RegCEP: Regional Clusters in Energy Planning Final Report

2009-2011

C O N T E N T S

Highlights 2

1. Introduction 3

2. RenewableEnergy 8

3. EnergyEfficiency 17

4. ClusterPlans 25

5. PilotProjects 33

6. Trans-National‘tool-kit’ 38

Contactpersons 43

ParticipantCompanies 44

The aim of RegCEP was to focus on the use of regional clusters for energy

planning, providing a territorial instrument for the development of

intelligent energy by enterprises. RegCEP thus aimed to develop regional clusters

as an instrument of integrating energy policy and regional policy.

Eight locations were identified that exemplified the issues and challenges around

regional clusters in energy planning: Shannon industrial estate (Ireland), South

Karelia metal industry (Finland), Bayton Road industrial estate, Coventry (UK),

South Estonia wood cluster (Estonia), Kaba industrial cluster (Hungary), Ruse clusters

(Bulgaria), Marche mechanical engineering (Italy), Celje tool making cluster (Slovenia).

The partnership of 13 organisations embraced development agencies, energy agencies,

non-governmental organizations, universities, business support and an international

association.

The key outcomes of RegCEP were on five central themes:

Renewable energy: The partner clusters have access to (almost) all forms of renewable

energy, but there was very little real penetration of renewable energy into the clusters.

Companies are reluctant, neutral or opposed to adopting renewables. Constraints include:

lack of expertise; relative cost disadvantage of renewable energy against conventional

energy; administration difficulties.

Energy efficiency: Use of energy efficiency was lower than expected. Substantial

concerns were expressed about poor awareness and weak motivation around energy.

Also, there is a need to integrate energy into the pressing financial difficulties of the

enterprises in the current recession. Promotion of energy management is key.

Energy plans: Five main strategies were highlighted - energy enhancements to buildings,

energy management, renewable energy, funding and energy for production. Overall, the

need for an integrated cluster approach is evident. Almost all clusters had more than one

strategy, demonstrating the potential for ‘multi-dimensional’ objectives, with half the

clusters having three or more strategies.

Pilot projects: All the projects effectively exploit the “cluster” approach, grouping

selected companies for more intelligent use of energy – district energy systems,

managing energy consumption, shared energy on a common electrical grid, training

and study visits, increase information about energy, intelligent buildings, combined

heat power and shared solar power. Potential energy savings are over 200 GWh per

year.

Trans-national ‘toolkit’: The strategy of “district energy” aims to make available

to enterprises in clusters a range of energy solutions, based around shared facilities

and common ownership, such as “co-generation” or “combined heat power”. Main

approaches highlighted by the partners were on the process of energy strategies

in clusters and how companies make decisions about energy.

Action in 2012: At the time of writing, partners are working on further

implementation of the projects specified by the RegCEP exercise, with potential

support from their domestic authorities and European programmes.

1.1 Objectives

The aim of RegCEP was to focus on the use of regional clusters for energy planning, providing a territorial

instrument for the development of intelligent energy by enterprises. RegCEP aimed to overcome the barrier

of the poor use of intelligent energy by SMEs, by exploiting regional clusters as a tool for energy planning

by SMEs. RegCEP thus aimed to develop regional clusters as an instrument of integrating energy policy and

regional policy.*

The project had specific objectives: (i) to produce intelligent energy plans with start-up of pilot projects for

8 regional clusters; (ii) to empower and stimulate enterprises in the clusters to integrate intelligent energy

into their business practices; (iii) to develop a trans-national toolkit for regional clusters and energy planning,

capable of dissemination transfer across Europe.

RegCEP also exploited the results of other IEE projects, with lessons from previous projects including exploiting

energy savings, optimising thermal energy, energy management, delivery systems for energy efficiency in

SMEs and other aspects.

Profile of each of the clusters is outlined below

In Shannon, the industrial estate is the largest single concentration of industry on Ireland’s western seaboard.

It was established in the 1960s as an instrument for national regional policies. Industrial sectors are mixed:

aerospace, internationally-trade services, engineering, electronics and information technology. Key policies

have been to encourage the integration of the industrial estate with the adjacent international airport as a

centre for aviation-related enterprise. Considerable efforts have also been made to secure industrial spin-off

and linkage with the surrounding region. Energy consumption is primarily through electricity.

In SouthKarelia the metal industry is functionally integrated with the regional economy, with strong linkages

to both the forestry industry and the construction industry. Increasing networking between firms is taking

place, and the sector is the second largest in South Karelia after the pulp and paper industry. Significant

collaborative programmes in research with the metal industry have been developed at the Lappeenranta

University of Technology. In addition, high technology metal construction is a field of expertise in the

Centre of Expertise in Southeast Finland. The metal-using industries of South Karelia are significant users of

electricity.

In Coventry, the Bayton Road Industrial Estate, situated in Exhall, Bedworth in the Coventry and Nuneaton

Regeneration Zone, is one of the largest industrial estates in the West Midlands. It comprises approximately

200 businesses, with a high proportion in engineering and manufacturing processes. Businesses range in

size from international businesses engaged in the automotive supply chain, employing 650 people to small

businesses employing 5 staff or less. Approximately three quarters of the businesses employ less than 20

people. The total labour force of some 3,300 staff is drawn mainly from the Coventry and Nuneaton area.

Main energy use is through electricity, with space and process heating from gas.

In SouthEstonia, the forest and wood cluster is one of the strongest and biggest industrial clusters today.

This is directly related to the fact that up to 2/3 of Estonian territory is covered by wood. The wood is

used both for saw material production and but also in energy sector as well as for log houses, veneer and

plywood, chips and other wooden products. Local pulp industry is still in development using only a little

1. Introduction

i n t r o d u c t i o n3

i n t r o d u c t i o n4

part of pulpwood the cuttings produce. The pulpwood of spruce, pine, birch and aspen not used in Estonia

is exported to the Scandinavian pulp and paper industries. The share of exports of wood industry in total

turnover is 64%.

In the Celje region of Slovenia companies in the tool making cluster are working in several industry fields:

tools and services, automobile industry, airplane industry, computer industry, domestic appliances industry

and other industries. Some of the companies in the cluster are already active in the field of energy efficiency

and/or use of renewable energy. Key priorities for the cluster include horizontal and vertical integration of

the companies and organizations involved into the tool-making business.

In Kaba, a town of 6,000 population in North Great Plain (Hungary), the cluster has been developed around a

former sugar industry company. The sugar factory had been closed, and investors shown up for the utilisation

of the industrial area, suitable for agro-energetic projects. Several bio-energetic projects and enterprises

started in the region, and in nearby areas, but most of them face constraints such as lack of information,

management and professional capacities.

Ruse, Bulgaria, is a strategic inland port city on the Danube. Three clusters and industrial groupings have

been selected. One is concerned with textiles, focused on clothing production. Ruse has a substantial tradition

with production of apparel and an active business network has developed around skills and facilities for

clothing. The second cluster focuses on agricultural equipment in the surrounding region. This is a rural area,

and the agricultural equipment sector has important strategic implications. The third one is an industrial

grouping dealing with the production of furniture. Ruse is one of the important Bulgarian regions in this

sector with leading companies on the market, combined with educational structure and business support

network. Moreover, the selected industrial clusters and groupings have been developing intensively over the

last 15 years.

In the MarcheRegion of Italy, the Elmec network is an export consortium composed of small and medium

factories dealing with mechanical electro-mechanical and electronics fields. The companies cooperate to

export technology, activities and products. Elmec staff operates side by side with the entrepreneur and work

out market strategies. They collaborate in business relations, organized business trips and international trade

fairs. Elmec Consortium coordinates the promotion activities of common interest and organizes collective

participation to international explorative business trips and trade fairs.

1.2 The Partnership

The partnership (see table 1 below) was drawn from eight countries (Ireland, United Kingdom, Finland,

Italy, Estonia, Hungary, Slovenia and Bulgaria) and embraced a wide range of interests including regional

development agencies, energy agencies, non-governmental organizations, universities, business support

and an international association.

i n t r o d u c t i o n5

Table 1: Partner organizations

Participantname Country Typeoforganization

Shannon Development (lead) Ireland Regional development agency

Limerick/Clare Energy Agency Ireland Energy agency

University of Coventry UK University

Lappeenranta University of Technology Finland University

Asteria Italy Development agency

Agena Italy Energy agency

Baltic Innovation Agency Estonia Business Support organisation

Celje regional development agency Slovenia Regional development agency

Kssena Slovenia Energy agency

Eastern Hungarian European Initiatives Foundation Hungary Non-governmental organisation

European Association of Developmen Agencies EU International association

Ruse Business Support Centre for SMEs Bulgaria Business support organisation

Ruse Regional Energy Agency Bulgaria Energy agency

* This Report was prepared by the Partnership and does not necessarily represent the opinion of the European

Commission.

1.3 The regional clusters

Eight areas (see table 2 below) were identified that exemplified the issues and challenges around regional

clusters in energy planning. Three of the clusters are industrial districts prominent in their regions (Shannon,

Coventry and Kaba) while five are regional sectors (metals in South Karelia, saw milling in Estonia, textiles/

agricultural engineering/furniture in Bulgaria, mechanical engineering in Marche and tool making in Slovenia).

All share the common characteristic of being clearly defined clusters, and will thus exemplify the use of regional

clusters as tools for energy planning.

1.4 Patterns of energy use

The enterprises (see table 3 following) were surveyed in terms of their actual usage of energy by use of a

special calculation tool, with 124 companies responding with data. Differences in response between clusters

means that only general conclusions should be drawn from this data. Key findings are as follows:

• Natural gas is the largest source of energy, accounting for almost 50% of usage. Only Shannon was lower

than this, at 21%, while all other clusters were close to 50%, or substantially above it, in dependence on

natural gas. This predominance of natural gas will have important implications in future planning for

energy in the clusters.

• Use of renewable energy was insignificant, at less than 1% of usage. Awareness of the potential of

renewable energy was very low. There was no evidence of any significant demand for renewable energy

from the enterprises. Costs or supply of natural gas would have to change substantially for renewable

energy to feature as an issue in many of the clusters.

• Electricity and thermal energy are about equal in energy usage.

• Electricity predominates in the spending on energy, accounting for over 80% of energy costs.

