regional blocs, transnational actors and interest mediation: the cases of mexico and turkey

8/14/2019 Regional Blocs, Transnational Actors and Interest Mediation: The Cases of Mexico and Turkey

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Regional Blocs, Transnational Actorsand Interest MediationTh C f Mx Tuy

I z

N. 53 | N 2013

WORKING PAPER


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 53 | November 2013

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-ForschergruppeTh Tfmv Pw f Eup

Th KFG W P S h h u f h K-Fhu y

h u. I h xh w h

x h x u Eu h Eu U.

A KFG W P h KFG w www.fu.u

f-u@fu-..

Cyh f h u: I z

E u: A Bh F Buh

z, I 2013: R B, T A I M: Th C f Mx Tuy, KFG W-

P S, N. 53, N 2013, K-Fhu (KFG) Th Tf Pw f Eu, FU B.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

Th u h fu y h G Rh Fu (DFG).

F U B

K-Fhu

Th Tf Pw f Eu:

Th Eu U h Du f I

Ih. 26

14195 B

Gy

Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

f-u@fu-.

www.fu.u


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Regional Blocs, Transnational Actors and Interest Mediation | 3

Regional Blocs, Transnational Actors

and Interest Mediation

Th C f Mx Tuky

Ik z

Ab

Th w x h whh h h

wy h wh , wh h -

h u. Fu Tuy Mx, w u--

u u h f f j w h y h, h

x h f h Eu U (EU) h Nh A F T

A (NAFTA) h z f u ; h wy whh h -

y-; h f u. T

h fu w h w , h h-

wh h u f - u. M

h h f y f h f ,

, h uz h f -

w whh, , h u h h u j -

u h h . Thu, h h f z

h y u , whh uuy fuh , h,

u y h u f , f, wh

u.

Th Auh

Ik z f f S Uy

(2007 ), Iu. Sh h fwh h K-Fhu

Th Tf Pw f Eu, F U B wS 2012 Juy 2013. z h Ph.D. -

f h Uy f Wh, S, 2006 w

h h B Iu f I Su

(2006-2007). H h fu h f ,

u h uy ; f

u; z, Euz h .

H w h Ju f Eu Pu Py, Dz,

Ru G, h. M f h://yw.-

u.u/z/

C: [email protected]


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Contents

1. Iu 5

1.1 Why Mexico and Turkey and Their Incorporaon into Regional Blocs? 7

1.2 Regionalizaon, Globalizaon, Instuonal Change and Decoupling 9

2. Th EU A P D I Tuy: F

Du, Ew Oz 10

2.1 Failed Europeanizaon in Social Dialogue: the Economic and Social

Council in Turkey 12

2.2 Non-EU External Actors and Bilateral Coordinaon Plaorms at Work 13

2.3 The EU and Paral Empowerment of Corporast Organizaons in Turkey 14

2.4 The EU and the Burgeoning-Polarized-Cohesion of Turkish Business 163. NAFTA A Ch S Du Mx 18

3.1 NAFTA, Transnaonalizaon and Mexicos Decaying Corporasm:

A Case for Naa-izaon or North-Americanizaon 18

3.2 Transnaonalizaon, NAFTA, Changing Instuons and Organizaonal

Landscape in Mexico 20

4. Cu 22

Rf 25


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1. Iu

S h 1980, - u h u f - -

- , hy y . S-y h f huhu h whh

y h f h uj j h. Th f z, -

z z h y u - w -

uh h h wy whh z wh h

. Fw f , u h u h uy

y h whh h y x h .

R h y f, fuh h u.

Th w x h whh h h

wy h wh , wh h

u. Fu Tuy Mx, w u-- u

u h f f j w h y h, h x-

h f h Eu U (EU) h Nh A F T A

(NAFTA) h z f u ; h wy whh h

y-; f u. T h fu-

w h w , uy h f uz,

h h wh h u f -

u. Dw f h x u , u

fw h y y h wh hy f wh hy -

uy f wh hy u f. Th f uh .

G h w f z z, h h h

f y f h f ,

wh h w h (Sh 2002). Ay, uz h f

w whh, , h u h h

u j u h u h . I

h h f z h y u ,

whh uuy fuh , h, u y h u f , f, wh u. P u h w

x f u z w de jure de facto f

h h uh u y z, h u h hh f de jureu-

z f hw u u fw h h h f u

fuh wh h y f fu h (Bz/Sy 2012;

M-B 2005).

