7/17/2019 Refrigeration

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/refrigeration-569164cf513f2 1/1

 

R EFRIGERATION 

Refrigeration ............................................................................................................................................. 2 

What it is ............................................................................................................................................... 2 

Ductless problem............................................................................................................................... 4 

Humidity problem ............................................................................................................................. 5 

Temperature-range problem .............................................................................................................. 5 

Heat-flow-rate problem ..................................................................................................................... 6 

 Noise problem ................................................................................................................................... 6 

What it is not ......................................................................................................................................... 6 

What it is for ......................................................................................................................................... 7 

History ................................................................................................................................................... 7 

How it is done ....................................................................................................................................... 9 

Refrigeration efficiency definition .................................................................................................. 10 

Refrigeration capacity ..................................................................................................................... 11 

Vapour compression refrigeration .................................................................................................. 11 

Absorption refrigeration .................................................................................................................. 13 

Gas expansion refrigeration ............................................................................................................ 16 

Thermoelectric refrigeration ........................................................................................................... 16 

Evaporative cooling ........................................................................................................................ 17 

Desiccants ....................................................................................................................................... 18 

Domestic refrigerators ..................................................................................................................... 19 

Portable and non-electric refrigerators ............................................................................................ 20 

Magnetic refrigeration ..................................................................................................................... 20 

Air conditioning .............................................................................................................................. 22 

Components ........................................................................................................................................ 22 

Compressors .................................................................................................................................... 22 

Vaporisers and condensers .............................................................................................................. 24 

Throttling devices ........................................................................................................................... 24 

Piping .............................................................................................................................................. 25 

Fans ................................................................................................................................................. 25 

Defrosting........................................................................................................................................ 25 

Refrigerant fluids ................................................................................................................................ 26 

Desired properties ........................................................................................................................... 26 

Types ............................................................................................................................................... 27 

Substitutive refrigerants .................................................................................................................. 28 

Second refrigerants: glycols, brines and binary ice ........................................................................ 30 

Refrigerant-leakage detection ......................................................................................................... 30 

Ice making ........................................................................................................................................... 30 

Ice cubes .......................................................................................................................................... 31 

Flake ice (chip ice) .......................................................................................................................... 32 

Crushed ice ...................................................................................................................................... 33 

Fluid ice (or liquid ice, or slurry ice, or binary ice) ........................................................................ 33 

Ice rinks ........................................................................................................................................... 33 

Artificial snow................................................................................................................................. 34 

Ice chest............................................................................................................................................... 35