Table 2: Profile of the Clusters

Area Cluster Enterprises Employed

Shannon (Ireland) Shannon industrial estate, mixed industry 105 7,500

South Karelia (Finland) Metal structures industry 100 1,000

Coventry (UK) Bayton Road industrial estate, mixed industry 200 3,300

South Estonia (Estonia) Forest and wood cluster 100 2,000

North Great Plain (Hungary) Kaba industrial cluster 50 1,000

Ruse (Bulgaria) Three clusters: textiles, agricultural engineering

and furniture 70 6,400

Marche (Italy) Mechanical engineering cluster 50 3,200

Celje (Slovenia) Tool-making cluster 50 1,800

Total 725 26,200

i n t r o d u c t i o n6

Country Cluster Companies kWh AnnualCO2 Sales-€

Bulgaria RUSE 6 11,434,547.6 2,757.10 €545,733.13

Finland South Karelia 3 3,206,700.0 648.37 €229,921.04

Hungary Kaba Cluster 16 19,177,162.6 8,204.44 €1,192,218.78

Ireland Shannon 36 98,027,683.0 47,355.31 €10,017,178.09

Italy Regione Marche 46 45,155,720.3 20,026.51 €4,854,630.75

Slovenia Celje 4 40,251,407.6 16,596.10 €2,404,999.50

United Kingdom Coventry 13 56,802,910.0 19,079.77 €2,496,008.17

124 274,056,131.1 114,667.59 €21,740,689.46

Table 3: Cluster Data Audit & Analysis

Energy kWh

Heating Gas oil (35 sec) 2,019,671

Light fuel oil (290 sec) 10,357,944

Medium fuel oil (950 sec) 146,900

Heavy fuel oil (3500 sec) 90,892

District Heating* 131,000

Natural Gas 123,007,611

LPG 5,259,940

Wood Products 2,400

Thermal Energy 141,016,358

Electricity-Grid* 133,039,773

TotalEnergy 274,056,131

Electricity-Grid*49%

ThermalEnergy51%

RegCepEnergyTypeSummary

© Limerick Clare Energy Agency (www.lcea.ie)

Location of clusters

Shannon

Coventry

Celje

Marche

SouthKarelia

SouthEstonia

Kaba

Ruse

i n t r o d u c t i o n7

Thepartnerclustershaveaccessto(almost)allformsofrenewableenergy,but

therewasverylittlerealpenetrationofrenewableenergyintotheclusters.

Companiesarereluctant,neutraloropposedtoadoptingrenewables.Constraints

include:lackofexpertise;relativecostdisadvantageofrenewableenergyagainst

conventionalenergy;administrationdifficulties.

2.1 Types of renewable energy

Renewable energy refers to a range of options from several sources:

Solar energy: Solar energy falls into two broad categories, solar thermal and solar

photovoltaic (PV).

Solarthermal. Solar radiation from the sun reaches the surface of the Earth at about 1

kW per square metre. This radiation can be captured to provide thermal energy, perhaps

for heating water or heating buildings. It, of course, is also one of the fundamental

ingredients for the growing of crops. In most European countries, the annual average

solar energy is of the order of 1000 kWh per square metre. Solar thermal technology, to

date, has largely concentrated on solar water heating, and this is predominantly in the

Mediterranean region.

SolarPV.Photovoltaic cells, initially developed for space applications, convert photons

from the sun into electrical energy. This conversion process is up to 20% efficient, limited

by the physics of the cell. Increasing volume of manufacture is gradually bringing the unit

price down, but the systems are still relatively expensive. Several European countries have

implemented incentives in order to stimulate the market and enhance the uptake of low

carbon technologies.

Biomass. Biomass is used to describe a wide variety of plants which grow by sequestration

in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere using energy from the sun-photosynthesis. We

can therefore take biomass to be a concentrated form of solar energy. Biomass can come

from wood, crops, agricultural residues and food waste and the product can be used for

heat, electrical generation or transport.

Hydroelectricity. Generation of electricity from hydro sources is a mature technology

and hydro electric sites have been exploited around the world with over 50,000 dams.

Hydroelectric plants can provide energy on demand since the stored water represents

stored energy. Large schemes, with heads of tens or hundreds of metres providing

large amounts of power, whereas smaller schemes are less productive and sometimes

expensive.

Geothermalandheatpumps.The use of geothermal energy is growing. In some

cases it is combined with heat pumps, utilising the Earth as a natural heat source.

Heat pumps are essentially similar to a vapour compression refrigerator, where

the thermodynamic cycle moves heat from one source to another.

Wave energy. The waves in the north Atlantic are highly energetic and current developments in wave

energy technology are moving towards commercialisation of capturing the ocean wave energy. Amongst the

partners, Shannon has a great potential for wave energy due to its location on the west coast of Ireland.

Tidalenergy.In certain locations around the world the tidal range can be as much as 10 to 15m, far exceeding

the world average of about half a metre. In such locations the high tide can be captured by a barrage and the

water released through hydro turbines a few hours later. The technology to exploit tides in this way has been

in use for over 40 years in northern France. Recent developments are in tidal current technologies.

Windenergy. Wind energy technology has been developed over the last 30 years, and although it’s still

developing, has reached commercial maturity with a number of wind farms having been installed across

Europe and in particular, in north-west Europe, where prevailing winds are adequate to support development

of wind energy infrastructure. There is considerable benefit in exploiting sites with high wind speed (a

doubling of wind speed means that the power density is increased eightfold).

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y

There was

very little real

penetration of

renewable energy

into the clusters.

““

9

Kaba Cluster

2.2 Challenges for renewable energy

A number of challenges were highlighted in individual clusters, such as the problem of grid connection, and

legal changes being made from time to time. This meant that companies could not make forward plans with

any certainty that the situation would still ensure that their planning would survive beyond a short time.

Infrastructural problems were raised by most partners as a challenge. Access to finance and the low cost of

conventional energy in relation to renewable energy were seen as important issues.

Detailsacrossthepartnershipareasfollows

Shannon: Renewable electricity projects are hampered by environmental and ecological issues. Grid connection

has been problematic. The gating system has mitigated against a competitive market and the leverage of

manufacturing & services. REFIT tariff is not as competitive as neighbouring counties and is diverting limited

investment cash. For biomass the issues are absence of grant supports, strategy on delivery and lack of public

investment in infrastructure.

Reducing the cost of energy is a critical factor for capital intensive industries based at Shannon Free Zone.

Possible increases in electricity charges fly in the face of this initiative. Low gas prices are effectively delaying

the commercial viability of projects identified which substitute biomass for oil as an alternative heat energy

source. Inadequate bank finance for capital projects has been reported in delaying the establishment of

projects for the rollout of combined heat power.

SouthKarelia:Geothermal heat, wave and tidal energy are not found in Finland. South Karelia is inland and

not windy, so wind energy is very limited. Optimal radiation power from the sun is only about 1130 kWh/m2:

for example, concentrated solar plant needs about 2000 kWh/m2 to function properly. Local hydro power

reserves are already in use. Enterprises are not necessarily located near water so heat from water cannot be

exploited. Biogas is used in other places, for example at farms .

It is cheaper for enterprises to buy their electricity from the grid rather than produce it themselves in small

scale. The cluster has therefore little interest in paying more to get renewable energy instead of “normal”

energy. When exploiting the biomass the prices of raw material can rise. There could be competition on who

gets the fuel and who does not. In South Karelia there are many paper and pulp mills. Farming energy plants

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y10

Table 4: Renewable energy issues in the clusters

Issues Cluster

Shannon S Karelia Coventry S Estonia Kaba Ruse Marche Celje

Environmental &

ecological issues X X X

Grid connection X

Lack of Incentives X

Lack of strategy X X X

Infrastructure X X X X X

Administrative difficulties X X X

Legal changes X

Cost of existing energy X X X

High cost of renewables X X X X X

Access to finance X X X

Variability in supply X X

take capacity away from food production. Solar thermal is mainly used in heating water. Hot water does not

have a significant role in the cluster.

Coventry: Energy is supplied to the industrial estate, from the national electrical grid, and from the national

gas network. Thus, fossil fuels ultimately provide most of the electricity, and most of the heating of companies

on the industrial estate. Some companies are not connected to the gas supply and must purchase bottled

gas. Importantly, some sites are owned by the occupier, who then have a vested interest in improving energy

management. Energy costs are rather modest, but steadily climbing. Whilst energy is an important feature of

the balance sheet for most companies, it is not yet a major consideration. Concern about increasing energy

costs is becoming an issue.

Renewable resources are not generally regarded as accessible because of the densely occupied location,

although there is agricultural land on the eastern boundary of the estate. There is no hydro resource nearby,

and the nearest coast is over 200km away, rendering tidal and wave resources too distant for direct use. The

solar resource is low, the local wind speed is also low at 4.5m/s On the other hand the UK Government Feed-In

Tarriff is generous and currently stimulating the PV and wind demand.

South Estonia: In South Estonia the forest and wood cluster is one of the strongest and largest industrial

clusters today. This is directly related to the fact that up to 2/3 of Estonian territory is covered by wood. The

wood is used both for saw material production but also in energy sector as well as for log houses, veneer and

plywood, chips and other wooden products. The share of exports of wood industry in total turnover is 64%.

The Estonian economy is highly dependent on fossil fuels. Approximately 90% of Estonia’s energy is produced

through the combustion of fossil fuels. The remaining 10% comes from renewables, such as biomass,

hydropower and wind. Estonia’s largest renewable energy potential is to be found in the biomass sector, but

possibilities also exist in the areas of wind power, biogas electricity and small hydro power. This situation is also

reflected on cluster level, where no specific cluster-wide initiatives for promotion of renewable energy have

been developed to date.

Kaba:According to the geographical circumstances of the region, biomass is the most important source of

renewable energy. However, on most of the substantial area of arable land, the farmers are still producing

mainly maize on the former sugar beet fields due to the relatively high prices. Although, solar (thermal and

pv) and geothermal energy resources are also available in the region, the problem is that the infrastructure for

utilizing these renewable energy is still not established, due to the relatively high investment costs.

Within the cluster, the most important point of using renewable energy is reducing the operating costs. High

investments costs and the low rates of return mean that many companies cannot afford the investments in

renewable energy. Mainly only those companies with high volumes and potentially high incomes are really

interested in the utilization of renewable energy. In the Kaba cluster, for example, the fridge house that stores

food products has relatively high operating costs and has already taken steps for the investment in renewable

energy.