Th h h Tuy Mx, f (wh h

f h h f h ) h h wy whh

u z wh h , h f h f h

u h y h h f y. Ahuh h EU


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h f h y Tuy, y z, h NAFTA

f h f Mx u.1Lw, -

z h w Tuy, wh y w Mx. D uh

y u, h h y xu , f w h u.

I h f Tuy -u- h EU f y f fu--

h h , h u h y u f h EU f w

uy wh u w h . Ex h

f Euz h , hw Euz h u y -

, u uy y--y (Bz/Pu 2012; Nuh/

Dz 2012; z 2013). I hw h h hh de jur uz u-

h f w u h

f / z. I fuh h f w f

z w u u h

u Tuy, , h uu h f

w f Eu.

I h f Mx NAFTA, h h NAFTA h

x h u , huh uh h qu y h

NAFTA h h .D y f uz-

y , NAFTA h uh u w f f z h,

uy Mx, f N-z (Aw 2009). Th y y f Mx

- wh h u NAFTA h f h h,

wh h h f w u z. Th u w

h NAFTA h u h Mx h x f

, h w, h f

wh h u h h A-Sx f f u h

z .

Thu, h , u h h u h f -

, fu j u y f h , wh h f fh h. I u , h u f h h h

w y f u Tuy Mx wh h

/ y u h f h , uy wh hy -

wh h f . Suh uy f u f h

h xy f w h z h u h z

only one of the games in town,wh h f h h h u (B-

z/R 2012; z 2013). Th h xfy h y f

z, z z h w u--

- u.

1 Thuhu h , z f h whh h -u u,

h f y uy h f , wh u-

z f h uy h.


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1.1 Why Mexico and Turkey and Their Incorporaon into Regional Blocs?

Tuy Mx u wh ufu hu

h uu -y .Bh u-- u wh fy u , whh h fuzzy u f ` ` w y

u h u f MIST` (Mx, I, Suh K Tuy) j h BRIC u

(Bz, Ru, I Ch; ON 2001). Bh f h O f E C--

D (OECD), u, f h G20, h

fu w h w h.

Bh u h huh f y, y

uu uz (ISI) y, - hy w

h f h f u-- u (z fh). A

h h uy f u (wh

u), h u y u-

. Sy, h w u h u f

u (IFI) ( y hy ) u h uy f -

. B w h u f z u, h uu

j : NAFTA h f Mx (1994) h Cu U

A h f Tuy (1995).

Bh Tuy Mx h y y . Uuy, h

Cu U A h f Tuy hh f -

u h, w w fu EU--

h, whh qu wh h acquis communautaire.Ahuh h Tuh

h EU, fy uh 2005, h h , h f h

EU h u u , u h (Nuh/Ay-Dz

2012; Bz/Sy 2012; Ky/ 2007; M-B 2005; z 2013). Ey,

f u h EU y whh f-

u , Tuy juy h wy f . Nh, -

u , h NAFTA h EU h h

, h u y h f , u h EU. Ahuh NAFTA f uz, h

u h u N-z (Aw 2009). Th h

u h u z f y . I h

u, u h h h huh whh h

h u (z 2012). Th y w x u f h

h f h y x u w h

y h u f u,

f u huh h y w h de jure h de facto

h u.


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R f x- wh, y y

h : Fw h NAFTA , u 80 f h Mx x

w h U.S. y, wh h y f Tuh x h EU

h y f 55-60 h 1990 47 (INEGI 2012; TSI 2013). Gh f x- wh hh f y h

, h u y h hhy yhz wh h h U.S. Eu -

y (Au/B 2011).

I h u, h uy w hy uu y h wh h x f

- y y h 1930, hh f -

h f wh u- -

- y uu. Th ISI z u h u u

, u wh f

uh w (By

1990; Bu 1994; H 1996; Lu 1992; z 2003). M u f -

u w f u , wh j h

uh u y xu . I h u, h h -

z f u h 1990. A h x

f h f h h w f h ( f h

Mx h Tuy), x y h xu f f - h f - -

u f u, f f f w h

u .

S h u h h fu, u

h w j : Mx . Tuy; Mx --

-y . Tuy f u-y ; , y,

, .., Mx ()fu . Tuy u x f u-

. Hw, h h x h h u h h

h . F, wh Mx h w, h Tuh -

y y f h h w f h xu

(Hz Ruz 2005; zuu 2012). Thu, f h x f y, h

w f h xu h : Th xu h hyh w Mx, huh h h w (Bj Az 2009;

A 2009). Ahuh Tuy h y y, xu h y -

h 1982 Cu.

