regents u.s. history review mrs. sinacore part 1...

Regents U.S. History Review Mrs. Sinacore

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Part 1: Geography and Early History 1. Explain the advantages of the following geographic

features of the United States: a. Mississippi River

b. Atlantic and Pacific Oceans

c. Great Plains

d. Abundant Natural Resources

2. “Geography was destiny” for American colonists. Describe the geographic features of, and the economies that developed in the following colonial regions:

a. New England Colonies

b. Middle Colonies

c. Southern Colonies

3. What role did geography play in the growth of slavery and the plantation system in the American South?

Part 2: Foundations of U.S. Government 1. Important Individuals – Why are the following people important to our study of the foundations of U.S.

Government? a. John Adams

b. Samuel Adams

c. Benjamin Franklin

d. Alexander Hamilton

e. Patrick Henry

f. Thomas Jefferson


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g. John Locke

h. James Madison

i. John Marshall j. James Monroe

k. Baron de Montesquieu

l. Jean-Jacques Rousseau

m. Voltaire

n. George Washington

2. What is the Enlightenment?

3. What ideas did each of the following have in the development of democracy in the colonies? a. Mayflower Compact b. Virginia House of Burgesses

c. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

4. What was the Proclamation Line of 1763?

5. How did the Proclamation Line help to push the colonies toward war with Great Britain?

6. Explain how each of the following led to the American Revolution: a. End of Salutary Neglect

b. Mercantilism

c. Stamp Act

d. Intolerable Acts

e. “No Taxation without Representation!”


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7. What was Thomas Paine’s thesis in his pamphlet Common Sense?

8. What impact did his pamphlet have on the American Revolution?

9. What was Thomas Jefferson’s “thesis” in The Declaration of Independence?

10. What was the purpose of this document?

11. Why do some historians call the time period 1781-1789 “The Critical Period”?

12. What were the major weaknesses of the U.S. Government under the Articles of Confederation?


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Part 3: Writing and Ratifying the U.S. Constitution

1. What was the goal of the delegates who met at the Constitutional Convention in May 1787?

2. Why is the U.S. Constitution called a “bundle of compromises”?

3. Complete the chart below: Issue Compromise

The Great Compromise

New Jersey Plan: Virginia Plan:

The Three-Fifths Compromise

Southern View: Northern View:

The Trade Compromise

Southern View: Northern View:


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4. How were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation corrected by the U.S. Constitution? Fill in the

chart below.

Articles of Confederation U.S. Constitution

___________________ have the most power. The

___________________ government has little

Congress is _____________________________ (a one-

house legislature)

No ________________________ officer to carry out

the laws of ________________________

No national courts. Only ___________________

courts exist

Congress is responsible to the states

_______________ out of the 13 states have to

approve a ___________________ before it can go

into effect

Congress has no power to collect ___________

Congress cannot regulate _____________________

among the states

Each state coins its own ________________

______________________ have some power, but

most power is given to the ___________________

government

A ________________________ heads the executive

branch of the government

Congress is _______________________________ (two-

house legislature)

Both _______________________ and ______________

courts exist

Congress is responsible to the people

Laws may be passed by a ________________ vote

in both houses of Congress

Congress is given the power to collect

_______________________

Congress is given the power to regulate

________________ and _____________________ trade

Only the __________________________ government

has the power to coin money

5. Define the following terms: a. Separation of Powers

b. Federalism

c. Reserved Powers

d. Delegated Powers

e. Concurrent Powers

f. Ratification


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g. Federalist Papers

h. Preamble

i. Federalists

j. Anti-Federalists

6. Who were some leaders among the Federalists?

7. What was their opinion of the new U.S. Constitution?

8. Who were some leaders among the Ant-federalists?

9. What was their opinion of the new U.S. Constitution?

10. How did they resolve their differences?


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Part 4: The U.S. Constitution 1. Into what three branches is the National Government divided?

a. _____________________________: It’s job is to_________________________________________________________

b. _____________________________: It’s job is to_________________________________________________________

c. _____________________________: It’s job is to_________________________________________________________

2. Define: They System of Checks and Balances

3. Explain how the following allow for FLEXIBILITY in the U.S. Constitution:

a. Elastic Clause (also known as “implied powers”)

b. Amendment Process

c. Judicial Review

4. What is Federalism?

5. Label the diagram:


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6. Complete the Venn Diagram: (list 7 powers of the federal government, 5 powers of the state governments,

and three that are shared)

_____________________ ______________________ ________________________

7. Complete the chart below. List the main idea of each of the amendments that make up the Bill of Rights.

First Amendment

Second Amendment

Third Amendment

Fourth Amendment

Fifth Amendment

Sixth Amendment

Seventh Amendment

Eighth Amendment

Ninth Amendment

Tenth Amendment


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8. Describe how the amendment process works.