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y11

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y12

Ruse: Key issues include many administrative and regulatory difficulties, decentralization of the grid and

possibilities for micro generation and micro grids.

There is interest for investments from foreign companies in the field of renewable energy, although not

many investments have been achieved. There is preferential pricing for buying-in energy from renewable

sources, so using energy from own-operated renewable energy schemes is not viable. Electrical energy from

some sources is not suitable for industrial purposes. In Bulgaria PV and wind are promoted more actively than

other renewable like biomass, but for the Ruse area wind is almost irrelevant. The cost of renewable energy

is relatively high, but in the future is likely to be cheaper than conventional sources.

Marche: Energy need in this cluster is currently met almost entirely by fossil sources. To better understand the

framework of our district, it is important to note that in some areas even natural gas is not available, thus

forcing companies to use liquid propane gas as an alternative. LPG is mainly used for heating buildings in small

volumes, usually offices. In those areas, it appears very unrealistic to envisage a shift to renewable sources,

without a major infrastructure investment.

Many companies have expressed the need for renewable sources to be available locally and they propose to

build small plants for the production of energy shared by a group of companies. This type of approach that

would thus help to divide the necessary investment costs among various partners.

Celje:Renewable energy sources are not widely used in the companies of the cluster. Thus, at the commencement

of the project, most companies expressed interest in securing more information about availability of renewable

energy sources and also options to increase the use of renewable energy sources. The analysis of the regional

renewable energy sources possibilities showed that the highest potential in the region is in wood biomass and

solar power. There is also some possibility with other sources: hydro power (small power plants), geothermal

energy and biogas.

There is substantial potential in wood biomass sources, since Slovenia has rich forestation. However, challenges

are mostly in encouraging companies of the cluster to take the first step towards improving energy efficiency

of buildings and production processes. Following that there would definitely be a need for new investments:

while renewable energy sources like wood biomass and solar energy are generally accessible, they would still

have some investment requirement. The survey of the companies in the cluster demonstrated high awareness

and interest for use of renewable energy sources.

2.3 Potential for renewable energy

It is interesting to note that, between them, the partner cluster have access to (almost) all forms of renewable

energy (see table 5). This presents the potential for an invaluable insight into the technical opportunities and

difficulties associated with each form of renewable in a comparative way, and thereby to explore how the

most appropriate energy source can be selected for a particular application. For energy strategies to deliver

the carbon dioxide emission reductions by 2050 it may be necessary to harness several energy sources at each

location, and again, this range amongst the partners will inform the ranking of those options.

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y13

Table 5: Renewable energy – annual potential

Energysource Shannon South Coventry South Kaba Ruse Marche Celje

Karelia Estonia

Solar insulation,

kWh/m2 980 900 980 1050 1400 1500 1600 1350

Solar thermal, kWh/m2 440 400 440 470 630 675 720 610

Solar PV, kWh/m2 150 140 150 160 210 230 245 210

Wind, MW 400 /27 0.15 13 0.1 -0.4 2

Wave, MW 100

Tidal, MW 10

Geothermal, MW

Heatpump, MW 1 0.5 1 0.2 0.5 0.7-1.5 0.2 0.2

Hydro, MW 89 2.5 0.2-0.5 230 1071

Biomass (MW) 100 4.4 51

• Heat 1.5 15/60 11 12.03

• Electricity 30 3.4 7.3 13.8

• Motive power

• Hydrogen/fuel cell

other

Waste (to energy)

the partner

cluster have

access to (almost)

all forms of

renewable energy

“

“

Marche Cluster

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2.4 Installed Capacity

However, when the group investigated actual use, with notable exceptions, there was found to be very little

real penetration of renewable energy into the clusters (see table 6). The total amongst all of the partners

amounts to less than 300MW electrical and 40 MW of biomass. In South Karelia District heating is from

municipal schemes.

2.5 Conclusions

The results of the renewable energy action generated some very significant conclusions.

The eight clusters in this project are in quite different geographical locations, and since the clusters vary in

nature with some consisting of a number of companies being close neighbours on industrial estates, and

others associations of related companies spread over a region, there is a wide variety of renewable resource

and access to those resources. The clusters therefore report a wide range of potential renewable resources

A number of challenges were highlighted in individual clusters, such as the problem of grid connection, and

legal changes being made from time to time which meant that companies could not make forward plans

with any certainty that the situation would still ensure that their planning would survive beyond a short

time. Infrastructural problems were raised by most partners as a challenge. Access to finance and the (low)

cost ratio of conventional/renewable energy were seen as important issues.

Table 6: Renewable energy – installed capacity

Shannon South Coventry South Kaba Ruse Marche Celje

Karelia Estonia

Solar insulation,

kWh/m2 0.5

Solar thermal, kWh 0.5

Solar PV, kWh/m2 0.1 62 2

Wind, MW 120 (400)

Wave, MW

Tidal, MW

Geothermal, MW

Heatpump, MW 1

Hydro, MW 89 0.035

Biomass (MW)

• Heat 5 12 1.4

• Electricity 13.8 0.85

• Motive power

• Hydrogen/fuel cell

• Biogas 1.8

Waste (to energy)

14

r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y r e n e w a b l e e n e r g y15

When the technical barriers to the implementation of renewables is examined across the partners there are

some significant common elements, and in particular several partners mention a lack of expertise and of

training (for staff manufacturing or installing renewable equipment). The relative cost of renewable energy

against conventional energy was identified as a key issue. In administrative terms, the level of difficulties

encountered or anticipated was quite different from cluster to cluster, with some partners finding/expecting

this to be a large impediment, whilst others did not identify it as a major problem. Incentives were regarded

as very important to essential by most partners.

There was found to be very little penetration of renewable energy into the clusters. The total amongst all of

the partners amounts to less than 300MW electrical and 40 MW of biomass. The significance of this low rate

of penetration into clusters is that it almost certainly supports the findings of other work in the programme;

that companies are reluctant, neutral or opposed to adopting renewables.

Local or regional committees, groups, energy agencies etc have been established in six of the partner cluster

areas. The growing awareness is encouraging, but is leading companies into areas where they are unsure of

how to proceed, perhaps lacking expertise and guidance, access to appropriate technology and finance. The

local groups will help with much of this.

Common features across the partnership have been identified, particularly such things as cost, the need for

a demonstrator or pilot project, access to technical knowledge and trained technical operators are almost

universally demanded. All are seen as essential by the partners for successful implementation of renewable

energy into regional clusters. In some of these aspects such as skills and training, partners in this project may

be able to formulate a common approach, such as training material, high-level design, shared experiences

with implementing technology, etc.

Ruse company in the agricultural engineering sector

16

Useofenergyefficiencywasfoundtobelowerthanexpected.

Substantialconcernswereexpressedaboutpoorawareness

andweakmotivationaroundenergy.Also,thereisaneedtointegrate

energyintothepressingfinancialdifficultiesoftheenterprisesinthe

currentrecession.Promotionofenergymanagementiskey.

3.1 Energy awareness

A survey was undertaken of 184 enterprises (25% of the total) although

this coverage varied substantially across the clusters, depending on local

conditions and circumstances. Thus small statistical differences should be

discounted and only overall patterns should be used. Also, the survey was

dependent on the agreement of firms to cooperate, so it is likely that, in

many clusters, the more “energy-conscious” firms participated. This bias

should be noted when interpreting the results. See table 7.

The survey of enterprise explored attitudes to energy across the eight

clusters. Consciousness about energy was substantial: the answer to the

question “how important to you consider energy to be for your business?”

was answered positively by most companies. This reflects a substantial

concern for energy.

Perceived importance of energy is not statistically related to respondent’s

country and no correlation between enterprise size exists. However,

specifically energy efficiency attitude seems to correlate with staff number

and answers from new member states have a more positive attitude to

energy efficiency than the old ones. However, renewable energy is taken

less positively and there is more variation in the attitude towards it among

the enterprises. Attitude towards renewable energy seems to correlate

with both the annual turnover and average staff number.

However, when enterprises were asked about their actual familiarity

with each of 11 energy efficiency techniques, using a scale 1 to 5, a more

negative picture emerges. The table below classifies the overall responses

to how familiar the enterprises were with different techniques. The table

below is ranked according to the level 4 “applied” column (the most

actively involved level). This pattern suggests some significant findings.

The techniques with the highest level of “applied” were insulation,

ventilation and training, reflecting the typical energy concerns of

the enterprise sector. These three techniques form a cluster, with

other techniques being used significantly less. However, the number

applying these top three techniques only represented one-third of

the enterprises. Thus a substantial discrepancy is obvious between

aspiration and reality among the enterprises, with the real

application of energy efficiency technique well below the level of

aspiration.

17

But positive aspirations are still evident, according to the table. Looking at the level 3 column (“not

applied but interested”) shows a substantial positive attitude to adopting several techniques, particularly

high efficiency electrical motors, insulation, ventilation and smart metering. Thus considerable scope

exists among the enterprises to adopt energy efficiency techniques.

Table 7: Energy efficiency

Leveloffamiliaritywithenergyefficiencytechniques(1-5)(rankedby“applied”,no4)

Energyefficiency 1.Not 2.Not 3.Not 4.Applied 5.Applied Totaltechnique familiar applied, applied previously notinterested butinterested butnot

anymore

Better insulation inbuildings 9 37 72 57 9 184

Modern ventilation and cooling 16 41 67 55 4 183

Energy training 22 49 53 54 6 184

High efficiency electrical motors 28 37 72 39 9 185

Energy control systems 32 59 53 38 2 184

Variable speed drives 37 66 35 38 6 182

Energy management and planning 49 44 53 35 3 184

Other equipment 30 67 48 34 4 183

Waste heat recovery 29 64 57 31 3 184

Smart metering 30 63 66 22 3 184

Energy efficiencycertification 65 50 51 15 2 183

Looking at the “applied” column (no 4) in percentage terms illustrates the pattern clearly (table 8). The

low proportion of firms applying even the most basic of energy efficiency techniques is striking.

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Table 8: Energy efficiency as %

Energyefficiencytechnique %offirmsapplyingthetechnique(level4)

Better insulation in buildings 31%

Modern ventilation and cooling 30%

Energy training 29%

High efficiency electrical motors 21%

Energy control systems 21%

Variable speed drives 21%

Energy management and planning 19%

Other equipment 19%

Waste heat recovery 17%

Smart metering 12%

Energy efficiency certification 8%

Some significant differences were noted across the clusters, reflecting local conditions:

• Shannon (Ireland) had high usage of energy management, reflecting relatively large size of enterprises

(multi-national branch-plants).

