regular and irregular plural nouns.pdf
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Understanding and Using English Grammar.TRANSCRIPT
REGULAR AND I RREGULAR REGULAR AND I RREGULAR PLURAL NOUNSPLURAL NOUNSPLURAL NOUNSPLURAL NOUNS
By: Dr. Shadia Y. Banjar http://www.kau.edu.sa/SBANJER http:/ /wwwdrshadiabanjar.blogspot.com
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FORM
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(Add –s to the end of noun)The plural of most nouns is formed by adding final –s.The plural of most nouns is formed by adding final –s.
cup cupsstudent studentssong songssong songs
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Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
table girl
(Add –s to the end of noun)
girlsstabless
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Add –esto a singular noun that ends with s, z , x, ch, or sh.ends with s, z , x, ch, or sh.
glass glassesglass glasses
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Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
fox foxes
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Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
lunch lunches
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Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
dish dishes
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If a noun ends in a consonant + -y, change the y to an i and add –es.change the y to an i and add –es.
babyy babiesiesbabyy babiesies
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Some nouns end in -o need –es to form the plural.
Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
Some nouns end in -o need –es to form the plural.
tomatoo tomatoeses potatpotatoo potatoeses
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Some nouns end in -o need only –s to form the plural.
Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
photphotoo photoeses
Some nouns end in -o need only –s to form the plural.
kangaroosskangarokangarooophotphotoo photoeses kangaroosskangarokangarooo
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Some nouns end in –f/ -fe are
Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
kniknifefe kniveses
Some nouns end in –f/ -fe are changed to –ves to form the plural.
thievessthiethieffkniknifefe kniveses thievessthiethieff
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Some nouns end in -f simply need
Plural (nouns)Plural (nouns)
roofss
Some nouns end in -f simply need only –s to form the plural.
roorooff roofss
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Pronunciation of pluralsPronunciation of plurals(s / (s / eses))A. Final –sis pronounced / z/ after voiced soundsA. Final –sis pronounced / z/ after voiced sounds
(taxicabs, beds, dogs, balls, years, days, boys, trees, etc.)
B. Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless soundsB. Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds(books, cups, groups, cats, students, desks, etc.)
C. Final –s, es is pronounced / ez/C. Final –s, es is pronounced / ez/after “s” sounds (classes, horses, boxes, faces)after “z” sounds (sizes, roses, noises)after “z” sounds (sizes, roses, noises)after “sh” sounds (dishes, bushes)after “ch” sounds (matches, sandwiches)after “ge/ dge” sounds (pages, ages, bridges, edges)after “ge/ dge” sounds (pages, ages, bridges, edges)
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Some nouns have irregular plural forms that do not end in -s.
childchild
children
oxen
children
oxox
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• Man men• Woman women• Woman women• Child children• Ox Oxen• Foot feet• Foot feet• Mouse mice• Tooth teeth• Fish fish• _____ people(is always plural) (no s)
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(is always plural) (no s)
Some nouns have the same singular and plural forms.singular and plural forms.
Two fish
One sheepOne sheep One fishOne fish
Two sheep
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Some nouns that English has borrowed from other languages borrowed from other languages
have foreign plurals.
criterion criteriacriterion criteriacriterion criteriacriterion criteriafungus fungifungus fungivertebra vertebraevertebra vertebraevertebra vertebraevertebra vertebraeappendix appendices/ appendixes appendix appendices/ appendixes analysis analyses analysis analyses medium mediamedium media
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