REG 265 – Infrastructure Technology

Dr AHMAD HILMY ABDUL HAMIDSchool of Housing, Building & Planning

Parkings

Parking as part of an overall transportation system is one of the crucial issues of our times. As the number of automobiles increases exponentially, the need to house them in close proximity creates a challenging design problem

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Parking Lots (Primarily Used by Automobiles)

Parking lots are paved areas intended for vehicle parking and can vary

widely in size, function and design. 

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Assumed Traffic

Low speed automobiles and trucks.  Typically, automobiles may travel anywhere in the parking lot while heavy trucks travel to and from delivery and pick-up points only.  Thus, recommended parking lot structural design is divided into two categories:

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Light loads. 

Parking lot areas expected to experience little or no truck traffic can be designed for car and light truck loads only.  Typically light load parking lot areas encompass the parking stalls and parking stall access lanes.  Truck traffic in these areas is limited to a few medium trucks and the occasional

heavy truck that may stray in the parking stall area after hours. 

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Heavy loads.  Parking areas expected to experience significant truck traffic should include a thicker pavement structure to accommodate these heavier loads.  Typically, heavy load parking lot areas encompass the entrance and exit lanes from the parking lot, the area directly in front of a store, truck loading/unloading areas and access routes to these areas.  The recommended minimum pavement thicknesses shown here are for typical parking lot heavy load areas.  If it is likely a particular parking lot will experience excessive heavy loads, it should be designed using an approved procedure.

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General ConsiderationsParking Stall Dimensions:Changes in the vehicle size have changed the parking space dimensions necessary toaccommodate large cars and small cars. These vehicle changes have also reduced the

aislewidth requirements to access a parking stall. Large cars typically need approximately 9

feet ofstall width to provide sufficient door opening width, and small cars need approximately 8

feet ofstall width.

The one-size-fits-all designs are easier to execute for several reasons:

1) most drivers do not know the size of the vehicle or whether it is a large or small car; 2) most drivers take the first available space regardless of size; and 3) large cars parked in small-car spaces create problems by encroaching on adjacent

spaces and possibly on the adjoining aisles.

• The Parking guidelines utilize a one-size-fits-all width of 8 feet 6 inches.

ParkingsDriveway Design:

The safety and efficiency of a street depends on the amount and character of interference affecting vehicles moving along it.

Significant interference is caused on most roads by vehicles entering, leaving, or crossing at intersecting streets and driveways.

In order to minimize accidents and to assure best overall use of the road by the general public, it is necessary to regulate vehicle movements in and out of abutting developments and cross streets.

Parkings• The conflict effect of driveways is a function of traffic and pedestrian

flow along the street and at the driveway.

• A low volume driveway causes relatively little conflict on a major street, and a high volume driveway causes little conflict on a minor route.

• In areas of high pedestrian activity, designs for low speed vehicular entry and exit may be based on radii and restricted total widths.

• Driveways should be designed for curb lane access with minimal encroachment on travel lanes.

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• Design elements of each driveway (location, spacing, sight distance, throat width, radii, angles, and grades) should be based on expected volumes and vehicle characteristics.

• For right-turn entry and exit, the driveway radius should be consistent with the design vehicles sweep path requirements.

• Most driveway design elements are directly related to the layout of the parking area, amount of reservoir space, types of loading facility, circulation pattern, and building placement within the site.

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Parking Area

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Parking Garage

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Parking Layout

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Robotic Parking – Vertical Stacking

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Robotic Parking – Vertical Stacking

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Robotic Parking Garage

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Eco Parking Area

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Motorcycle Parking

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Motorcyle parking

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Bus Parking Area

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Bus station parking

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Parking Guidance – Road Signs

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Parking Guidance - Underground

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Parking Guidance - Multistorey

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Congestion Reduction

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Parking – Recogniton Technology

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Parking – Occupancy Recognition

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Vehicle Clamp

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Parking Stunts

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Parking Oddity

Auto Parking

Robotic Parking

Kerja kursusAnda dijemput oleh sebuah Pihak Berkuasa tempatan (PBT) untuk merangka garis panduan pembangunan di kawasan mereka. Tulis satu laporan ringkas untuk PBT berkenaan dengan memberi tumpuan kepada perkara berikut:

i) Cadangan jalan - Hieraki- Kebolehsampaian- Isu Mobiliti- Jalan residensi

ii) Peparitan & Pakir - Jenis2 pakir dan peparitan lestari

iii) Sistem lampu jalan - Opsyen dan keperluan

NOTA:1.Sokong laporan anda dengan rajah, gambar dan jadual yang relevan2.Laporan anda tidak harus melebihi 20 muka surat (penulisan sahaja)

CourseworkYou have been invited by a Local Authority (LA) to prepare a development guideline for their locality. Write a brief report for the LA by giving focus to the following items:

i) Road proposal - Hierachy- Accessibility- Mobility issues- Residential roads

ii) Parking & Drainage - Types of parking and sustainable drainage

iii) Street light system - Options and requirements

NOTES:1.Support your report with the relevant diagrams, photos and tables.2.Your report should not exceed 20 pages (written words)

Website

http://www.hbp.usm.my/hilmy/index.htm

Course submission:

on or before 11th Sept 2009

Place:

HBP front office – please sign submission checklist

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Next Topic:

Drainage & Street Lightings