• Better insulation was of highest concern in South Karelia (Finland) and South Estonia, due to climatic

issues.

• Celje (Slovenia) had high rates of adoption in several techniques: staff training, certification,

ventilation, electrical motors and energy control, possibly reflecting a cluster of technologically strong

companies.

• Ruse and Marche had high rates of awareness on renewable energy.

• For some reason, Coventry seemed to have low awareness on both energy efficiency and renewable

energy.

• Kaba seemed to have low usage of some types of energy efficiency, such as waste heat recovery.

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3.2 The view from the clusters

Major issues identified across the clusters was that use of energy efficiency was closely associated

with large size of enterprise and relative dependence on energy in the business. Substantial concerns

were expressed about poor awareness and weak motivation around energy. Also, there is a need to

integrate energy into the pressing financial difficulties of the enterprises in the current recession.

There are significant challenges around energy management within the companies. Many enterprises

are not aware of the potential benefits of energy savings, and they are often pre-occupied with

pressures of business. Mechanisms for easily implementing energy efficiency within SMEs need to

be prioritised.

Shannon: Shannon industrial zone contains about 100 companies with employment of over 6,000.

The zone is distinctive in that most of the companies are branch-plants of multi-national corporations.

Thus Shannon has a different industrial profile to the other clusters. Most of the Shannon companies

are in the electronics, engineering and aviation-related sectors. Energy costs for these types of

industries are a relatively low proportion of total production costs. This aspect is reflected in the

attitude of companies, who frequently tend to be more sensitive to increases in labour costs and

transports costs rather than energy costs, at least to date

Shannon firms were distinctive in that over half the companies reported that they had active energy

management, in contrast to only 19% for all clusters. This probably arises due to the relatively large

size of the Shannon companies and their role as sub-units within larger international corporations.

This concern for energy management is reflected in high scores in some other variables in the

awareness survey: staff training, certification and ventilation. However, it is significant that other

aspects of energy did not score well in Shannon, such as buildings and waste heat recovery. Reflecting

Irish conditions, Shannon companies had a relatively low usage of natural gas and a high usage of

electricity.

The Shannon experience highlights the challenge of energy management within companies.

Frequently, the energy management function is fragmented in companies, and is not concentrated

in any one individual executive. Thus energy is not seen by the organisation as a specific function.

This often results in opportunities for energy efficiency not being grasped or even perceived.

SouthKarelia: Geographically the enterprises are very much apart from each other. Between the

northernmost and southernmost, there is approximately 100 kilometres, although industry tends

to concentrate in certain areas inside the municipalities. Knowledge of energy efficiency is at a

reasonably good level, but attitudes towards energy efficiency are not as good. When comparing

attitudes to other clusters in the project, Finnish enterprises were among the ones least consciousness

about energy efficiency..

Heating in the cluster is usually done by using district heating or natural gas. Putting energy purchases

out to tender was quite common (55 % had done so), although in district heating and natural gas

the situation is monopolistic. In electricity the situation is slightly different: electricity can be bought

from any producer, but the local network operator must pay for the electricity transport.

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e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c ye n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y e n e r g y e f f i c i e n c y21

As for different energy efficiency improvement techniques, modern ventilation and cooling were well

utilized and also seen as most promising. Almost all respondents stated that they have utilized better

insulation in buildings, which can be explained by the relatively long cold winter period. Variable

speed drives, pumps, fans and efficient motors are the most relevant in engineering industry, so they

were known by the companies, but very few reported actual use for them.

Most of the enterprises treat energy costs as overheads and the most common investment appraisal

method is payback period, which is simple to apply in the case of energy efficiency improvement

investments, but only if the energy prices are actually known. Most of the interviewed enterprises do

not seem to monitor their energy costs, consumption or energy price at all, which gives substantial

scope for improvements in utilizing energy management in South Karelian engineering industry

Coventry: The energy efficiency study coincided with the economic downturn such that many

companies were negative in their attitude to participation. In addition, companies reported that

they were frequently inundated with initiatives such as health and safety, legislation updates,

financial advice on changes to tax and employment law. The companies were therefore saturated

with initiatives and many reported they could not or would not find time for yet another “survey”.

However, those companies that did participate reported they found the exercise valuable and useful

in planning their energy requirements.

Of the respondents, almost all considered energy to be important, and that response largely stems

from the cost of energy. Not many had instituted energy saving measures, and where the company

was small there was probably insufficient in-house knowledge to progress an energy management

process. Of the energy efficiency tools available, many companies would only install ones with a short

payback period. Few used any sophisticated financial tool, but kept to recording simple payback.

Some companies owned their premises and so would be willing to consider installing building energy

conservation as a long term investment. Other sites were either branches of larger companies, where

the local manager had no influence on such spending, or were tenants with no stake in the building

and so were not prepared to commit funds to benefit the landlord.

Very large energy consuming companies were negotiating extremely low energy prices, and this had

the effect of rendering investment in energy efficiency technologies (such as high efficiency motors)

uneconomic. The payback period would be so long that the motor would have come to the end of

its life before the financial benefit was reached.

SouthEstonia:The forest and wood cluster is one of the strongest and biggest industrial clusters in

Estonia. The wood is used both for saw material production and but also in energy sector as well as

for log houses, veneer and plywood, chips and other wooden products. Local pulp industry is still in

development using only a little part of pulpwood the cuttings produce.

Most of the respondents of the survey declared that energy efficiency is substantially important

for their company; however most of them had not participated in voluntary energy efficiency

programmes previously. Cluster companies believed that they will have the possibility to increase

the share of renewable energy in their consumption even if for the moment the usage of renewable

energy in their overall energy is very low.

22

The majority of the respondents concluded that they do not have an energy management system in their

company but they were positive about possible consultation in the field of energy issues as well as about

possibilities to participate in an international project on the development of energy efficiency.

There were also some differences depending on the size and production complexity of the involved

companies. It appeared that in larger companies, and in companies with high energy consumption,

the awareness of energy efficiency is on higher level that in small companies with less sophisticated

production. Also the high energy consumption companies are considerably more interested to implement

energy efficiency measures than smaller companies. However it is expected that the awareness of the

energy efficiency will also rise in small companies in coming years triggered by the increasing costs for

energy and need to maintain its competitiveness.

Kaba:The cluster has been developed around a former sugar industry company. The sugar factory had

been closed, and investors have made proposals for the utilisation of the industrial area, suitable for

agro-energy projects. Most of the respondents of the awareness questionnaire declared that energy

efficiency is significantly important at their company, however most of them have not participated in

voluntary energy efficiency programmes to date. They also believe they do not have the possibility to

increase the share of renewable energy in their consumption. Almost 90% of the respondents reported

that they do not have an energy management system in their company. Unfortunately most of the

surveyed enterprises do not use renewable energy for their energy consumption. Almost half of the

respondents thought that their organization do not need help or consultation in the field of energy

issues, but still most of them would welcome an opportunity to participate in an international project on

the development of energy efficiency.

The enterprises in the region are dependent on mainly electrical energy from the national grid and from

natural gas.

The summarized experience overall for Hungarian enterprise is that, while energy is important, most of

the businesses pay very slight attention to environmental protection and to energy sufficiency. Among

the causes can be mentioned that the company leaders need to deal with everyday financial problems. In

addition, the international economic situation and the recent change of the government cause significant

uncertainty. Furthermore, developing new energy efficient systems require significant financial resources.

While the price of non-renewable energy is high, and increases constantly, the company owners find

long-term planning very difficult and uncertain.

Ruse: The financial crisis is felt by the companies in all three selected sectors, especially for those exporting

to the EU. Market demand has decreased and as a consequence many companies reduced their workforce

and production or temporarily closed their operations. The three sectors are among the most affected by

the crisis in Bulgaria. In this situation energy efficiency projects managed in clusters are not seen to be

feasible for the companies – their primary goal is cutting costs and trying to survive.

The companies have shown a general interest towards EU-funded programmes. However, a considerable

disappointment is expressed by all companies from their participation or attempts for participation in the

European projects, especially those dedicated to modernizing their equipment. The reasons for this are

reported to be complex procedures, heavy bureaucracy and sometimes even corruption.

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None of the interviewed companies has an energy management system in operation. They have no

strategic and systematic approach in dealing with energy saving. Only one company out of those

interviewed has made any investments in energy saving. The companies who are renting their

production premises receive as tenants a common bill for the costs: these do not contain breakdown

of costs for heating and lighting. Thus, companies lack any workable data and cannot make a proper

analysis. However, the companies from the textile and apparel sector do have a very clear view what

they need to do. Also those companies with the newest machinery experienced good energy saving.

The highest energy costs for their businesses are those for light and heating/cooling. Most of them

are only renting their production premises and therefore have very little interest to make building

investments in energy efficiency.

Marche: Companies have a good knowledge and application of technologies used for energy savings

typical of the industry investigated. However, most of them did not participate in events related to

this energy topic, claiming poor or absent communication by the event organisers. In reality, their

staff are fully involved in the production process: this makes their participation in energy efficiency

initiatives a perceived disadvantage for their business operations. The introduction of a professional

energy manager would be beneficial in these cases. However, the difficult economic situation is forcing

companies to be very cautious.

Therefore, the difficulties faced by companies on identifying the most appropriate approach to energy

issues could be helped by awareness raising about energy management and planning. For example,

training seminars and information dissemination via specific websites would seem to be the most

effective strategy in these circumstances.

The perception by the companies of the importance of using renewable energy was noted. However,

the substantial use of energy from non-renewable sources (met almost entirely by fossil sources) is

embedded in the current systems of energy management. To better understand the framework of the

district investigated, it is important to note that in some areas even natural gas is not available. In those

areas, it seems very unrealistic to envisage a shift to renewable sources without a major infrastructure

project. However, many companies did express the need for renewable sources to be available locally.

There were also suggestions for proposals to build small plants for the production of energy shared by

a group of companies, thus dividing the cost of investing among more partners. Other barriers were

that SME’s have difficulty in obtaining necessary financial sources, with concerns on the payback period

of those investments.

