reformation religious revolution?. agree/disagree think globally... not what we have but what should...
TRANSCRIPT
Agree/Disagree• Think globally . . . Not what we have but what
should exist!
1.Protest is a persons right
2.It is sinful or wrong to challenge authority (government, church, parents)
3.Society benefits when everyone does, thinks, acts the same way
4.Religion is an opiate and distorts the true/meaningful life
Pope Francis Perspectives• Colbert Report: 7 January 2014, Fr. Jim Martin
• 4:45 extended version (mute after girl scout cookies)
• 7:45 – interview starts (11:40 end)
Gutenberg’s Press• Cheaper Books
– No more copying
• More books, pamphlets
• Increases Literacy
• Mass production (internet)
• Anonymous authors– Words not speeches
Origins of Reform• Criticism for centuries but no voice• Northern Renaissance focused on religious humanism
– religion as a social tool
Social Political Economic Religious
- Humanism & Secularism challenge religion
Civic rulers challenge the Pope for power
People were jealous of the Pope’s wealth
Corruption-Indulgences-Simony
Printing Press-Criticisms-Bibles
Pope is viewed as a foreign leader
Anger over paying Church taxes
Parties, orgies and wasteful spending
Remember?• What is an indulgence?
• Who was Luther & what did he believe?
• How did the Church deal with people like Luther?
• What factors made Luther successful?
Luther• Monk who opposes the selling of indulgences
• Nails 95 Theses – criticisms of the Pope/indulgences– Vices, lies, power-hungry
• The Pope excommunicates Luther after he refuses to recant
• Germans Revolt against church and serfdom– Luther condemns them (loses popularity to some)
John CalvinJohn Calvin
– Radically opposes the Pope and even Luther– He creates a theocracy (religious government) in
Geneva, Switzerland– John Knox in Scotland spreads his
teachings and Scottish monarchs become
reformed
~Presbyterian Church
Understanding the Response to Luther
Person Position
1.Luther The pope should not be part of the Church any more.
2.Pope Leo X Group 1
3.Charles V Group 2
4.Luther Group 3
5.Charles V Group 4
6.Prince Frederick Group 5
Reread the subsections titled “The Pope’s Threat” and “The Emperor’s Opposition” on page 490 of your textbook, and then summarize the viewpoint of your assigned historical figure.
What you should have figured out…Person Position
1.Luther The pope should not be part of the Church any more.
2.Pope Leo X If you don’t change your mind, I will take away your right to membership in the Church.
3.Charles V Luther, take back what you have said.
4.Luther No. I have to do what I believe is right.
5.Charles V You are an outlaw. Nobody in my lands
Is allowed to help you. All the books you have written will be burned.
6.Prince Frederick
I will protect you, Luther.
Teachings of the Reformation• Lutheran
– No hierarchy– Two Realms
• Church• Secular
– 3 Sola’s• Faith alone• Scripture alone• Grace alone
– No More• Indulgences• Confessions• Prayer to saints -confusion
• Calvinism (Reformed)– Predestination
• Born sinner or saved
– Theocracy– Moral laws– Bible is the authority on
beliefs– No More
• Indulgences• Confessions• Prayers to saints . . .
English Reformation• Henry VIII – Catholic king “Defender of the
Faith
• Married Spanish Catholic: Katherine of Aragon– Only one daughter (Mary), asks for an annulment– Pope refuses, Henry breaks away
• Henry secretly marries Anne Boleyn (Calvinist)– Passes Act of Supremacy – Head of Anglican
Church– Thomas More: advisor who refuses to swear
• Is imprisoned and executed
Henry VIII• Daughter with Boleyn: Elizabeth
• Boleyn is executed
• He marries Jane Seymour: has son Edward
• Seymour dies, three more wives follow
The Early Christian Church
Eastern Orthodoxy Roman Catholicism
Protestantism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
Lutheranism
Episcopalian
Baptist
Methodist
Pentecostal
Presbyterian
Reformed
Luther nails up 95 theses(16th Century)
The Great Schism (1054)
This chart can also be found on page 491.
Religious Beliefs and Practices in the 16th Century
Catholics Lutheranism Calvinism Anglicanism
Leadership Pope is head of Church
Ministers lead Congregation
Council of elders govern each church
English Monarch is head of the Church
Salvation Faith and “Good Works”
Faith Alone Predetermined Faith Alone
Bible Church and Bible tradition are sources of revealed truth
Bible is sole source of revealed truth
Bible is sole source of revealed truth
Bible is sole source of revealed truth
Worship Service
Based on ritual Preaching and ritual
Preaching Ritual and preaching
Interpretation of beliefs
Priest and Church interpret Bible for followers
Believers interpret Bible for themselves
Believers interpret Bible for themselves
Believers interpret the Bible using tradition and reason