9. Why is the process long and complicated?

10. What has been the result of having a long and complicated amendment process?

11. What is the census?

12. Why has it been conducted every ten years since 1790?

13. What is the Electoral College?

14. How is the number of Electoral Votes each state has determined?

15. What is the main criticism of the Electoral College System?

16. What recent presidential election illustrated this issue?

17. What is the “unwritten constitution”?

18. Give three examples of the “unwritten constitution.”


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19. What is judicial review?

20. What Supreme Court cases established this role of the Supreme Court?

21. What issue split our early leaders so much that they divided themselves into the first American political

parties?

22. Complete the chart below:

Federalists Democratic Republicans Leaders:

Should the states or national government have more power?

Should the Constitution be loosely or strictly interpreted?

23. Describe the Bill-Law process.

24. Complete the chart:


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Case Issues/Questions Outcome Marbury v. Madison, 1803

McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819

Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824

Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896

Schenck v. US, 1918

Korematsu v. US, 1944

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 1954

Mapp v. Ohio, 1961


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Engle v. Vitale, 1962

Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963

Miranda v. Arizona, 1966

Roe v. Wade, 1973

New Jersey v. T.L.O., 1985


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Part 5: The Early Republic 1. What does the term “precedent” mean?

2. List 2 precedents that George Washington established: a.

b.

3. The 22nd Amendment made one of George Washington’s precedents part of the “written” Constitution. Explain what the amendment changed in the U.S. Constitution.

4. What two pieces of advice did George Washington give the U.S. in his farewell address?

5. List three steps that Alexander Hamilton, George Washington’s Secretary of Treasury. a.

b.

c.

6. How did President react to the Whiskey Rebellion?

7. What precedent did his actions establish?

8. What did the Alien and Sedition Acts say?

9. Why were they passed?

10. What amendment did the Sedition Act violate?

11. How did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions attempt to limit the power of the Federal Government?


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12. What large land acquisition did President Jefferson

authorize?

13. What “issue” did Jefferson have to deal with when he made the decision to buy this land?

14. Who was John Marshall?

15. What were the decisions in the following cases? a. Marbury v. Madison

i. Significance:

b. McCulloch v. Maryland

i. Significance:

c. Gibbons v. Ogden

i. Significance:

16. Why did we go to war with Great Britain in the War of 1812?

a.

b.

17. What were the consequences of the War of 1812? a.

b.

18. What was the main ide of the Monroe Doctrine?


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Part 6: The Constitution Tested 1. Define: sectionalism.

2. Complete the chart below. South North

Economy

Slavery

View on Federalism

3. What “type of people” did President Andrew Jackson represent?

4. What is the “spoils system”?

5. Why did Jackson’s opponents call him “King Andrew the First”?

6. How did President Jackson think the U.S. Government should deal with Native Americans?

7. Define: manifest destiny.

8. How did “manifest destiny” fuel sectionalism?


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9. Complete the chart below. Missouri Compromise Maine:

Missouri: New territories north of 36’ 30:

Compromise of 1850 California: New territories in the Mexican Cession: Fugitive Slave Act:

Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular Sovereignty:

10. Explain how the following events led to the beginning of the Civil War:

a. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

b. Bleeding Kansas

c. John Brown’s Raid

d. Dred Scott decision

11. What did abolitionists want?

12. Explain how these abolitionists attempted to accomplish goals of the movement: a. William Lloyd Garrison

i. The Liberator

b. Frederick Douglas

i. The North Star

c. Harriet Tubman

d. Sojourner Truth

e. John Brown

13. How did the abolition movement inspire the women’s suffrage movement in America?

14. Explain the purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention.


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15. What document was produced at this meeting?

16. What did several southern states (led by South Carolina) do when Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860?

17. What was Lincoln’s political party (Republicans) stance on slavery in 1860?

18. What is secession?

19. What was Lincoln’s goal at the beginning of the Civil War?

20. What does the writ of Habeas Corpus provide Americans?

21. When can the government suspend this?

22. Why did Lincoln suspend Habeas Corpus during the Civil War?

23. What advantages did the Union have?

24. Disadvantages?

25. What advantages did the Confederacy have?

26. Disadvantages?

27. What is the Emancipation Proclamation?

28. If it only freed slaves in areas of rebellion (and Jefferson Davis certainly would not have listened to Lincoln and freed slaves in the Confederacy), why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

29. What actually ended slavery in the USA?


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30. Why do we call the period of time from 1865-1877 “Reconstruction”? 31. What happened to Lincoln shortly after he was re-elected and discussed his plans for Reconstruction? 32. Complete the chart below.