Celje: There are many differences between companies in this cluster: production companies, real estate

companies, services, education, development and research field; the cluster also includes some large

production companies with significant numbers of employees with lower educational attainment and

a lower proportion of highly educated experts; other companies are in the field of education and

R&D but have relatively few employees with education or expertise. Another contrast is that of high-

energy production (usually old companies, buildings are energy-poor, production of semi-products,

little added value) and low-energy production (new or highly equipped companies, good insulation of

buildings, production with big added value)

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Key issues:

In bigger companies, with high energy consumption, awareness of rational use of energy is much greater

than in small ‘high-tech’ enterprises with low relative energy cost;

• Companies with high-energy use are often very interested in energy efficiency, but usually experience

a deficit of investments; in contrast, there are other companies which have already made energy

investments - they have implemented energy efficiency in all levels and are prepared for next step

investments in renewables;

• Awareness of energy efficiency in small companies will increase with growth in the costs of energy.

• Many companies, especially smaller enterprises and businesses with dispersed production, do not

know the extent of their costs for energy. However, through their participation in the RegCEP project,

these companies have started to think seriously about energy consumption. They are now faced with

problems of collecting the relevant data to lower their energy costs.

In conclusion: awareness of energy efficiency is very high in some companies, but low in others; collecting

and analyzing data of energy consumption is very difficult for companies; the consequences of the global

economic crisis are still evident, with the results that many companies now regard energy efficiency as

less important.

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RegCEP was presented at the Tartu Science Park conference “New Ways to Regional Competitiveness” in Estonia (May 2010), with 200 participants

Five main strategies were highlighted (table 8) - energy en-

hancements to buildings, energy management, renewable

energy, funding and energy for production. Overall, the need for

an integrated cluster approach is evident. Almost all clusters had

more than one strategy, demonstrating the potential for ‘multi-di-

mensional’ objectives, with half the clusters having three or more

strategies.

Table 9: Cluster Plans

Cluster Strategies

Buildings Energy Renewable Funding Energy management energy for

production

Shannon X X X

South Karelia X

Coventry X X X

South Estonia X X

Kaba X X X

Ruse X X X

Marche X X

Celje X X X

4.1 Thematic issues

Energy management was the dominant feature, with all clusters

giving it priority.

In Shannon, many enterprises are not aware of the potential

benefits of energy savings, and they are often pre-occupied

with pressures of business. In South Karelia, most of the

25

Energy issuesin regional

clusters

Improve energy efficiency

Develop energy strategies within

companies

Upgrade equipment

Enhance use of renewable

energyBuild public/

private partnerships

Strengthen communications

in the clusters

Overall several common issues were identified across the clusters.

Figure 1: Policy issues

enterprises are covered by district heating network or natural gas pipelines. Therefore, the cluster plan

involves mainly management aspects of energy and improving energy efficiency in industrial buildings.

The philosophy is to bring energy issues closer to everyday decision-making in industrial enterprises.

In Coventry, the aim is to instigate cooperation between companies on the estate, the Hub (the estate

office), utilities, local government, universities and other interested parties by forming an alliance or

group. In South Estonia, demonstration projects about energy efficiency, training and energy audits are

planned. In Kaba information, communication, education and training about energy were priorities.

In Ruse, the suggestion is that every SME should have access to an energy manager and to energy

management services. If the company is not big enough to hire its own manager, the cluster approach is

a very good alternative – one manager could be appointed for several enterprises. In Marche, priorities

were for energy audits that analyse the company energy flows spread out in short time frames and

contemporarily measures the efficiency of the energy producing systems or of those absorbing the

energy. In Celje, establishing energy management for every company in the cluster is the main priority,

including replacement of old machinery and optimizing production processes

For energy-efficient buildings, Shannon highlighted the need for renewal and upgrade of 1960s industrial

premises, especially for insulation, light and building management. In Coventry, issues were building insulation

and building management including temperature controls and timing, replacement of high energy lighting,

introduction of energy efficient electric motors. In Ruse, there was concern about refurbishment of building:

insulating buildings, in order to prevent heat losses; using suitable heating technologies; installing and/or

modernizing the ventilation system.

Energy for production was a significant issue. In Ruse, energy solutions for production were sought as the

main consumer of electricity in the world is the asynchronous electrical motor. Among the possible solutions

are increasing the power factor, reducing power spikes and using a motor saver equipment. In Marche the

replacement of traditional electric engines with others having a high efficiency, generates lower consumption

on the energy needed to supply power to the engines. When reduction of the total consumptions for non-

heating purposes is relative to supplying the traditional electric engines, there is an substantial saving of

energy use and a reduction of the carbon dioxide emissions.

Funding shortfalls were issues in Ruse, Celje and Kaba, with the need for incentives and financial support for

enterprises investing in energy measures, probably reflecting their situation as “Objective I” regions among

the newer member states.

Promoting greater use of renewable energy were key issues in some clusters, although this was much more

long-term that the more immediate strategies for management, buildings, production and funding. In

Shannon, this could be a renewable fuel-fired scheme such as biomass, including domestic or agricultural

waste. Other possibilities include a gas-fired combined heat power plan (CHP), including tri-generation

where required. In Coventry, a number of regional renewable energy companies, local government and

a university have come together to form the embryonic Renewable Energy Technology Alliance with an

interest in collaborating to install a variety of renewable energy systems. In South Estonia, promotion of

awareness about biomass is required. In Kaba, the aim was to promote local tax benefits/tax refunding for

renewable energy usage, to elaborate a regional system model. In Celje, increasing the use of renewable

energy, particularly solar and biomass is a key concern.

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Overall, the need for an integrated cluster approach is evident. Almost all clusters had more than one strategy,

demonstrating the potential for ‘multi-dimensional’ objectives, with half the clusters having three or more

strategies. This confirms that there is no single solution to the challenge of regional clusters in energy planning,

and a range of coordinated interventions with mutually supporting actions will be necessary.

4.2 Cluster issues

Issues specific to the individual clusters were set out in each of the individual strategies.

Shannon

Three broad strands of action have been identified: energy efficient buildings, community energy and

energy management.

Energyefficientbuildings will be secured through ensuring that all new building types will incorporate

key elements of sustainable design in accordance with the GreenPrint principles: passive solar design;

energy management, conservation and performance; lighting management; space heat management;

solar energy; geothermal energy; water management and conservation; sustainable urban drainage

systems; waste minimisation. Issues such as insulation, light building management, internal layout and

utilities will be crucial.

Communityenergy has been identified in the strategy as a project of priority importance. This could be a

renewable fuel-fired scheme such as biomass, including domestic or agricultural waste. Other possibilities

include a gas-fired combined heat power plan (CHP). It is anticipated that a significant proportion of

future heating and electricity requirements could be provided from a CHP facility fired by locally produced

biomass, including tri-generation where required. Community energy/district heating has been identified

in the master plan as a project of priority importance.

Energymanagement: There are significant challenges around energy management within the companies.

Many enterprises are not aware of the potential benefits of energy savings, and they are often pre-

occupied with pressures of business. Mechanisms for easily implementing energy efficiency within SMEs

need to be prioritised. Impediments to energy efficiency in the clusters include lack of energy strategy,

poor communication, out of date equipment, lack of trust and absence of information. Few firms have

active energy management. Enterprises do not monitor use of energy. Awareness of energy is poor as

most companies do not regard it as a significant cost

SouthKarelia

In the South Karelia maintenance and engineering industry cluster the questionnaire conducted earlier

demonstrated significant possibilities to improve energy management. Most of the energy efficiency

improvements were identified but relatively rarely applied. Because of strong presence of forest-based

industry in the region, the overall use of renewable energy is very high.

The energy infrastructure in the region of South Karelia is strong. Most of the enterprises are serviced by

district heating network or natural gas pipelines. Therefore, the cluster plan involves many management

aspects of energy and improving energy efficiency in industrial buildings. The philosophy is to bring energy

issues closer to everyday decision making in industrial enterprises. It is not necessary for the companies

to know every little detail inside their operations – only to be aware of the possibilities to reduce energy

c l u s t e r p l a n s28

consumption and how to manage energy use in a better way. Besides reducing energy, the goal for the

programme is to give tools to companies for adapting to changes in the future. Energy price is very likely

to rise and changes in energy policies are likely to occur. Being prepared for the future and reducing energy

costs will increase the competitiveness on dynamic markets.

South Karelia have defined a structured process of audit for companies to undergo: heating expenses;

renovation of building; heat recovery; cooling requirements; energy efficient processes and machines; need

for new investments; timing for air conditioning, heating and lighting; motivation to save energy.

Coventry

The outline plan for the Bayton Road cluster is to instigate a cooperation between companies on the estate,

the Hub ( the estate office), utilities, local government, universities and other interested parties by forming

an alliance or group Continuation of energy efficiency and conservation measures, whilst investigating

the potential for renewable energy, is a priority. Being located in a densely populated location access to

renewable energy sources is quite limited for Bayton Road. However, heatpumps, voltaic panels and locally

grown biomass are some of the candidate technologies. Lack of technician skills and an immature local

renewable supply chain are some of the perceived problems.

The development of the cluster alliance/group will be dependent on the supply chain from manufacturer to

consumer/customer and including agencies such as utilities, local government and training colleges. This will

aim to develop a strong network, with companies working cooperatively and facilitate bids for funding, where

major projects are concerned. Such advantages would otherwise be inaccessible to single small companies. The

strength of the group will also provide confidence and continuity with issues such as maintenance, validation

and certification. Developments and improvements to the technology will be expected to emerge from this

cluster group, with some of the Bayton Road companies contributing to this technology, and possibly to the

installation and maintenance. The group will be able to access technical expertise and experience and will be

large enough to develop training courses for technicians. In this way, the business opportunity to develop a

low carbon economy will be significantly increased.

SouthEstonia

The action plan aims to develop a vision for how to meet the existing and emerging energy challenges for the

cluster as a whole and for its individual companies.

• Develop new alternative energy production options based mostly on biomass: almost no biomass is

produced in the fields in the form of energy crops. The necessary land resources are currently available,

but the production of field crops presupposes a reliable market to cover the required investments.

• Establish demonstration projects at some of the companies: it is important for the forest and wood cluster

in South-Estonia to set up some demonstration projects in the area of renewable energy and energy

efficiency

• Organise training and study visits both about renewable energy and energy efficiency measures: there is a

good possibility to engage companies into relevant energy issues through specifically tailored seminars and/

or training for know-how transfer and learning about specific renewable energies and energy efficiency.

c l u s t e r p l a n s c l u s t e r p l a n s29

• Undertake detailed energy audits for individual cluster companies: this could include analysis of building

and utility data, including study of the installed equipment and analysis of energy bills; survey of the

real operating conditions; understanding of the building behaviour and of the interactions with weather,

occupancy and operating schedules.