S, h -y y h Iu Ruy Py (PRI) wh wy

Mx h 1990, u h N A Py (PAN) w

2000. I Tuy, hw, h y y h y -y- h

u h u f h AKP, h u whh w 2002. Ahuh Tuy w -

y uy, f h h f h

h 1920, u h uy h -u h. I

h u, u f h wy y y f f-

h, y h (H 1991; H 1998; Sy 2011; z 2003).


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D h h w h y h uy h h-

, y fu f , Tuy, u w h Mx 1996. A -

w h j h h w f - z (y /

-u, u u) Mx, f h Tuy y h - f h 21uy. T , u u h u

h , u y, h : I Mx, hy u

h f A-Sx y f y, wh, Tuy, hy h h --

z wh h w -.

1.2 Regionalizaon, Globalizaon, Instuonal Change and Decoupling

I h Mx Tuy, u h h

whh h u (Aw 2009; C 2002; z 2012). Th -

y w x u f h, h f h y h

h h x u h f y h h h h, u

u f h u y / u f

u , u . Suh

h f , y y h y w de jure f u

h de facto, .., u u, u h u (z

fh).

Ex u , uy Euz, wy u h -

y u (Bz 2002; Hx/Gz 2000). A j h

h x f uy h f f h f h

u. A Bz R (2012: 2) u, u u [] h EU h

y w f. Bh Mx Tuy x f -

w u, z uh h I My Fu (IMF), h

W B, h W T Oz (WTO) h OECD y y f x

, y u f w (C 2002; z 2013).

Ixy, h EU h x hh f u h ufu f Tuy h huh u uy, h y u f h EU h . Th

h f Europeanizaon u u

h , z h f f wh qu -

y h EU h de jure de facto (Bz 2002; O 2002; R . 2001).

Th w x huh h f u f

h h hu (Bz/R 2012). I u h h

fu h f h hh f f uz wh h

u hw. Th Tuh x hh f Eu-

z y u (Bz/Sy 2012; z 2013).


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Th f h EU h Tuh y h u wh fu

h h f y (Eu 2010; G/G 2005; uyu 2011; Ky-

/uyu 2003; Ru 2005; T 2005). Th w h EU ,

w w, y, . Eu (2010) h hEU h f h Tuh y, h y h-

h h f Eu. A uyu (2011), hw, h EU

y f Tuy h h . T (2005) u h h y

f x y h EU , u y uh

u w h w h u f EU- y

. Bu u h f y, h w x, jux

- - y y wh h y u.

2. Th EU A P D Imp Tuky: F Du, Em-

pw Oz

I h x f EU , h Eu C (EC) h h

u u. Th EC h u x u,

whh h z f -

(uy h f y w) - u h

uh u, u, j .2 I hu u, hw,

h h f h EU h f y h , h

f y h - f- h

f h y y h acquis. Fuh, h EU y y h h

f, h y u w fu

2007 wh h Nw E Sy 2007-2008 (EC 2007) wh h C Cu-

C Sy Du (EC 2005) h h fu f Iu

f P-A A. Ahuh h f y w y u

h x f h E , f h ,

w y h Cu C Sy Du.

I h f Tuy, h EC h h u f h

w uh, u h. I 2011, h EC uh Th Gu P f EC Su-

f h D f C Sy Tuy (EC 2011). S h 1990, h EC h u

Tuy h u f u u u f h

, h f h h E S Cu (ESK). Tuy, , seemed

like wh wh w , h, h w uh. Th

ESK w h 1995 y xu , whh w, w y -

h Cu 2010, fw h u uu u y h

2 Eu C, Ey, S A & Iu, w S Du, h://.u.u/

/.j?I=329&I=, 24 S 2013.


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EU (I 2002; Sz 2003). D u u, h ESK h y f fu

, u f wh , h fw w h h u, xfy

j wh Euz (z fh).

