regional salmon plan

Regional Salmon Plan

January 21, 2009Forks

Defining Your Project

Using Results to Adapt & Improve

Implementing Strategies &

Measures

Developing Strategies &

Measures


· Project people· Project scope & focal

targets

Regional Salmon Plan

Four Coast Region Lead Entities, Governor’s Salmon Recovery Office, Makah, Quileute, Hoh, Quinault, Chehalis Tribes, WDFW, The Wild Fish Conservancy, USFS, USFWS, Green

Crow, Rayonier, Washington Forest Protection Association

The Wild Salmon CenterThe Nature Conservancy

Coast Region Salmon Plan “Scope”

All of Washington’s watersheds which drain directly into the Pacific Ocean between Cape

Flattery in the north and Cape Disappointment in the south, together with

their inland, estuarine and nearshore environments, lying within all or parts of Clallam, Jefferson, Grays Harbor, Pacific, Cowlitz,

Mason, Lewis and Thurston Counties.

Lakes

Headwaters/Uplands

Nearshore Marine

Estuaries

Tributaries

MainstemsOcean

Wetland and Off-Channel

Coast Region Salmon Plan “Focal Targets”

• Headwaters/Uplands

• Wetland and Off-Channel

• Tributaries

• Lakes

• Mainstems

• Estuaries

• Nearshore Marine

• Ocean

Headwaters/UplandsAll landscape areas within a given drainage from its ridgeline down to 20% gradient, above Salmonid access

Wetlands and Off-ChannelEverything that salmon can get into that is not a mainstem, tributary, lake, estuary, nearshore, or ocean

TributariesStreams with mean annual flow less than 1,000 cfs to the upper extent of Salmonid access

LakesCoast Region Sockeye Lakes: Ozette, Pleasant and Quinault

MainstemsRivers and Streams with mean annual flow of 1,000 CFS or greater (Shorelines of State Significance)

EstuariesFrom the head of tide to the outermost headlands separating the estuary from the ocean

NearshoreThe Photic zone up to the ordinary high water line (< 60 ft)

OceanEverything waterward of 60 ft.

Target: Salmon Habitat

Salmon Life Stages

Key Species

What about the fish?

Wetlands- Spawning/Rearing Coho, CutthroatOff Channel Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Coho, Cutthroat

Juvenile Refugia/Holding Coho, CutthroatAdult Migration/Staging Coho, Cutthroat

Tributaries Spawning/Incubation Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, CutthroatJuvenile Rearing/Foraging Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, CutthroatJuvenile Outmigration Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, CutthroatAdult Migration Chum, Coho, Sockeye, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

Lakes Spawning/Incubation SockeyeJuvenile Rearing/Foraging Coho, SockeyeAdult Migration/Staging Bull Trout, Sockeye, Steelhead (f/w phenotype), Cutthroat

Mainstems Spawning/Incubation Chinook, SteelheadJuvenile Rearing/Foraging Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Bull Trout, CutthroatAdult migration/staging Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, CutthroatJuvenile Outmigration Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Chum, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

Estuaries Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Chum, Chinook, CohoJuvenile Outmigration Chum, Chinook, Coho, Steelhead, Sockeye, Bull Trout, CutthroatAdult Foraging Bull Trout, CutthroatAdult Migration/Staging Chum, Coho Chinook, Steelhead, Cutthroat

Nearshore Juvenile Rearing/Foraging Chinook, Bull Trout, CutthroatAdult Migration/Foraging Bull Trout, Cutthroat

Ocean Juvenile Foraging Chinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye SteelheadAdult Foraging Chinook, Coho, Chum Sockeye Steelhead



Measures


Measures


Developing Strategies & Measures

· Target viability· Critical threats· Situation analysis· Objectives & actions· Measures

What is critical for salmon viability or health?

TributariesSpawning & Incubation

Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD,Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,Water Quantity



Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD, Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,Water Quantity

Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Turbidity

TributariesWater Quality – TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – TurbidityRiparian Condition – Buffer WidthRiparian Condition – Condition/CompositionLarge Woody DebrisFloodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and ConditionsSediment Needs – Fines and EmbeddednessSediment Needs – GravelForage Abundance – MacroinvertebratesForage Abundance – Marine Derived NutrientsAbundance – Run SizeWater Quantity – HyrdrologyPool Frequency and Quality

Headwaters/UplandsWater Quality – TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – TurbidityUplands Condition – Buffer WidthUplands Condition - Condition/CompositionSediment Needs – GravelWater Quantity – Seral Stage

WetlandsWater Quality – TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – TurbidityRiparian Condition – Buffer WidthRiparian Condition - Condition/CompositionFloodplain Connectivity – Habitat RefugiaSediment Needs – Fines and EmbeddednessIn-Water Vegetation – Presence of Native Vegetation Species