Kaba

Several opportunities were identified in the Kaba projects: energy security, lower energy cost, low carbon

economy, renewable energy technology with R&D, indigenous energy industry, creation of new workplaces,

skill development, connect consumer to producer and cost efficiency

The priorities for Kaba are to increase information structure and supply for both renewable energy and

energy efficiency through the mechanisms of adult education, staff training and advisory networks. More

favourable financing possibilities for long-period investments also need to be developed. With those priorities,

the energy action plan for the Kaba Cluster focuses on the following steps:

Establishing information structure; cluster communication campaign about renewable energy possibilities

in the region, important EU guidelines, directives, national and local policies, financing possibilities, saving

possibilities, adult education, staff training

Contact with regional educational institutions in general to raise environment consciousness to give

professional knowledge on the importance of using RES; training programmes led by professionals; financing

possibilities

Contact with financial institutes of local interest on cluster level, elaborating favourable bank loans for

enterprises for financing long-term investments; tax benefits

Contactwiththelocalgovernment of Kaba for tax reduction on cluster level; elaborate a ratio based tax

reduction system according to the rate of renewable energy usage; regional system model for harmonized

utilisation of renewable energy.

Creatingageo-informationdatabase; using statistical and remote sensed data

Ruse

Efforts will be concentrated in three fields: intelligent building architecture; energy solutions for production;

sustainable energy management.

• Intelligentbuildingarchitecture

The proposed refurbishment measures will include a complete package consisting of: insulating buildings,

in order to prevent heat losses; using suitable heating technologies; modernizing the ventilation system;

using heat recovery to further lower the energy needed.

• Energysolutionsforproduction

There are many possibilities to lower the expenses for electricity:reducing power spikes; using a motor

saver equipment, in order to reduce the energy waste in the motor and to improve the power factor,

this extending the motor’s life. In addition, the system for producing compressed air is also a substantial

consumer of electrical power, particularly when operated with poor or wrong settings. Appropriate actions

could result in a significant savings in costs for electricity.

• Energymanagement

Every SME should have access to energy management services. If the company is not big enough to hire

its own manager, the cluster approach is a very good alternative – one manager could be appointed for

several enterprises. Furthermore, this type of service is connected with a new and innovative approach to

energy supply: the manager or coordinator is not a single person, but a company which is delivering and

monitoring the energy consumption in an efficient way.

Marche

The energy policy follows the peculiar characteristics of the territory and of its working environment,

identifying the most appropriate actions for the local market and for the local knowledge and technology,

specifically energy efficiency, co-generation and electric engines.

Energyefficiency is one of the first actions that have to be carried out inside a group of companies. As a

result, in the initial phase of the strategy, an energy audit will be undertaken that analyses the company

energy flows spread out in short time frames and simultaneously measures the efficiency of the energy

producing systems or of those absorbing the energy.

The possible benefits deriving from cogeneration have been identified in two companies which appear to

have the potential to exploit the benefits of a cogeneration plant. In the event of these being supplied

by methane gas, there would be, for the two companies involved, an efficient consumption of gas and a

reduction in the use of electric energy from the electric grid.

The replacement of traditional electric engines with others having a high efficiency, generates potential

saving in the consumptions on the energy needed to supply power to the engines. Photovoltaic (PV) has

potential here. In case there is a flat roof upon which to install a PV plant, there is an overall potential to

generate electricity from the PV plants. This could represent a considerable benefit to the energy outcomes

in the cluster.

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Celje

The main goals for this cluster were set in three aspects: energy management; reducing energy costs in

combination with renewable energy; providing financial resources for energy efficiency

• Energymanagement

Establishing energy management for every company in the cluster is the main purpose of the Cluster

Action Plan. Results of the past analysis show that most of the companies in the cluster need support or

recommendation on the same issues as: replacement of obsolete machinery; suggestions for optimizing

production processes; suggestions for restoring existing infrastructure; suggestions to organize training

(educational workshops for chief engineers, foremen, workers about energy efficiency and renewable

sources of energy).

• Reducingenergycostsincombinationwithrenewableenergy

This can be achieved in several ways: improvements on existing production technology; upgrade

buildings; increase awareness of employees about energy. Companies can choose to invest in production

of energy from renewable sources, such as using “green energy” for their own production or send it to

the grid. In future years renewable energy power plants could be a substantial advantage to individual

companies as well for the whole region.

• Providingfinancialresourcesforenergyefficiency

To make improvements and changes for energy efficiency, and for exploiting the renewable energy

sources, it is vital to have secure financial resources. The main challenge is how to provide these

resources in this time of global crises.

32

All the projects effectively exploit the “cluster” approach,

grouping selected companies for more intelligent use of

energy – district energy systems, managing energy consumption,

shared energy on a common electrical grid, training and study visits,

increase information about energy, intelligent buildings, combined

heat power, shared solar power through photo-voltaic panels.

The details of the specific projects in each cluster are summarised

below:

• Shannon: biomass CHP plant

• South Karelia: Heat recovery added to 25 enterprises. Some fuel

from renewable sources

• Coventry: Three grid system added to industrial estate with 250

enterprises. Solar PV and biomass introduced

• Kaba: Energy efficiency and training for 3 companies and 1

municipality

• Ruse: PV system on roof surfaces – 8670 m2, 2901 polycrystalline

modules; Actions on insulation of outdated industrial building

structures

• Marche: One CHP for thermal and energy production and

photovoltaic purchasing group for the cluster of pilot project

• Celje: Tehnopolis was designed for low energy usage with

integrated renewable energy.

• South Estonia has planned the provision of training in energy

management and renewable energy for SMEs and thus the

specific indicators below were not appropriate in their specific

context

33

Participant Finnish Company.

The pilot projects proposed by the partnership have been developed to reflect the outcomes from

this programme as well as the variations between the partner clusters and the common features

shared by them. This RegCEP programme specifically focussed on the value of clusters of companies

collectively approaching energy management, both in terms of energy efficiency and conservation

and in the development of renewable energy installations. This programme has demonstrated a

number of significant advantages in the cluster approach. Regarding the pilot projects; the partners

here represent two types of clusters, and the pilot projects therefore fall into two groups: industrial

estate clusters and sector clusters.

Industrialestateclusters:exemplifiedby

Shannon,MarcheandCoventry.

Whilst the Marche pilot consists of a group of companies

and Shannon and Coventry are large industrial estates, all

present excellent opportunities to demonstrate the cluster

model as a powerful tool in reducing carbon dioxide

emissions. On industrial estates we propose a sharing

of energy throughout the estate via a set of local grids,

for electricity, heat, gas, and cooling. This facilitates the

exporting of surplus energy from company to company.

The distributed nature of the demand on these grids will

maximise the use of any energy source, although a single

storage medium might also be contemplated. Collectively

the estate could afford to install renewable energy, CHP

and heat pumps. Together with strong energy efficiency

measures, we envisage substantial savings in energy

consumption from fossil fuels and consequent carbon

p i l o t p r o j e c t s34

Bayton Road, Coventry

Table 10: Potential impact of pilot projects in the clusters

Cluster Cost Newcapacity Energysaved Energy CO2reduced

(m€) (MW) (GWhperyear) producedby peryear

renewables (tonnes)

(GWhperyear)

Shannon 120.0 50 10 425 200,000

South Karelia 0.4 0 2 3 400

Coventry 123.0 61.5 157 123 101300

Kaba 1.5 4.1 16 18 3700

Ruse 1.9 0.9 3 1 700

Marche 4.6 4.4 20 20 13900

Celje 0.5 0.2 0.2 100

Total 251.9 121.1 208 590.2 320100

p i l o t p r o j e c t s

The expectation

is that

interventions in

combined heat

power, renewable

energy and

energy efficiency

could produce

significant

savings

“

“dioxide emissions. There are many similar industrial estates across the European Union in which the pilot

projects could be replicated.

Sectorclusters:exemplifiedbySouthKarelia,SouthEstonia,Kaba,RuseandCelje.

These clusters consist of a network of companies in an industrial sector (such as metal working) which are

generally not in close physically proximity to each other. In this case the cluster model is one of identifying,

developing or installing good practice in pilot companies which can be disseminated and replicated

throughout that sector. Companies in a single sector may feel that they are in competition with each other,

but this programme has identified examples of new cooperative/competitive working which emphasises

the benefit of addressing some issues (such as energy) collectively, whilst retaining a competitive discipline

in their business operations. The pilots proposed here are smaller than for the three industrial estates,

since they aim to establish good practice in a few selected companies. This will demonstrate the advantage

of the energy measures that could be subsequently adopted more widely in other companies. . There are

many companies in a large number of sectors throughout the EU where this model could be applied. Again

strong energy efficiency measures, together with the initiatives proposed by the partners here, will result

in significant carbon dioxide saving

Shannon

Proposals for district energy systems are being prepared for industrial parks at Shannon, as well as

neighbouring parks at Raheen and Plassey. with actions in energy efficiency, renewable energy, buildings

renewal and combined heat power. Total energy demand in the three industrial parks is estimated at 399m

kWh per annum, with an annual energy expenditure of €35m. This represents a substantial market. The

expectation is that interventions in combined heat power, renewable energy and energy efficiency could

produce significant savings through the vehicle of “district energy systems”.

p i l o t p r o j e c t s 35

p i l o t p r o j e c t s

Action measures could include the following:

• Energy efficiency: measures to improve energy management within companies, through lighting,

ventilation, heating, training, energy management, use of machinery and equipment.

• Buildings: improved management and renewal of industrial buildings, upgrading the level of energy

efficiency through regeneration and enhancement.

• Renewable energy: strengthening the capacity of the industrial parks to exploit and use renewable

energy, through the established sectors of wind, biomass and solar, as well as the emerging sectors of

geothermal, wave and tidal energies.

• Combined Heat Power (CHP): This could include co-generation to capture the potential heat and

power from established power facilities.

South Karelia

A pilot company was chosen to test the energy program, with interventions in energy efficiency, training,

heat insulation and energy efficient ventilation.