S f, h EC h u h, u h u, h

h wh u y h x f h h C-

Sy Fy. Cuy, Tuy u f EU P A u h

Sh Rh Fw P, Cu 2013, F 2013, h Eu E A-

y, h C I Fw P, P, Cuu 2007, Lf L

Yuh A (EC 2012: 6). Ay, u fu h -

u f j u y y z. Th C Sy Eh

P f h whh j f hu h u -

z (EC 2011). Ahuh Tuy (h h h y z u h

f u) EU w y y u,

h f y- j h fu. A h

P R (EC 2012: 10) u, u f y h x

h h h u.

Th f Euz u h huh

w j h Tuy: F, h h u f u

, , h h u f h u z. Th u-

h h huh h h h uh h h y h .

I f, h h u wh h u h f z w

f w f u z, u . Th y f u -

z h y , u h u h u z y uh

u y h u f (z fh).

D h w f z, u h u whh w h

f y. Suh fu f h f h de jureu-

z w h u h h y u fu y h EU w -

uz 2010, fw h f u u. Thu, Euz h h

hhy , h y u . Th h u f xu u y y, u h u.

A h h f Th C

Cu f h I f I E (YOKK) whh w uz y h -

f h W B, h EU, huh h ` h

f h h , h h , whh h f h u

uh y h EU.


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2.1 Failed Europeanizaon in Social Dialogue: the Economic and Social Council in Turkey

B h y y f- y h -

u f u Eu u, h EC h - y w h h f uh whh wu

y f u- h h x f . I y

h h f h ESK, wh h f h I L Oz

(ILO), w h f u z f f u

u. Th ESK w fu 1995 y xu fu

w h fquy y u f h f -1980

Tuy (z 2012). D ww- -- h EU ILO, h ESK f fu-

y u f -z y , h u f

h u f y-.

Rh h f u, h ESK h f . Th

h u h Cu f x h h h h. U, f , y-

h , h f h h w u wu h

wh h y h (Sz 2003: 84). I f u h Cu u

f u u-, u wy, .., z

y h . Thf, f h , u h , u h ESK

f f u u . Th ESK u x whu h ,

wh y fu h de jure y h ILO EU. Wh f h ESK

u h h ESK fu, hy u h f uu f u h

uw y u wh h .3

Th ESK h y f h , uuy h w -

hy h y , hu h u f h ESK u u h

f h u . O- f w z y u wh

h u w -. A y wh h

u f whh z u . A , h

h h u, u , h

h wh f h w uh. Th f w wh h w h ESK, y u h w

uy wh , wh h f h u w .

D h h Cu w u h u 2010 huh h fu u-

, h f w h w y fw h fu,

xfy hh f u u. Thu, h w u-

z u Tuy f .4Suh fu h u u-

3 P w wh f P f h Tuh Iu Bu A (TSAD),Iu, S 20, 2012.

4 A w hz h f uu f u f h uh f h ESK,


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P R f h EC, u u (2011: 78) u

h u h w y u u h . Th E

S Cu, whh u u fw h S 2010 fu, h

y (EC 2011: 36).

2.2 Non-EU External Actors and Bilateral Coordinaon Plaorms at Work

Ahuh h EU f u y f Tuy, f h

w h u h u y h u f h EU

. O f h u h wh u- u -

Tuy h h h f YOKK. Th w y

h h f

(FDI), whh uy h x f h 2000-2001 ww f uy f

f u h Tuy. Th x h uh f h

w h EU, u h W B I C Ay S. Th EU h

h ( y y), h f u h y

f h EU, w h f f u . S

h Mx, h f YOKK, u f h ESK, hw h

f fu w h u h f xu .

B uu whh h x f h wh w

u , h f huh u : I

h h u f z u -

, f , wh f w u

, whh, u, y f wh

FDI u u. Mh f h wh YOKK h h f

w w u , u , . Iu

xy h x u f h y, uy wh

z,

YOKK wh uuu h Tuh . D h uh ,

YOKK h y Tuy. H huh y f u-z ( -uz), h hhy y uu whh h w

fu, y h. Ay, h y uu f

.

Th f u z h YOKK , u h U f Ch

Cy Exh f Tuy (TOBB), h Tuh Iu Bu A (TS-

AD), h I I A f Tuy (YASED), h Tuh Ex Ay (TM),

h fu f h . S w, uh h f

f u -u w h y YOKK. H,

u u h - h f f h ESK.


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h u f YOKK uz wh whh u

h y h ESK y h EU. Th Euz wh

de jureu y ( h x f uz h f h Tuh ESK). I

u h f h x f h EU u fu h.