LakesWater Quality – TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – TurbidityRiparian Condition – Buffer WidthRiparian Condition – Condition/CompositionForage Abundance

MainstemsWater Quality - TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – TurbidityRiparian Condition – Buffer WidthRiparian Condition – CompositionLarge Woody DebrisFloodplain Connectivity – Aquatic Types and ConditionsSediment Needs – Fines and EmbeddednessAbundance – Run Size

EstuariesWater Quality – TemperatureWater Quality - Dissolved OxygenWater Quality – Sediment/Nutrient InputsLarge Woody DebrisRiparian Condition – Buffer WidthRiparian Condition – CompositionForage Abundance – Mudflat ProductivityForage Abundance – Surf Smelt EggsEstuarine Extent – Estuarine QuantityAbundance – Run Size

Nearshore MarineWater Quality – % Coverage of Eelgrass in reference areasWater Quality – Available forage in the nearshoreWater Quality – % Coverage of Kelp in reference areas

OceanPDO – Annual Trend in the PDO IndexENSO – MEI (multivariate ENSO index)Forage Abundance – Annual Copepod Diversity IndexJuvenile Salmon Abundance – Annual June Spring Juvenile Chinook Sampling

– Annual September Juvenile Coho Sampling Water Quality – Ocean Acidity



Water Quality, Riparian Condition, LWD, Floodplain Connectivity, Sediment Needs,Water Quantity

Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, TurbidityWith a Rating of Current and Desired Status

Roll-up Chart: TRIBUTARIES - Streams with mean annual flow less than 1,000 cfs to upper extent of Salmonid access

for: SPAWNING/INCUBATION Key Species: CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

JUVENILE REARING/FORAGING Key Species: COHO, STEELHEAD, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

JUVENILE OUTMIGRATION Key Species: CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

ADULT MIGRATION Key Species: CHUM, COHO, SOCKEYE, Chinook, Steelhead, Bull Trout, Cutthroat

Measure:for most

sensitive life stage:

for species: POOR FAIR GOOD VERY GOOD SCALE Desired

status Current Status Notes/Source

WATER QUALI

TY

TEMPERATURE˚C & # exceedances

per yearSpawn/Incub

Chinook

Steelhead Chum

Frequent exceedanc

es of temperatu

re standards;

over 30 days per

year.

Moderate # of

exceedances of

temperature

standards; typically 7-

30 days per year.

Infrequent exceedances of

temperature standards; less

than 7 days per year.

Meets state standards for temperature.

Seven day average of the maximum

daily temperature does not exceed 13° C for salmon spawning, 16° C for core summer salmonid habitat,

and 17.5° C for salmon spawning,

rearing and migration.

region Very Good

Mostly Good, some Fair to Poor

Centralia Flood Damage Reduction Project,

Chehalis River, Washington, Final

Environmental Impact Statement, Appendix A:

Fish, Riparian, and Wildlife Habitat Study,

June 2003, US Army Corps of Engineers, and Chapter 173-

201A WAC: Water quality standards for surface waters of the state of Washington.

DISSOLVED OXYGENmg/L DO &

# days per year below

standardsSpawn/Incub All

Frequent occurrence

s of DO below

standards; over 30 days per

year.

Moderate # of

occurrences of DO below

standards; typically 7-

30 days per year.

Infrequent occurrences of DO below standards; less than 7 days

per year.

Meets state standards for DO. Exceeds 9.5 mg/L for core summer salmonid habitat

(Bull Trout spawning and

rearing), 8.0 mg/L for spawning, rearing and

migration, 6.5 mg/L for salmon

rearing only.

region Very Good








TURBIDITY

NTUs (Nephelometric Turbidity Units)

Spawn/Incub All

High; turbidity regularly exceeds water quality

standards.

Medium; turbidity does not

exceed 10 NTUs over backgroun

d concentrati

ons (BC) when the BC is 50 NTUs or less. Or, turbidity does not exceed a

20% increase over BC

when the BC is

greater than 50 NTUs.

Low; turbidity does not exceed 5 NTUs over background concentrations (BC) when the BC is 50 NTUs or less. Or,

turbidity does not exceed a 10% increase over BC when the BC is

greater than 50 NTUs.

region Very Good








LAKESHEADWATERS/UPLANDS

WETLANDS AND OFF-CHANNEL

TRIBUTARIESMAINSTEMS

Threats WorkshopSeptember 14, 2010Ocean Shores Convention Center

Target: TRIBUTARIES

THREAT SCOPE SEVERITY IRREVERSIBILITY COMMENTS

Timber harvest - steep slopes High Low MediumNeed clarification on "steep." Rules or Regulatory definition or not.

Development High High High

Invasive species: plants High Medium Medium Low cost; long time.

Blocking culverts Very High Medium Medium

Roads High High High

Agriculture High High Medium

Historic stream modifications High High High

Irrigation water withdrawal Medium High Medium Severity depends on location.

