wh-movement 9,17,106,111,112 of adverbs 53n6 andauxiliaryclitics 119-124,130n18 islands 53n6, 124

Wh-Phrase 110 and cliticization to COMP 119, 122,

131n21 Why 121-122 With absolutives 60,62, 90n2 Word order see Order of constituents

XO chain see under Chain X-bar Theory 8-11, 27, 32-33, 46, 48,

54n13,97,158,160n13,162,164

STUDIES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTIC THEORY

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Luigi Burzio, Italian Syntax: A Government-Binding App~oach. xiii+468 pp., 1986. ISBN 90-277-2014-2; 90-277-2015-0 (Pbk).

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