2.3 The EU and Paral Empowerment of Corporast Organizaons in Turkey

Cy Mx u, h Tuh jy h h fuh x, -

h f /-u u z h 2000, whh

u- h f h f

, z z. I uh x, z h -

y hh f y h h y

f h. Th EU h u huh w h: Th u f

u h h y f u z, h u z

h h , h h y -

u.

Th x h h y f TOBB -

h u uy. A h z f u whh h y

z - u h 2000, TOBB h u w wh

z z, h w h u w

u, w f . TOBB u u

h y. Cuy, TOBB h wh h ;

y f u j; fu uy h-. TOBB f -

y u h u whh h hw

y.

Th y f z huh h u f uu j, -

, h u, h Eu, h h f j-

- fu. Th z u w h hfuh h u h h w h Eu,

u h hy w h . C z h -

y, u wh f h EU hz .

Eh 2001, h j f h Tuy-EU Ch Fu uh f u

h fu w z u u h f TOBB. Th -

h j j h f h Cu O h

f Tuy. Mh Ch w TOBB h EU h f h h f 56 h

f uy Tuy wh h Eu wh

h z. Suh h w h h,

f hy f u. Ay, h EU-TOBB


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Tuy-EU Bu D C Tuy, whh -

w Tuh h h h EU. Th EU-Tuy G Bu B Pj f-

w TOBB h A f Eu Ch f

C Iuy (Euh). A x h wTuh EU- h u, h j u h f TOBB

y Tuh u y Tuy, u h u uy

Tuy y.

TOBB h f w fu wh h f -u u -

z Eu. O f h j y h EU h f V T Pj

(UMEM) C f V T, whh f w- f h

y y. Oh - fu u h f wy -

w Tuy P, f h h h M E,

hy f u P (Iuy f P P). I wy, y f

w TOBB, h EU h y u Tuy y qu f h h

y, y h M E C A, u qu f Tuy

.

O f h qu f h EU f f h y f TOBB h uh f

u-z u (SME) Tuy, h u f h z. Th

h Mx wh u hy h x y h

NAFTA . TOBB f h SME; h h y y ,

h f y h Eu h; f w , hu, x,

y h fu. Ey, h EU h h f SME y

huh TOBB, u h h h w f

SME w h Eu y (S Bu A f Eu (SBA);

2008). S f h h SBA y Tuy S Mu E

D Oz (KOSGEB) whh w wh EU-

z. Th C u P R h KOSGEB u

f h h y f SME (EC 2012: 68).

Th f SME Tuy w h x Eu why h, h wh z

uuy w u h x f SME. Th EU u h wh f

SME huh , w h z whh hy

f h wh x wh -

w f h h uh u w w. Suh w

u wh w Tuy, u h w f h y -

, y h Wf Py h Ju D Py (AKP), wy f

I. S f h y-uh SME whh h u-u-uu

w, u j f h Wf Py

h 1990 h AKP h 2000 (Bu 1997, 1999; G 2010; H/zuu 2011; z

2010). Iy f A T, h u f u y x


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uy u h Iu h y h y -

, x , , uu wh (Bu

1997; G 2010). S f h w h uy

(u h I ) h y u() f u (z 2010, 2013). H, h f w x h z wh

h Tuh u uy.

My w u z h x Tuy h y 1990,

h wh f w u y z z

w z h Tuh y. O f x Tuh u

uh -u . u ; SME . u; x- . --

u; Iu . h f Tuy; y w h 1990: I (

-u()) . u() u. Th wy uh , wh h f -

z u h f - w

h 1930 1980, z h y 1990 w . C-

quy, h Tuh u uy, y u-y f, y -

z w h u h z h y. Th y w h w

u h w uu y y : f

h h u h h h h. Eh u h

h h 2000 h EU y y h.

2.4 The EU and the Burgeoning - Polarized - Cohesion of Turkish Business

Th Euz Tuy h w u u z

f h f - z. Th Lw A

2004 wh h EU f x h

u h h .5Th EC h f h w h f

y z h hz .6

Th w f h h f f f. Tw f

w u f h w: Th Tuh E Bu Cf (TRKONFED) 2004

h Cf f Bu Iu f Tuy (TUSKON) 2005, h wh h wh u uy Tuy (z 2013). Th y uu f

h w z wh f h f h-

h Tuh u uy, y w y : u h-

h f h h. TRKONFED u() u

, wh TUSKON -u()/I u , f h u-

z h Tuh y (z fh).

