REFORESTATION: CLIMATIC REFORESTATION: CLIMATIC SIMILARITIES & SPECIES SITE CONDITIONS SIMILARITIES & SPECIES SITE CONDITIONS WITH COMMON ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTSWITH COMMON ISSUES AND CONSTRAINTS

……..Select..Select

……..Plant……….Harvest

Climate - Plant Composition -Site Conditions-or Combination of Methods with Economics in Mind

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION RH Group committed to Reforestation: either Enrichment Planting; Natural RH Group committed to Reforestation: either Enrichment Planting; Natural

Regeneration or Plantation ForestryRegeneration or Plantation Forestry

■■ RH has vast experience in Plantation Forestry-Experiences from New Zealand RH has vast experience in Plantation Forestry-Experiences from New Zealand and Malaysia will be drawn to Projects in PNG and Malaysia will be drawn to Projects in PNG

Reforestation Unit - Created & Staff Recruitment in Progress (my Reforestation Unit - Created & Staff Recruitment in Progress (my recruitment)recruitment)

Lands Unit-Created to Look into land issues relating to ReforestationLands Unit-Created to Look into land issues relating to Reforestation

Focus on Wawoi-Guavi TRP area –Company has established processing plants Focus on Wawoi-Guavi TRP area –Company has established processing plants and need Resource Security (Replenishment)and need Resource Security (Replenishment)

Sizable Land identified in Wawoi-Guavi and Technically feasible for Sizable Land identified in Wawoi-Guavi and Technically feasible for Reforestation.Reforestation.

Nursery Establishment with carrying capacity of 500,000 seedlings in Kamusie Nursery Establishment with carrying capacity of 500,000 seedlings in Kamusie designed by experts from Malaysia in Consultation with RH (PNG) Groupdesigned by experts from Malaysia in Consultation with RH (PNG) Group

OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE

● ● Promoting our Concept for Reforestation – Creating Promoting our Concept for Reforestation – Creating Partnership, Collaboration, Networking and Partnership, Collaboration, Networking and Develop Common Interest Develop Common Interest

● ● Sustain Resource Base & Operations - Kamusie & Sustain Resource Base & Operations - Kamusie & Panakawa Processing PlantsPanakawa Processing Plants

● ● Resource/Forest Replacement –Requirement under Resource/Forest Replacement –Requirement under

Forest Policy & ActForest Policy & Act

● ● Corporate Environmental ResponsibilityCorporate Environmental Responsibility

REFORESTATION IN DEVELOPMENTREFORESTATION IN DEVELOPMENT

E co no m ic

So cial

E nv iron m ental

SustainomicsTrans-disciplinary

Knowledge Base

Economic

Social• em pow erment

• inc lusion/consultat ion

• governance

Environm ental• res ilience/b iodiv .

• natural resources

• po llution

• inter-generational equity• values/culture

PovertyEquity

SustainabilityCo-evolution

(a) (b)

Figure 1 (a). Elements of sustainable development 1 (b). Sustainable development triangle supported by the sustainomics framework.Source: adapted from Munasinghe [3,4]

ECONOMIC: Timber Products; Carbon credits;

Tourism; Minor Forest Products; Diversify Local Economy

ENVIRONMENTAL Carbon sequestration; Wildlife;

Aesthetics; Landscape/Biodiversity Restoration

SOCIAL: Employment; Recreation; Fuel wood

Taungya/Agroforestry;

RH has demonstrate this sustainomics triangle and will continue to do so with Reforestation Projects

Reforestation

SPECIES CHOICESPECIES CHOICE●What kind of Species, How well they will grow, Where and What are their end uses?

● Fast Growth with High Economic Value; End Uses; Objectives; Economic Viability; Availability of Planting Material

● Adaptability: How well species can thrive on site? Ecology, Physiology, Genetics (3-yrs express biology of site)

● In making Decisions for Species Choice: Adaptability and Species OR End Use and Species OR Both

● Right Choice-Ease of Silviculture

PLANTATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESSPLANTATION DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

••Reconnaissance to existing plantations incl. Ulabo, Lae (FRI) and SBLCReconnaissance to existing plantations incl. Ulabo, Lae (FRI) and SBLC

ProvenanceProvenance Species-Site MatchingSpecies-Site Matching

Traditional Approach in Forestry-Lengthy Process

Collect meteorological data-Compare climatic similarities & introduce species to site

Genotype (wild population)-Provenance Trial-Progeny Trials-Improved Genetic Material (Seed)- Plantation

Climate & Site with Species: Compare & Contrasts-Introduce to site w/ market, end-use, & value in mind

ESTABLISHMENT & MANAGEMENTESTABLISHMENT & MANAGEMENT

Seed & NurserySeed & Nursery • •Nursery designed with carrying capacity for 500,000 seedlings for Nursery designed with carrying capacity for 500,000 seedlings for

our proposed Planting Target ( 500-700 ha/yr) our proposed Planting Target ( 500-700 ha/yr) • • Seed Important Reproductive material in ForestrySeed Important Reproductive material in Forestry • • Quality Seed & Planting Stock-Profitable Plantation Quality Seed & Planting Stock-Profitable Plantation