The process started with investigation of energy consumption of the building. It was noticed that the hall

consumes lots of energy and there was a doubt that this could be one target for energy efficiency. There

seemed to be heat losses from walls, open doors and ventilation. In the other stage there was comparison

between insulation and heat recovery from outgoing air. In the third stage calculation was done to guide

decision making. Thermal resistance of the walls, roof, doors and windows were calculated. The base

floor was left out of calculation. Because of the heavy machines the actual implementation of base floor

insulation would not be convenient. The walls can be insulated from both sides. If it is insulated from the

outside, there might be a challenge with moisture from inside. If the insulation is inside the machines inside

the hall would have to be rearranged.

The pilot project was successful in identifying the basis for energy improvements in the company

Coventry

The Coventry pilot project is based on the Bayton Road Industrial Estate (BRIE). BRIE is a very large and

varied industrial estate, with companies operating in many industrial sectors. Also the range of energy

consumption patterns, working practices, working times is very large. This affords the opportunity for the

companies to share energy on a common electrical grid, and thereby reduce the total incoming electrical

energy to the estate. The shared energy could be sourced from renewables on the estate, such as solar and

wind, but also from importing locally grown biomass and using it to fuel a CHP (combined heat and power

plant). In addition to the thermal output, ground source heat pumps, may contribute to the thermal energy

requirements of the estate. The variation in working hours and energy consumption patterns across the

estate will help to smooth out demand and hence make optimal use of the renewable resources. Some of

the companies on the estate have surplus thermal energy, for example from tile making, and so there is

an opportunity for that energy to be exported to neighbours. A thermal energy grid around the estate is

therefore included in this proposal. The incoming national grid for gas does not currently extend to all of

the companies. In this pilot, a third common grid is therefore proposed, which would carry biogas to all

companies

36

p i l o t p r o j e c t s

South Estonia

The project will provide relevant training and organise study visits in order to double the usage of RES

by introducing new biomass based energy sources and increase energy efficiency in the production

processes of cluster companies.

In terms of energy situation forest and wood cluster is still highly dependent on fossil fuels. Approximately

90% of the energy consumed is produced through the combustion of fossil fuels. The remaining 10%

comes from renewables, such as biomass, hydropower and wind. The largest RES potential is to be found

in the biomass sector. Unfortunately no specific cluster based initiatives for promotion pf RES exist yet

until today. The awareness of cluster companies about the usage of RES is relatively low, although the

situation has been improving over the couple of last years. However as the cost of energy is increasing

the companies are more actively starting to look into alternative energy sources in combination with

energy efficiency measures.

Kaba

The main aim for the Green-Industry Cluster of Kaba pilot project plan is to study possibilities for

renewable energy and energy efficiency in small and medium size enterprises operation in the territory

of the former sugar factory of Kaba. The pilot project plan takes the local characteristics of geography,

agricultural, industrial and energy production of the North Great Plain Region into consideration. Local

companies were interviewed about energy usage and attitudes of energy efficiency. By using the data of

our preliminary data collection for the region of the cluster we elaborated a SWOT analyses previously

for the pilot project of the Green-Industry Cluster of Kaba. The conclusions of the SWOT analyses were

that for utilizing strengths, minimizing weaknesses, live with opportunities and avoid threats it is

necessary to set up priorities. By establishing priorities we elaborated a local action plan that can take

local circumstances, therefore the SWOT results made exactly for the Kaba Cluster, into consideration.

Among the priorities we emphasized the need for increased information supply according to RES and

energy efficiency including adult education and staff training. We also indicated the significance of more

favourable financing possibilities for long-period investments and the possibilities of local tax benefits

where the amount of the benefit should correlate with the rate of RES usage. We also stated that for

utilizing adequately the existing capacity of RES to elaborate a regional system model is necessary.

Ruse

The proposed pilot actions are grouped into the following fields:

• Intelligent building architecture: properly designed and successfully implemented measures from

refurbishing existing buildings can displace between 20-50% of heating fuel consumption.

• Energysolutionsforproduction:the main type of energy consumed in the production processes of

the textile and agricultural engineering clusters is electricity. There are a lot of measures that could

be implemented to lower the electricity used by production and office equipment.

• Sustainableenergymanagement: Our opinion is that every SME should have access to an energy

manager and to energy management services. If the company could not afford to hire its own

manager, the cluster approach is a very good alternative – one manager could be appointed for

several enterprises

p i l o t p r o j e c t s 37

• Pilot project for shared use of RES, such as combined central heating systems

Marche

The pilot project includes interventions on individual companies focused on combined heat power and

shared use of photovoltaic.

The objectives of the pilot project of some companies of the Marche cluster is the reduction of greenhouse gas

emissions by reducing energy consumption from fossil fuels. To reach this objective a series of interventions

and, consequently, investments increase local renewable energy production (photovoltaic or cogeneration

through the use of biofuels) and / or energy efficiency of industry devices (motors, generators, systems

heating, etc. ...). Although investments in these areas have high rates of return, for the economic difficulties

of a large number of companies, noted in recent years, many companies cannot invest in renewable energy

and energy efficiency. To increase the chances of an investment in these sectors is essential to consider a

project involving a group of neighbor companies. This option allows for example to invest a single plant

project that produces thermal or power energy to more than one company. Considering the larger size of

the system that service more companies instead of the one that services one company, the equipment cost

per power unit is reduced and the efficiency is greater.

Celje

The pilot project aimed at development of PV solar panels on the roofs of the industrial cluster. All available

roof surfaces in the tool-making cluster are approximately 136.800 m2. If we take in consideration the same

assumption as we did for region, there comes out result: electricity production potential of 51,3 GWh. This

potential is more than four times bigger from current solar electricity production.

There is also possibility to link several roofs of the buildings in the technology park. Main energy consumption

is electricity consumption for cooling devices. By installing PV panels on the roof and on the south facade

we can reduce irradiation impact and lower the temperature. PV panels will be assembled on the steel

construction that crossing the building construction from front side (south) over the roof and ends on back

side (north). Assembly of PV panel can be on the top of steel construction and also on front side steel

construction at the top.

38

6.1 Cluster Planning

For the international ‘tool-kit’,mainapproacheshighlighted

bythepartnerswereontheprocessofenergystrategiesin

clustersandcooperationbetweencompanies.

Planning processes at cluster level was emphasized. For the moment

there are no common energy management systems or methods used

on cluster level nor is there any regular and systematic monitoring of

the energy consumption and efficiency in place. However based on

the feedback from the companies some sort of cluster based energy

management system could create possible benefits for all the cluster

companies or at least for those able and willing to cooperate for

increasing energy efficiency and share of reusable energy sources. This

would of course need to be linked to some sort of monitoring system

both on company and cluster level. The proposed simplified calculation

tool could be used for inputs from individual cluster companies and then

complemented with additional data and further analysis on cluster level.

This issue is illustrated in figure 2 overleaf.

39

Part of Celje cluster.

t h e t r a n s - n a t i o n a l ‘ t o o l k i t ’

ClusterEnergyManagement

Collectionofenergydata

Analysingdata

DividingcompaniesintoGroups

RenewableenergyProduction

Energyconsumption Companyactivity

Options:renewablesandefficiency

CostandCO2emissionsevaluation

Actionplan

Regionalenergypolicy

Pilotprojects/showcase

Figure 2: The process of cluster planning for energy

6.2 Energy planning within companies

The flow chart (Figure 3) following indicates a logical route through energy management to the use of

clusters to improve energy efficiency, energy conservation and the application of renewables. The shaded

boxes represent content that is already covered by other intelligent energy projects and may be found on

the intelligent energy website. The lighter boxes refer to the work of this project and start with the initial

assessment, which can be done using the calculation tool to ascertain specific energy consumption and CO2

emissions as a function of area or turnover or using other benchmarks. The company is then able to look at

measures to improve energy efficiency and conservation. This should always be the first phase of operation

in order to reduce the specific energy consumption. It is a good idea to check specific energy consumption

against similar companies in the same sector, as this will indicate whether the company is performing rela-

tively well - or has the opportunity to make deeper savings.

6.3 Cooperation between companies

Cooperation between companies needs to be promoted. For cooperation to be effective, certain conditions

must be fulfilled. Firstly, individual enterprises must know that they can do something about energy issues,

and are willing to do so. Second, a group of enterprises must have an applicable common goal which suits

40

t h e t r a n s - n a t i o n a l ‘ t o o l k i t ’

the majority of individual enterprises. Third, the official cluster organization and its responsibilities in en-

ergy issues needs to be defined. Without this, the cluster approach does not make sense and it is almost as

dealing with a group of individual enterprises.

The possibilities for “coopetition” instead of plain competition need to be evaluated, as enterprises usually

do not compete in the field of energy purchases and use. “Coopetition” means cooperation + competition.

In some cases, waste heat from some sources could be utilized in the processes of some other enterprise.

Common tasks in “coopetition” can be left to the cluster organization, as well as some of the energy man-

agement system. The cluster should seize the opportunity to collaborate. Evidence gathered in this program

clearly points to the benefits of such collaboration, especially in a hierarchy of three “levels”: energy ef-

ficiency, renewable energy and ownership of energy

The cluster may cooperate to purchase energy or implement energy efficiency and conservation measures.

The cluster can share information, which will facilitate improved energy performance, and even where

the members of clusters are competing, this will make them collectively more competitive, with respect

to external companies. Where members are in close proximity they are less likely to be directly compet-

ing and have the opportunity to share energy, perhaps surplus energy from one company can be sold to a

neighbour.

The next level of opportunity for clusters is to consider renewable energy, and again by collaborating the

cluster can develop the finance, technology, infrastructure, commercialization to exploit PV, wind, biomass,

hydro, wave, tidal energy and other sources.

RegCep’scalculationtoolelectricitysource/quantity/costThermalenergysource/quantity/costfloorarea/production

OpportunitiesforE,E&C

Electrical - Doyouknowwhere/whatelectricityisused? Thermal Doyouknowwhere/whatthermalenergyisused?