5 Lw N: 5253, 4 N 2004, uh O Gz #25649, V. 44, 11 N 2004.

6 TRKONFED, w, h://www.TRKONFED./x.h, 1 S 2012.


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Ahuh h f h u u z (TRKONFED wh

10,000 u, 9 f 95 ; TUSKON f 45,000 u

, 176 u 7 f7), h f-

u f h y y h h. TRKONFED w y TSADwhh u, f h `Cu f h Rh.` A TSAD uh -

hw h f y uy whh w u y h EU wh h

f TSAD x f y, f h fu f TRKONFED h

y uy -- h EU.8Th EU y

h h f TRKONFED, w fu wh h EU

f, h f h hz .9

D uh f TSAD TRKONFED, TUSKON wh h

wh z h u f hw h f TUSKON vis--vish -

f , uh u y h y w h w. Th

f h h f TUSKON y -

f, h f / fu f f y h ,

h h wh h z f y f -

. Ahuh h h y h, h wh

h y f h xu u h u u wh f

u huh w. Th x h f h f

uu y w (Bu 1994; z fh).

Suuy wh h f Euz u z h , -

z h y w. Th h

y h EU . Cuy, h, f f wh -

j u z f u u w, f h

Eu, h h ww / . Lw, h x f

w h y h Mx. Th w h

w h u-y h w u y z

u h h f SME Tuy, h z

.

Th z TOBB Tuy x f h, h SME u f

wh uy. I f Euh w f h Bu Iu-

y Ay C (BIAC) f h OECD h f h W Ch

F h I Ch f C, h. Pu z

h z xy. Th u TSAD f

u w, uh h Cf f Eu Bu (BUSINESSEUROPE),

7 Tu, w, h://www.u./?=&=uu&=uu, 26 Fuy 2013.

8 TRKONFED, w, h://www.TRKONFED./x.h, 1 S 2009; w whC By, h f TRKONFED, Bu, 10 S 2009.

9 TRKONFED, w, h://www.TRKONFED./x.h, 1 S 2012.


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h Bu Iuy Ay C (BIAC) h Eu Ru T f Iu

(ERT). TUSKON (h z h -u ) h y

u w, f whh A Af, f TUSKON -

f h. Tuh u z h wf h uh f wh h.10

3. NAFTA A Ch S Du Mx

U h EU h, NAFTA h h y

f u f h z f . I h f

Mx, NAFTA uy y

wh EU qu. A , y new generaonf ,

h NAFTA u u y, , x, u

h h h f , u u

u . Nh, Mx u h f

w y y h h NAFTA , y h U.S. C. F h

f w, u y z h h u

NAFTA, f y h , h w z

h w h u.

C wh h y uu y h h, h NAFTA y

y u h h f h z u

. T w f u whh NAFTA h x h

h y h f f. A u f h w

y h h f h f h h

U.S. C, h w h f h . Th , , fy , wh -

h EU f f f Tuy, h f h

ju u w u h hh .

3.1 NAFTA, Transnaonalizaon and Mexicos Decaying Corporasm: A Case for Naa-iza-

on or North-Americanizaon?

I Mx, u w u z h huh

h. C h y y u, fy f

w h A-Sx h U.S. C, h h w

f NAFTA. Th NAFTA h x h f z f

u Mx, u , f u, h f u , wh, -

y fuh h f h u h. I h x f h -

f, f h f u h , h

10 P w wh f P f TSAD, Iu, 3 Juy 2008.


19/28


y y w-fu, z u- y. Ahuh x,

hy h fu h h . Th h w f

- z (u ) h f u f h

w f Mx. Iy f u - u h y f u, u h u wh

w fz h xu.

NAFTA h h u h f h huh u h h f h

NAFTA y f wh f u -

, uy fw , h u . Ahuh

h h, uy h w, h uh

h EU h y z , hy

h uy u h f f z f

Mx. C wh NAFTA , hu u f h U.S.- -

wh w, w f f h y u

y h A-Sx y f u, fy f North-Americanizaon, f Naa-izaon.

Th h wh h f f u, u h h f

u.