Out Planting & Stand DensityOut Planting & Stand Density •• Growing Space – Right amount of Space (Spacing depending on Species Growing Space – Right amount of Space (Spacing depending on Species

& end uses)& end uses)

Establishment & ManagementEstablishment & Management • • Weeding - Pruning – Thinning : Quality End ProductWeeding - Pruning – Thinning : Quality End Product

GROWTH & PERFORMANCE: ULABO, GROWTH & PERFORMANCE: ULABO, MILNE BAYMILNE BAY

Species Species Age Age

Ht Ht (m(m))

DBH DBH (cm)(cm)

Vol Vol (m3)(m3)

Vol/Vol/ha(500)ha(500)

Vol/ha/Vol/ha/yryr

KamarereBKamarereB 1717 2121 4949 3.963.96 19801980 116.47116.47

Talis Talis 1717 1818 4343 2.612.61 13051305 76.7676.76

KamarereAKamarereA 1717 1818 3434 1.821.82 910910 53.5353.53

Teak ATeak A 1717 1111 3333 0.940.94 470470 27.6527.65

AcaciaAcacia 2222 1515 4242 2.082.08 10401040 47.2747.27

Teak BTeak B 2222 1515 4242 1.441.44 720720 32.7232.72

WalnutWalnut 55 66 2424 0.270.27 135135 2727

●●Commence 1985 w/ primary sp being Kamarere & Talis●●Reach 1000m3 in 15-20 yrs●●Soil is sandy – sandy loam w/ 1500-3000 mm annual rainfall●●Site influence growth & productivity●●Talis best for Swamp; Kamarere prefers deep soil

V=0.7854d2L; Volume of Individual Tree * total sph=Vol/ha; Vol/ha is divided by age to obtain vol/ha/yr

Note: Figures are estimates, MAI changes w/ time reveling effect of site & stand treatment on growth.

GROWTH & PERFORMANCE SBLCGROWTH & PERFORMANCE SBLC

Species Species Age Age Ht (m)Ht (m) DBH (cm)DBH (cm) Vol (m3)Vol (m3) Vol/ha (625)Vol/ha (625) Vol/ha/yrVol/ha/yr

KamarereKamarere 1515 2020 4747 3.473.47 2168.752168.75 144.58144.58

ErimaErima 1515 2525 4949 4.714.71 2943.752943.75 196.25196.25

TeakTeak 1010 99 2020 0.280.28 175175 17.517.5

TalisTalis 1010 2121 2121 0.520.52 325325 32.532.5

GmelinaGmelina NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

QuandongQuandong NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

A.mangiumA.mangium NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

A.auriculiformiA.auriculiformiss NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

Black bean Black bean NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

●●SBLC Reforestation 1976/77●●Over 10, 000 ha & harvesting 1999-present exceeds 208, 000 m3

●●Teak excellent coppice (1 yr coppice from 1 yr stump 4 m in ht & DBH 3 cm●●Better managed-productivity-high●●High rainfall w/ deep sandy loam soils

GROWTH & PERFORMANCE –FRI, LAEGROWTH & PERFORMANCE –FRI, LAE

Species Species Age Age Ht (m)Ht (m) DBH cm)DBH cm) Vol (m3)Vol (m3) Vol/ha (1111)Vol/ha (1111) Vol/ha/yrVol/ha/yr

KamarereKamarere 10 (1997)10 (1997) 1717 3535 1.631.63 10871087 108.7108.7

E.pellitaE.pellita 13 (1994)13 (1994) 1818 2424 0.810.81 540.27540.27 41.5641.56

TalisTalis 33 (1974)33 (1974) 2020 5151 4.084.08 20402040 61.8261.82

TaunTaun 10 (1997)10 (1997) 1111 2626 0.5840.584 648.8648.8 64.8864.88

RosewoodRosewood 10 (1997)10 (1997) 66 1818 0.1530.153 161161 16.116.1

KwilaKwila 10 (1997)10 (1997) 66 17.517.5 0.1440.144 160.3160.3 16.0316.03

Black beanBlack bean NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

CalophyllumCalophyllum NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA NANA

Taun-fast growth ~KamarereTaun-fast growth ~Kamarere Kamarere, Talis, Taun over 1000 mKamarere, Talis, Taun over 1000 m33 in 15-20 yrs. in 15-20 yrs. Lae-site & climate similar to KamusieLae-site & climate similar to Kamusie Rosewood & Kwila-slow growthRosewood & Kwila-slow growth

SITE PRODUCTIVITYSITE PRODUCTIVITY MAI (Volume) Kamarere at different ageMAI (Volume) Kamarere at different age

Totality of Site Conditions Expressed on Growths of Kamarere (Impact of Site on Growth)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Age (Years)