No – Fit submeters No – Fit submeters

Investigateimprovementoptions(forexample)

·Lighting

·Motors

·compressors

Investigateimprovementoptions(forexample)

·Insulation

·CHP

·Heat

Opportunitiestocollaborate;Cooperativepurchasing,Shareinformation,Heatrecovery,training

Opportunitiesforrenewableenergy:PV,wind,biomass,hydro,wave,tidal

Opportunitiestocollaborate:ownership,demonstrator,finance,windfarmelectricalandthermalgridstrainingconsultancy

kWh/m2/aCO2/m2/acomparewithsector

Figure 3: Decision-making within companies: use of energy and cooperation

41

t h e t r a n s - n a t i o n a l ‘ t o o l k i t ’42

The final level of opportunity to collaborate could be in mutual ownership of energy schemes, funding

and operating demonstrator schemes, accessing finance by virtue of the strength of an alliance and by

looking at the collective purchase of an energy farm, such as a windfarm, located at a distance, or perhaps

locally based on biomass. Collaboration may also extend to the development of local electrical and ther-

mal energy grids, which would facilitate the exchange of energy, either to help with the distribution of

load, or to make appropriate energy and accessible to member companies.

Other practical areas for cooperation between companies within clusters have also been

identified:

Clusterlevelenergymanagement:the majority of SMEs do not have staff for maintaining and developing

energy issues. In most cases they do not have a person in charge who could calculate the energy consump-

tion at company level. At cluster level a common advisory staff could collect data, make audits, and advise

the company leaders in energy issues.

Energysuppliercompanies(ESCOs): these companies could supply energy for SMEs with a supplier con-

tract, so SMEs do not need to invest in energy infrastructures, boilers, PVs etc, and investment cost would

be secured by the contractor or energy supplier. This could easily help the penetration of RES and energy

efficiency in SME sector. Additional benefits at cluster level would be that the price of certain energy units

can be even lower than in the case of individual purchase.

Trainingandeducation: As most training is expensive, a centrally (cluster level) organized training for

SMEs would be more cost effective. Energy awareness training should be given to all SME workers in-

volved in the cluster, while special staff training is necessary for those employees whose job is attached to

energy issues. Thematic and topical seminars are the best techniques. Study visits are a further approach.

Shannon Industrial Zone

c o n t a c t p e r s o n s

CONTACT PERSONS

Agency Contact Email person(s)

Shannon Development (lead) Brian Callanan callananb@gmail.com Angela Mulcahy mulcahya@shannondevelopment.ie

Limerick Clare Energy Agency Pat Stephens info@lcea.ie

Coventry University Les Duckers l.duckers@coventry.ac.uk

Lappeenranta University of Technology Lassi Linnanen Lassi.linnanen@lut.fi Juha Kortelainen juha.kortelainen@lut.fi

Asteria Fabio Cocci f.cocci@asteria.ap.it Mauro Di Marco m.dimarco@asteria.ap.it

AGENA Danilo Di Pietro dipietro@agenateramo.it Mario Filippini direttore@agenateramo.it

Baltic Innovation Agency Rene Tonnisson rene@bia.ee

Celje Regional Development Agency Aleksandra Suster aleksandra.suster@rra-celje.si Mocnik

Kssena Bostjan Krajnc bostjan.krajnc@kssena.velenje.eu Gregor Tepež gregor.tepez@kssena.velenje.eu

Eastern Hungarian European Zsuzsanna Antal zsuzsannaantal@gmail.comInitiatives Foundation Jozsef Antal jozsefantal@gmail.com

European Association of Tessa Anné tessa.anne@eurada.orgDevelopment Agencies

Ruse Business Support Centre for SMEs Emil Stanev es@bsc.ruse.bg

Ruse Regional Energy Agency Nikola Aleksiev director@rea-ruse.com Kibritev

43

44

Annex participant companies

South Karelia (Finland)

Imatex Oy Reinrocement plastics

Tehohydro Oy Hydraulics

PrePipe Oy Industrial pipings

Larox Filters

Terästorni Oy Process and storage towers

VVS-Sähkö Oy Electricity and automation

Peuhkuri Oy Painting and repairs

Saimaan Eristys Industrial insulation

Facor Oy Machine building

E.Voutilainen Oy Building painting and surfacing

Karjalan Konepaja Oy Machine building

Rämö Oy Machine building

Astex Oy Machine building

Jousteel Oy Machine building

JTT-Konepaja Oy Machine building

Lauritsalan Koneistus ja Levy Oy Sub contract manufacturing

TM-Asennus Oy Machine building

Rei-Ke Oy Machine building

Plotme Oy Machine building

Jotex Engineering Oy Machine building

Imatran Teräsvalmiste Oy Machine building

Metehe Oy Metal plates

a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

45

Coventry (UK)

Acton Finishing

Amasec (Airfil)

Arrowsmith Engineering

Bailey&Wade

Braythorn

Budget Signs& Graphics

C&J Casting

CC Electronics Europe

CCExhibitions

CEMEX

Chasewood Residential home

Contin you

Engine Power

Excel Machine tools

Exel (wheels)

Foleshill Plating

Gilbert Curry Ind Plastics

HiTech Aerospace

HPL

Lightique

MCS Control Systems

Midas Metal Finsihing

Mornier

Precision ltd

RSM

SSL

TFX

Trim Technology

UEES

a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

Ruse (Bulgaria)

Apex Pool Ltd Furniture

Laguna Stil Ltd Furniture

Sikoterm Industries Jsc Furniture

Dinamika JSC Metal processing

Parvi Mai JSC Agricutural machinery

Saxo Ltd Apparel

Toni - Stefan Rusanov Ltd Apparel

Kaba (Hungary)

Kaba Ina 2002 Ltd Furniture

A.DEFEND Ltd. service industry

AMBRO-MED 2001 Ltd. service industry

ARRAVIS Ltd. commerce

BEST-FARM Ltd. agriculture

BIHARI VALLALKOZAS Ltd. building industry

BONFREEZE cPlc. food industry

CANDYFOUR Ltd. food industry

CONSULO Ltd. service industry

D&B Builder Ltd. building industry

DKTV Ltd. service industry

EASTERN-SUGAR cPlc. service industry

EURO-CAR Debrecen Ltd. commerce

GYONGY Ltd. commerce

HALDORADO 6 Agricultural Association service industry

HBZ Ltd. commerce

H. CHAMPION Lp. building industry

HUN-TOOLS Ltd. commerce

INM PARTNER Ltd. iron industry

ISO FRUIT Ltd. commerce

I-SZER Lp. commerce

KABA BURGONYA Association agriculture

KABAI TAP cPlc. agriculture

Kaba City Mayor’s Office public administration

KING Lp. food industry

KUJBUSVILL Ltd. commerce

MAKADAM-95/2 Ltd. building industry

MATRIX AUDIT Ltd. service industry

MED MOBIL 22 Ltd. service industry

MEGAVILL 91 Ltd. service industry

46a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

MEMTEK-2000 Ltd. building industry

OBM Hungary Lp. service industry

PAMONA Ltd. commerce

PARATUS-2009 Lp. service industry

P-EDI 2000 Ltd. commerce

PETRUS Ltd. machine industry

PROKAT Ltd. service industry

REALINVEST 91 Ltd. service industry

REGARD 95 Ltd. commerce

REGIO TERV Ltd. service industry

SALLAI-TRIASZ Ltd. commerce

SAPET Ltd. building industry

Gusztav Sari Elementary and Basic Art School education

SZIKSZO-VIZ Ltd. service industry

SZITI-L Ltd. service industry

SZI-VILL ‘96 Lp. service industry

TAMASZ Social Service Centre service industry

TRIPAN Ltd. food industry

UJVAROSI JUH Association commerce

Varosgazdalkodas Kaba Non-profit Ltd. service industry

WONDERFON Ltd. service industry

South Estonia

AS Rakvere Metsamajand Log houses, wood Const.

AS Ritsu Log houses, wood Const.

AS RPM GRUPP Log houses, wood Const.

Saulerman OÜ Log houses, wood Const.

47a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

Shannon (Ireland)

Molex Connector

Hamilton Sundstrand Aerospace

Lufthansa Turbine Aerospace Maintenance

Ei Electronics Electronics

Element 6 Processing Industrial Abrasives

DAA plc (Shannon) Airport Management

Avocent International Ltd Electronics

GE Money Finance

Phardiag Pharmaceuticals

Melcut Cutting Tools Manufacturing

Fabricated Products Sub contract manufacturing

Mentor Graphics Ltd. Software development

Modular Automation Machine manufacturers

Eirtech Aviation Aviation

Elsevier Publishing

Aidan McNabola Pharmaceuticals

Celje (Slovenia)

GRATUS d.o.o. Construction

RC PLANIRANJE d.o.o. Urban acitvity

STS d.d. Solar systems

VALJI d.o.o. Iron industry

RITS d.o.o. Real estate, technology

TEHNOPOLIS d.o.o. Construction, real estate

UNIOR d.d. Tools

CMC CELJE d.d. Construction

EMO ORODJARNA d.o.o. Tools

GORENJE ORODJARNA d.o.o. Tools

48a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

Marche (Italy)

G.N. Elettronica sas industrial electronics

Piergiacomi sud Mechanical

CISA Mechanical

FOIN Impianti industriali srl Mechanical

E.L.S.A. srl Mechanical

Nuova Cagifer Mechanical

Soltec srl Mechanical

OIL power srl Mechanical

EST Automazione srl Mechanical

SEI Mechanical

Eurofuni srl Mechanical

Gemelettronica srl Mechanical

Unionalpha spa Assembly wiring

Sagi spa Mechanical

Meccanica H7 srl Mechanical

Meta meccanica srl Mechanical

Nexans italia spa Mechanical

es elettronica srl Electromechanical

T.M.A. 2 srl Mechanical

Biotronic srl Mechanical

atericami Manufacturing

Apem srl Mechanical

STI srl Mechanical

Amadio meccania snc Mechanical

funis coop Mechanical

Meccanica D.B. 06 srl Mechanical

mecanotecnica picena srl Mechanical

Videx electronis spa Mechanical

Furlanetto international srl Mechanical

Elsamec srl Mechanical

Lince energy srl Electrical engineering

MAC srl Electrical engineering

Piselli emidio Mechanical

Selettra srl Mechanical

Metalcavi srl Mechanical

L.M. di Lanciotti Marino Electrical engineering

Scandolara spa Packaging

Movinox srl Mechanical

Santabarbara Mechanical

ITE srl Mechanical

49a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s

Joint stampi Mechanical

Laf Infissi snc Mechanical

Gaposa srl Mechanical

Thermodurant Mechanical

Vaportecnic sns Mechanical

Mori srl Mechanica

50a n n e x p a r t i c i p a n t c o m p a n i e s