O f h u h h w h h Lw f Ch

1996, whh w f z, h -

uy h h h, h f. Th w y u f

y y wfu u z f, uy uy

h h f. F , u u z fuh

whh hy - u f h uh

Mx .11

D h C 1997 u h j u h whh h f-

w f h h f. Nh, uh ju u h,

h f w f u z h Cf f Iu Ch

f h U S f Mx (CONCAMIN) h N Ch f Tf Iu

(CANACINTRA) h y w h 1980, huh hy h u u` h f y-. Th f u z

huh h u f , uy x y h P f E-

Sy (PSE) whh w uh h f 1987 h C-

Cu f F T (COECE) whh h y y u h NAFTA ,

h u uy, h h f h f-

h xu f u. A h, h PSE h

y f Mx, h f h w , u h

u y - h , u h f

u (Lu 1992, 2004; O 2003).

11 Iw wh f h C Cu f Bu (CCE) h Ey Cf f h

Mx Ru (COPARMEX), 15-17 Auu 2012, Mx Cy.


20/28


A h u z, f h f h f h Ch

Lw w h h u wh u , uh h Mx Bu Cu-

f I A (CEMAI) h N A f I Ex (ANIERM).

E y u h w, h z h y. Th z y y h f f

wh h U.S. h f NAFTA . Ahuh u

h uh u f h 1980, h 1980, CEMAI ANIERM, w

z (uy h f h hu f u),

y u f wh h U.S. Thy uuy,

, , j u z w uy u u

u.12Th z w, y, y C S, wh, 1990,

u h uu NAFTA. Bw 1990 1992, h My f C

Iu D (SECOFI) z f wh u

u h f NAFTA f h - . Th z

y SECOFI fuy NAFTA h u, y u u h NAFTA wu

w, hy, y, h fuh -

z wh, h u .13

Th Mx Cu f I A wh h z, h C Cu

f Bu (CCE), y u h NAFTA . Th CCE h COECE

h u uy Mx. Th u w

SECOFI COECE u h NAFTA h Mx f (O

2003; Th 2000). Nh, h wh w y z u

wh . COECE f CEMAI, whh

y y u h h u , wh -

u, u Wh D.C., h u f COECE. 14Suh y

h h y f COECE. A h NAFTA , COECE

u f wh h EU, u y f wy w.

3.2 Transnaonalizaon, NAFTA, Changing Instuons and Organizaon Landscape in

Mexico

Fw h h f h Lw f Ch 1996 h h h u 1997, w

u . Cf h h y , u

w hy h y u u .15Thf, h

f h fw w y h xu-u -

12 P w wh f h f CEMAI, Mx Cy, 20 My 2004.

13 T L C A N, SECOFI, Mx Cy, 1992.

14 P w wh f f CEMAI f COECE, Mx Cy, 20 My 2004.

15 A x f u, CANACINTRA h 80,000 1995, u h u

22,000 1996.


21/28


, h w f h uy xu h w f h y h

f u 1997, h u f y wh h . I h

h u wh w , uh : Nw

w , wh h f h wy whh hy , hu w wh . I wy, hy w -

h h . A u , y f h ,

h h fu f h xu h u, whh h

1997. Th C, whh h f, u.

S-u z h huh u f, - h -

x f u , y,

uy , hy h u, w hy y y h u f

h w h w.16Oz CONCAMIN CANACINTRA u

y h w , u y, f h h.17Thy u-

y , u, juy xu, wh h u

y, f -, u h

h f f(B 2004: 11). Th h h z y

h h fw h h f uy h.

Th f wy-uh u uy h w

u f u z h f f h

wy whh u h , wh y uu f ,

y-w concertaon. B Mx y j u h,

y, uh h U.S. u-

(MNC), y j h . H, f h y u f

h -uy h y w u, , f f

w h u.

A j h h x u h u

. A h u h h y f, y

z wh u z (-u h f,

u ) u u f h u h f- , f h xu juy w h

f h f y y . S f h w y u

h j h wh Mx .

A h u Tuy, uh h h wh f y,

y u h y h - y - . Th

f f h u h h u ,

h h x. Thy h h y f h -

uy .