Presidential Plan (Lincoln and Andrew Johnson) Congressional Plan (Radical Republicans) Amendments: Amnesty: 10% Plan: Treatment of freed slaves:

Amendments: Amnesty: Military Districts: Freedmen’s Bureau:

33. What is impeachment? 34. Who were our only two presidents to be impeached? 35. Were either of them found guilty and removed from office? 36. Define: a. carpetbagger b. scalawag 37. Explain the main ideas of each of the Reconstruction Amendments: a. 13th Amendment b. 14th Amendment c. 15th Amendment 38. Below are ways that white southerners and local southern governments attempted to keep African Americans in an inferior social, political, and economic status. Describe each of the following: a. Black Codes b. Secret Societies c. Poll Taxes d. Literacy Tests e. Grandfather Clauses f. Jim Crow Laws 39. Why and how did Reconstruction end in 1877?


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Part 7: Industrialization 1. How did the following lead to the rise of big business in the USA after the Civil War? a. Social Darwinism b. Immigration c. Laissez-Faire d. Monopolies and Trusts 2. What was Andrew Carnegie’s idea about what the wealthy should do with their money? 3. Explain what it means if you call someone a “Captain of Industry.” 4. Explain what it means of you call someone a “Robber Baron.” 5. Complete the chart below.

Union Leaders Membership Goals

Knights of Labor

American Federation of Labor

6. What events contributed to the negative view many people had of unions during this era? 7. Describe the following immigration laws: a. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882 b. Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1908 c. Emergency Quota Act, 1921 d. National Origins Act, 1924 8. What is nativism? 9. Why did many nativists want to restrict immigration during this period?


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10. How had technology and industrialization transformed the west by the late 1800s? 11. Describe the Dawes Act. 12. What were the positive aspects of the expansion of railroads in the late 1800s? 13. What were the negative aspects of the expansion of the railroads in the late 1800s? 14. Describe the Homestead Act. 15. Why did farmers begin to organize into groups like Farmers’ Alliances, the Grange, and the Populist Party? 16. What were the major “planks” in the Populist Party platform when they ran William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896? 17. What is the goal of “third parties”?


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Part 8: The Progressive Movement 1. What does the term “muckraker” mean? 2. Complete the chart below. Major Work(s) Problem they exposed Jacob Riis

Upton Sinclair

Ida Tarbell

Lincoln Steffens

Thomas Nast

3. Why were reforms like secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall, direct primaries, and direct election of senators considered “progressive” reforms? 4. Describe the following “progressive” laws and amendments: a. Sherman Antitrust Act, 1890

b. Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 c. Meat Inspection Act, 1906 d. 16th Amendment, 1913 e. 17th Amendment, 1913 f. Federal Reserve Act, 1913 g. Federal Trade Act, 1914 h. 18th Amendment, 1919 i. 19th Amendment, 1920

5. Why is Teddy Roosevelt known as the “Trust Buster”? 6. How did the following people believe African Americans should work to gain equality during this era? a. Booker T. Washington

b. W.E.B. DuBois


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Part 9: Imperialism and WWI 1. Explain how each of the following contributed to American expansion and imperialism:

a. The rise of big business b. Manifest Destiny and the closing of the frontier c. Social Darwinism d. missionary spirit

2. What impact did Commodore Perry’s trip to Japan in 1853 have on Japan and the USA? 3. What was the USA hoping to achieve with its Open Door Policy in China? 4. Why did the USA wan to annex Hawaii in the late 1800s? 5. How did the following lead to the Spanish-American War is 1898? a. Spanish treatment of the Cuban people: b. Yellow Journalism: c. Sinking of the USS Maine 6. Explain Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy.” 7. Describe the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. 8. Why did the USA feel that is was necessary to build a canal through the isthmus of Panama? 9. Define: Dollar Diplomacy. 10. Explain how each of the following led America to declare war against Germany on 1917:

a. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare b. Freedom of the Seas c. Sinking of the Lusitania d. Zimmerman Telegram


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11. Explain how each of the following limited civil liberties during and just after WWI:

a. Espionage and Sedition Act b. Schenck v. U.S. c. The Red Scare, 1918-1919

12. What were Wilson’s main ideas is his “Fourteen Points”? 13. President Wilson helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles, but had to have it ratified by the U.S. Senate. Why did the Senate reject the treaty?