MAI (Volum

e) at Different A

ges at D

ifferent Site

s

Ulabo KamarereA

Bulolo Kamarere

SBLC Kamarere

COMPARISIONCOMPARISIONSiteSite ClimateClimate SoilSoil ProductivityProductivity

SBLCSBLC 3500-4000 mm 3500-4000 mm rainfall w/ mean rainfall w/ mean temp of 30temp of 30ooCC

Sandy loam Sandy loam Kamarere, Erima, Kamarere, Erima, Teak (Coppice) Teak (Coppice) good performancegood performance

UlaboUlabo 1500-3000mm 1500-3000mm rainfall; 28-32rainfall; 28-32ooC C

Sandy-Sandy Sandy-Sandy loam soilsloam soils

Talis (swamp sites), Talis (swamp sites), Kamarere and Kamarere and recently Walnut recently Walnut good performancegood performance

LaeLae 4000mm rainfall, 4000mm rainfall, humid w/ 28-humid w/ 28-3232ooCC

Deep, Clay-loam Deep, Clay-loam fertile soil w/ high fertile soil w/ high soil mcsoil mc

Talis, Taun good Talis, Taun good performanceperformance

KamusiKamusiee

Humid w/ 28-Humid w/ 28-3232ooC; 4000+mm C; 4000+mm rainfallrainfall

Waterlogged, clay Waterlogged, clay soil conditions soil conditions and deep soiland deep soil

Kamarere, Talis & Kamarere, Talis & Taun are expected Taun are expected to perform wellto perform well

MATRIX TO INTRODUCE SPECIES TO MATRIX TO INTRODUCE SPECIES TO SITE SITE (Table 6)(Table 6)

SpeciesSpecies Species InformationSpecies Information Kamusie Kamusie ConditionCondition

KamarereKamarere High value timber; fast growth rate reaching High value timber; fast growth rate reaching 1000m1000m33/ha & 50 cm dbh in 15-20 years; /ha & 50 cm dbh in 15-20 years; grows well on any site but prefers deep soil grows well on any site but prefers deep soil with clay loam to sandy-loam soils; no major with clay loam to sandy-loam soils; no major pests & disease problem; silviculture & pests & disease problem; silviculture & ecology widely known; abundant seed ecology widely known; abundant seed available through NTSC, Bulolo.available through NTSC, Bulolo.

Best for Kamusie & Best for Kamusie & highly highly recommended recommended

TaunTaun High economic value, fast growth, reach 50 cm High economic value, fast growth, reach 50 cm dbh in 20-25 years; grows in clay-loam soil dbh in 20-25 years; grows in clay-loam soil with high rainfall; ecology & silviculture with high rainfall; ecology & silviculture slightly known and never planted in slightly known and never planted in plantation; abundant seed but poor storage plantation; abundant seed but poor storage & careful seed handling & careful seed handling

Best for Kamusie & Best for Kamusie & highly highly recommendedrecommended

RECOM/CONCLUSIONSRECOM/CONCLUSIONS● ● Kamarere, Talis and Taun - primary species - others secondary Kamarere, Talis and Taun - primary species - others secondary

species. species.

● ● NFS Provide NFS Provide Policy and Legal Support with Incentives Policy and Legal Support with Incentives e.g., forgo reforestation levies for companies who e.g., forgo reforestation levies for companies who are actively doing reforestation or consider are actively doing reforestation or consider counterpart funding. counterpart funding.

●● Reforestation Policy - Drives the Reforestation Projects on the Reforestation Policy - Drives the Reforestation Projects on the

GroundGround

● ● Consultation with Lands Department, PNGFA and Dept of Consultation with Lands Department, PNGFA and Dept of Environment and Conservation on land or lease agreements –how Environment and Conservation on land or lease agreements –how best we can do reforestation on customary land. best we can do reforestation on customary land.

● ● RH commence dialogue with PNGFA - possibility of RH purchasing RH commence dialogue with PNGFA - possibility of RH purchasing existing state plantations - reforestation and harvesting existing state plantations - reforestation and harvesting concurrently. concurrently.

ISSUESISSUES• • Land Tenure in relation to Reforestation Land Tenure in relation to Reforestation

• • Ownership: Who owns trees from Enrichment Planting/Natural Ownership: Who owns trees from Enrichment Planting/Natural Regeneration or PlantationRegeneration or Plantation

• • Landowner Participation/Benefits (Conflict of Land Use)Landowner Participation/Benefits (Conflict of Land Use)

• • Reforestation Policy (Excellent piece of Policy BUT still in Draft Form)Reforestation Policy (Excellent piece of Policy BUT still in Draft Form)

• • ““The timber industry as a key player needs to actively pursue reforestation. The timber industry as a key player needs to actively pursue reforestation. Under this policy the government will address all the factors which have Under this policy the government will address all the factors which have prevented the industry from undertaking reforestation”prevented the industry from undertaking reforestation” (PNGFA NR (PNGFA NR Policy (Draft) 2005 p.6).Policy (Draft) 2005 p.6).

...We will be thrilled by witnessing this happening…...We will be thrilled by witnessing this happening…

THANK YOUTHANK YOU