16 P w wh CANACINTRA , Mx Cy, 4 S 2012.

17 P w wh y , Mx Cy, 29 Auu 2012.


22/28


A x f w f - h h f COECE, whh

h f wh h w h h

u h NAFTA . I y f h 2000 `h ,`

h wh NAFTA h EU w y . Aw, z x - , whh y

, . O f h z h h Mx-

Bu Cu f F T, I Thy (COMCE), fu y h

f CEMAI h N Cu f F T (CONACEX), h (z)

. W huh u , COMCE

wh u z f u. COMCE y f

h h u f h f xy whh

z h f- huh h z hy .18

Th z Mx h hhy h w h h

u wh h f h wy whh z wh h , h

h u. Nw h w h,

h h f, y u z f

Nh A, wh whh w h f

f. Ly , h- uy uy

h w , u h wh h f h uh y. Th w

jux h -wfu f / - u-

z whh h w huh f h w

wy f wh h w wh h , y j

uh f.

4. Cu

M wh z z w j h f -

-h -y u-- u. Suh h

uy f u wh h uy h f h - f h x f - y .

A h uy- w u

, u h h f w wy u

u, y-, h . R h y

y f fuh h , w h w-

y u .

18 COMCE, w, h://www...x/1.h?_=1&=, 3S 2013.


23/28


Th x h f w u w

u, wh h h z f u -

, fu Tuy-EU Mx-NAFTA . Aw h u

w h w , y h EU NAFTA, h w - , h hw h y w h f z -

f u h h

h. I h f w f h EU u h x

f Tuy -u- h EU, wh w

h; , h f Mx, h ux f w f NAFTA wh wh

y f w y NAFTA.

Th h w u , u h

h wh hy f wh hy u f.

Thuh ( w) u f u , f h

EU h NAFTA, uh z w j h

, h u wh h u h u

whh hz h x f u u f h, fu h , -

uy h EU, h y w, j h (Bz/R 2012: 2;

Sh 2002). Ay, h w f z, z-

z, f, wh h f

z h u. I hw h

w h u h (u h EU)

u u u h u .

Th h hw h u u x y z, z -

z h wh y h h h

y u. I hw u uh h ESK, y h EU,

f Tuy, wh u uh YOKK, y h W B f

y u , h y . Suh f

u h Euz x h u f h EU f w

h wh h f h x u f u h u

Tuy. Th h hw h w f u, wh de jureuz- h hh x . I h u h f u

wh h y f fu , h f Tuy (Bz/Sy 2012). A-

y, h u u u w f u f

u uy u qu y

z .

Th h xy f Euz u wh h u-

y y h f f h. Th EU u

z Tuy h y. Th f h hhy

h x u x, wh h h u, h -u

u u z h w uy, y u (-


24/28


) h z. Nh, h EU f u y f.

Ahuh h EU h h f y - h

u, u h , h

h h x. C wh h y u uh, h u f u y h EU f fu y. Wh,

h u y -EU h , fy h uy

f x u f h u h u-- u.

If wy f - h z u - u ,

f h - y. I Mx, hw, h NAFTA h y -

u, z huh h u j h

z, wh u y h h,

h. Th z f Mx u h -

f w f y NAFTA y h .

D uh Euz, h EU f w h y

hh wh h y-u z f u z. Th h

y f u z, u, h w. Th u,

hw, h y u qu, h w -

huh h w h u y u z.

Buh u y h u - h - w h u() h

u, h AKP y f wh u f SME f u u-

. Tuy h EU, whh y y h 2000, -

u h h f SME huh h h y f z

SME w x u. A u qu, h w f

SME h hy h j u f u f h AKP whh, y , -

y z wy- .

Th y y f Tuy Mx wh h h

f h h, wh h h f y f w u

z wh hh f u u. Nw f f -u

h u f h : Mx h , wh w f f

h h Tuy, jux x u. S-u w y y w f y h f u-

fu - , , u . PAN AKP w

Tuy 2000 2002, y, z j - u h u:

Th whh h h h uy

w, y u wh whhy -

z, z y .


25/28


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Heper, Men (ed.)1991: S S E I Gu, Th P-1980 Tuh Ex,B, Nw Y: W Guy.

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Hix, Simon/Goetz, Klaus H. (eds)2000: Eu P? Eu I N PSy, L, U.K. P, USA: Ru.

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Th K-Fhupp - Eu Am Exh

Iv Rh

Th K-Fhu (KFG) w fu u-h y h G Rh Fu 2008. I - f h KFG y u

whh h wh y u wh u f ju h.

Th K-Fhu Th Tf Pw f Eu h h Eu h B-B-u uz h wh h u- h u. I x h f h EU - f , yz h h f x u h h :

Iy h Pu Sh

C, Cy By

C R Eu Ex R

regional blocs, transnational actors and interest mediation: the cases of mexico and turkey

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