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Part 10: The “Roaring Twenties” and the Great Depression 1. In what ways did the Republican Presidents of the 1920s return the U.S. to “normalcy”? 2. How did the automobile change the USA economically? 3. How did the automobile change the USA socially? 4. What was the “great migration” of the 1920s? 5. What was the Harlem Renaissance? 6. What was prohibition? 7. Define:

a. 18th Amendment b. Bootlegging c. Speakeasies d. Organized crime e. 20th Amendment f. flappers g. 21nd Amendment

8. Why was John Scopes on trial in Dayton, Tennessee in 1925? 9. What conflict did this trial reveal? 10. Explain how the following contributed to the Great Depression

a. Overproduction b. Stock speculation c. Uneven distribution of wealth d. Unsound banking practices e. Excessive buying on credit

11. How did President Hoover react to the stock market crash and the beginning of the Great Depression?


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12. Define: a. Trickle-down economics b. Hoovervilles c. Bonus Army 12. What was President FDR’s plan to get the nation out the of the Great Depression? 13. What were the three “R”s of his plan? 14. What do each of the acronyms below stand for? What did each of these laws and the programs they created do?

a. CCC b. TVA c. FERA d. AAA e. NRA f. PWA g. FDIC h. WPA i. SSA

15. How did the New Deal impact unions? 16. Why did FDR run into opposition in the Supreme Court? 17. What did FDR propose in order to deal with the opposition? 18. Did the plan work? 19. What were the major effects of the New Deal?


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Part 11: World War II 1. How did the USA react when war broke out in Asia and Europe in the late 1930s? 2. Define the following:

a. Neutrality Acts b. Cash and Carry c. Lend Lease d. Arsenal of Democracy

3. Why did the USA declare war on Japan in December 8, 1941? 4. What kinds of things were Americans asked to (or told to) do to help the war effort? 5. How did the American government persuade Americans to do these things? 6. How were Japanese-Americans treated by the US Government during WWII? 7. Why? 8. What did the Supreme Court rule in the case Korematsu v. U.S., 1944. 9. What did the scientists who worked on the Manhattan Project develop? 10. How did the war in the Pacific end?

Part 12: The Early Cold War and America after WWII 1. How did the Nuremberg Trials set a precedent for world leaders? 2. What is the Cold War? 3. What is “containment”? 4. Explain how the following attempted to contain communism in the early cold war?

a. Berlin Airlift


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b. Truman Doctrine c. Marshall Plan d. Korean War

5. Describe/Define:

a. NATO b. Warsaw Pact

c. McCarthyism d. HUAC e. Black lists f. Arms Race g. Cuban Missile Crisis

6. Explain how the following impacted American society after WWII:

a. GI Bill b. Baby Boom c. Levittown d. Interstate Highway Act


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Part 13: Civil Rights 1. Describe the following Civil Rights Milestones:

a. Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 b. Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1955 c. Little Rock Crisis, 1957 d. Freedom Rides, 1961 e. March on Washington, 1963 f. Civil Rights Act of 1964 g. 24th Amendment h. Voting Rights Act of 1965

Part 14: Important Actions Taken By Modern Presidents 1. John F. Kennedy

a. Space Program b. Peace Corps c. Bay of Pigs Invasion d. Cuban Missile Crisis

2. Lyndon Johnson

a. Great Society b. EEOC c. Head Start d. HUD e. Gulf of Tonkin Incident f. Gulf of Tonkin Resolution


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g. Tet Offensive h. Draft

3. Richard Nixon

a. Kent State b. Vietnamization c. Pentagon Papers d. War Powers Act e. SALT f. 26th Amendment g. Watergate Scandal

4. Jimmy Carter

a. Camp David Accords b. OPEC c. Oil Embargo d. Iranian Hostage Crisis

5. Reagan a. Supply-Side Economics b. Iran-Contra Affair c. SDI

6. George H. W. Bush

a. Operation Desert Storm b. “No New Taxes”

7. Bill Clinton a. Economic success b. NAFTA c. Kosovo d. Impeachment


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8. George W. Bush a. 9/11 Attacks b. Patriot Act c. War in Iraq d. War in Afghanistan

9. Barack Obama

Part 15: Current Issues Healthcare Immigration Use of technology Protection of the environment Social Security -- The “graying of America” Terrorism Globalization

regents u.s. history review mrs. sinacore part 1...

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