Regulation of female monthly rhythm

Dr. Sadaf Mumtaz08-02-11

Plasma concentration of gonadotropins and ovarian hormones

Synthesis of estrogens and progesterone

Functions of estrogens

• Uterus and external female sex organs• Fallopian tubes• Breasts• Skeleton

– Osteoporosis• Protein deposition• Body metabolism and fat deposition• Hair distribution• Skin• Electrolyte Balance

Functions of Progesterone

• Uterus

• Fallopian tubes

• Breasts

Intermittent, pulsatile secretion of GnRH by hypothalamus stimulates pulsatile release of LH from anterior pituitary gland

Negative feedback effects of estrogens and progesterone in decreasing both LH and FSH secretion

Negative feedback effects of estrogens and progesterone in decreasing both LH and FSH secretion

Anovulatory cycles

• Preovulatory surge of LH is not of sufficient magnitude, ovulation will not occur– Failure of development of corpus luteum– The cycle is shortened by several days but

the rhythm continues

Puberty and Menopause

Female Fertility

1. Blockage of Sperm transport to the Ovum

Rhythm methodCoitus interruptusChemical contraceptivesBarrier methodsSterilization

2. Prevention of OvulationOral contraceptives or birth control pillsLong acting subcutaneous implantations

3. Blockage of implantationIUCD’sMorning after pills

• Contraception– Refers to the process of avoiding pregnancy while engaging in

sexual intercourse

Female Sterility

• Hyposecretion of gonadotrophic hormones– Markers of anovulation

• Progesterone• Temperature

• Endometriosis

• Salpingitis

• Secretion of abnormal mucus– Low grade infection or inflammation– Abnormal hormonal stimulation of cervix

Thankyou