Low anadromous abundance Very High Question: if this applies, EVERYTHING on these charts causes Low Abundance

Agricultural runoff Medium High Medium

Timber harvest/ riparian areas High Medium MediumNeed to define "Riparian." Rule or not. Fundamental difference of opinion - talk to James.

Invasive species: animals Medium Medium Medium

Harvest of salmon High Medium MediumNeed to explain relationship between Harvest & Tribs.

Climate change Very High High Very High

Poor hatchery practices High High Medium

Scope x Severity Scope

Very High High Medium Low

Severity Very High Very High High Medium Low

High High High Medium Low

Medium Medium Medium Medium Low

Low Low Low Low Low

Magnitude x Irreversibility Irreversibility

Very High High Medium Low

Magnitude Very High Very High Very High Very High High

High Very High High High Medium

Medium High Medium Medium Low

Low Medium Low Low Low

Mag

nitu

deTh

reat

Rati

ng

Threats \ Targets Mainstems Tributaries Lakes Wetlands Headwaters Uplands

Estuaries Nearshore Marine

Ocean Summary Threat Rating

Climate Change Medium Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High Very High

Invasive Species: plants

Medium Medium High High High Very High Very High Very High

Harvest - fish Medium Medium Very High Very High Very High Very High

Past poor logging practices

High High High Very High Very High High Very High

Oil spills High Very High Very High Very High

Residential and Commercial Development

Medium High Medium Very High High High Medium Very High

Low dissolved oxygen zones

Very High High

Columbia river sand starvation/Dredging

Very High High

Stormwater Pollution High Medium High High

Dredging/Filling Medium Very High High

Wastewater High High Medium High

WA Coast Regional Salmon Action PlanVersion: 2010-10-11Threat Ratings – Summary Table

Critical Threats to Salmon Sustainabilityin the Coast Region

Climate ChangeInvasive SpeciesHarvest and Inappropriate Hatchery ManagementPoor Logging Practices (past and current)Oil SpillsResidential and Commercial DevelopmentDredging/FillingRemoval and/or Lack of Large Woody DebrisShoreline Modification

(levees, dikes, armoring, bulkheads, docks)Poor Agricultural PracticesRoads and Related Transportation Infrastructure/

Culverts and Bridges

Negative contributing factorsWhich are the most relevant factors (specific practices, stakeholders, incentives and motivations) contributing to critical threats?

Positive contributing factorsAre there any relevant opportunities (specific practices, stakeholders, incentive and motivations) which contribute to a solution?

Key intervention points for ALLWhich are the key intervention points where we should focus our attention on to contribute to a significant change in the overall situation?

Information gaps and research needsAre there any important areas of uncertainty in our diagram?

Proposed strategiesWhich are the general lines of action (broad based course of action or high-level strategic themes) we think will significantly contribute to Salmonid Restoration in the Washington Coast Region?

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER FOR SITUATION ANALYSIS DEVELOPMENT

Strategies WorkshopNovember 3 and 4, 2010Ocean Shores Shilo Inn

Washington Coast Regional Salmon PlanConceptual Model

26 Specific Strategies Consolidated Into Five Categories

1. Educate the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

2. Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function

3. Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices that areCompatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability

4. Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

5. Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve SalmonSustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impedimentsand Gaps in Current Regulations

Educate the Community to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function

Support Hatchery and Harvest Practicesthat are Compatible with Wild Salmon

Sustainability

Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore and Maintain Ecosystem Values

Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations

Next Steps:

Focused Strategy Work Groups

Tuesday, February 8Educating the Community to Protect, Restore and

Maintain Ecosystem Values

Wednesday, February 9Restore and Protect Salmonid Habitat Function

Monday, February 14Support Hatchery and Harvest Practices that are

Compatible with Wild Salmon Sustainability

Thursday, February 17Use Economic Tools to Protect, Restore

and Maintain Ecosystem Values

Wednesday, February 23Improve Regulatory Effectiveness to Achieve Salmon Sustainability by Identifying Conflicts, Impediments and Gaps in Current Regulations

Conservation Action

Planning



Measures


Measures


Work Groups:

• Further Detail and Define Strategies• Develop Specific Actions• Evaluate Existing Capacity

and Needed Resources• Linking Strategies to

Outcomes and Results

April - WCSSP Board Approve Draft for Release

Early May – Presentation of Plan for Public Comment

Late May – Incorporate Public Comment and Present to Salmon Recovery Funding Board

“Implementation Team”

• Phasing• Funding• Monitoring Strategy Effectiveness• Adaptive Management

Regional Salmon PlanTHANK YOU

regional salmon plan

Documents

coho chinook

salmon viability

regional salmon plan

steelhead fw phenotype

coast region salmon

cutthroatadult migrationchum

wild fish conservancy

mean annual flow