regulation of adaptive immunity mechanisms · 2017. 2. 23. · - adaptive immunity – specific...
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Regulation of adaptive immunity
mechanisms
Imunology 8
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What if it does not work
Self and not self
- autoimunity
Regulation
- hypersensitivity
- anergy
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Imunity system
• Protection foreign structures (antigens) - infections,
• Discrimination and recognition of self and foreign structures, tolerance – tumor, autotimunity,
• Regulation (autoregulation) – anergiy, alergy, hypersensitivity
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So if it does not work Discrimination self and foreign
- Inborn immunity – nonspecific receptors- recognise foreign molecules of pathogens
- Adaptive immunity – specific receptors – randomly generated also against self molecules: elimination of autoreacting cells.
Escape from elimination (autoimunity)
- Molecules that were not present during the selection of receptors in thymus
- Those that arise later in the life – post adolescence
- Restriction in immunologically not reachable anatomical places
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Regulation – without regulation it does not work –
tolerance
- Rejection of foreign molecules we are exposed
generally (food, drinks, cosmetics, drugs....)
- Epitopes we are exposed rarely (interactions, in
utero)
Autoreactive lymphocytes
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Tolerance
• Imuniy – system to eliminate external threats
• Positive (molecules MHC I and II) and negative (not against self)
• Thymocytes, that do not match the selection – apoptosis
• Some autoreactive T lymfocytes escape selection = > adaptive mechanisms how to escape autoreactivity
• Tolerance – selective non responsevness – after recognition of self, immunity starts non-destructive strategy
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Mechanisms to minimise
damages from autoreactive cells
• ANERGY
• CD152
• REGULATION T CELLS
- CD4 Treg
- CD8 Tsupresspr
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Anergy
• Non responsevness of ly after exposition to - pMHC (T bb) or free antigen (B bb) = first signal - not existence of the second signal form APC resp. CD4
• Anergy is a form of regulation of activation of naive T and B cells.
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What is the reason of
T cell anergy
• All cells with the nucleus have
MHC I and present self peptides
• Naive CD8 T cells specific for self antigens bound
to pMHC I could be recognised and activated (1st
signal) by the complex on any self cell and
eliminate it
• The need of the 2nd signal from APC minimises
the risk of selfactivation. (Example- activation of
CD8 during viral infection cntr. Activation by self
antigen)
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CD152 role in anergy CD28 onT cell bind with CD80 or
CD86, what are costimulating
molecules on APC
• pMHC + CD28+CD80/86 = IL2 + IL2receptor
• 1st signal + 2nd signal = activation:
CD152 in the Golgi app. migrates to
the cell membrane, bind on
CD80/86 with 100 times stronger
avidity => inhibtion of IL2
production, stop the cell life cycle
activated T cells are inhibited if
they are not needed
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Th1/Th2
• Production of cytokíns minimalise
unwanted reactions
• Th1- producese IFg – inhibition of maturity
of TH0 to TH2 - CMI
• Th2 – produces IL4 – inhibits maturation of
TH0 na TH1- Humoral imunity
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