regulatory test system for wireless devices · ts8997 - regulatory test system for wireless devices...

Regulatory Test System for Wireless Devices

Normative requirements and test cases when

operating in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz ISM bands

R&S TS8997 Wireless Testing Solution

TS8997 - Regulatory Test System for Wireless Devices 2

Examples of wireless equipment


Why is Regulation necessary?

Regulation

radiated electromagnetic waves as Radio Frequencies

are limited natural resources

therefore usually the usage of electromagnetic waves

is right of the state

governmental

applicationscivil applications

ITU regulates all frequencies from 9 kHz to 400 GHz


The role of ISM Bands

Intended emissions• Radio communication

• Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) equipment ISM

Unintended emissions

• household appliances, electric tools, electrical lighting, automotive, information and telecommunication technology, and multimedia equipment, radio and TV receivers EMI

EU Directive 2014/53/EU


RED


Data transmission equipment operating in the

2.4 GHz ISM band 5 GHz high performance RLAN

ETSI EN 300 328

Test Cases


RF output power

Duty cycle, Tx-sequence, Tx-gap

Accumulated Transit Time, Frequency Occupation and Hopping Sequence

Hopping Frequency Separation

Medium Utilization (MU) factor

Adaptivity

Occupied Channel Bandwidth

Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain

Transmitter unwanted emissions in the spurious domain

Receiver spurious emissions

Receiver Blocking

Geo-location capacity

ETSI EN 301 893

Test Cases


Center Frequencies

Nominal Channel Bandwidth and occupied Channel Bandwidth

RF output power, Transit Power Control (TPC) and power density

Transmitter unwanted transmissions

Receiver spurious transmissions

Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS)

Adaptivity

Receiver Blocking

User Access Restriction

Geo-location capacity

Declaration of Conformity

10

Applied harmonized standards

and or other technical specifications

Who declares?

What item?

Identification of the apparatus

..in conformity with directive……2014/35/EU (=LVD)2014/53/EU (=RED)

Notified Body (NB) involved in

conformity assessment

2014/30/EU (=EMCD)

Applicable for radio equipment: NB must be involved if the harmonized standard used

is not referring to art. 3.2 of 2014/53/EU, if no harmonized standard is used, if test methods are changed, etc.

The manufacturer can do the conformity assessment without NB, if in every respect a harmonized standard with

referrence to RED can be applied.

From June 13, 2017 no reference to R&TTE any more!

TS8997 - Regulatory Test System for Wireless Devices

RF Output Power

ı a fast power sensor suitable for 2.4 GHz and capable of 1 MS/s must be used.

ı The measurement duration is defined for both non-adaptive and adaptive equipment, in order to

improve accuracy. While either the radiated or conducted measurement method can be used,

they all need to follow similar data acquisition steps to obtain the results. For conducted

measurement on devices with one transmit chain sample the transmit signal, and store the

raw data

For conducted measurements on devices with multiple transmit chains measurements

need to be made at all transmit ports simultaneously, and the power of the individual samples

of all ports needs to be stored and summed.

For radiated measurements, the DUT must be configured and antenna(s) positioned for

maximum e.i.r.p. levels towards the measuring antenna, including smart antenna systems and

systems capable of beam forming. The fast power sensor is also required for the

measurement; a spectrum analyzer should not be used.



ı shall only be performed for non-adaptive equipment

ı For each burst calculate the product of (Pburst / 100 mW) and the TxOn time. Pburst is expressed

in mW. TxOn time is expressed in ms

MU = (P / 100 mW) × DC

ı Medium Utilization is the sum of all these products divided by the observation period (expressed

in ms). This value, which shall comply with the limit shall be recorded in the test report.

ı If operation without blacklisted frequencies is not possible, the power of the bursts on

blacklisted hopping frequencies (for the calculation of the Medium Utilization) is assumed to be

equal to the average value of the RMS power of the bursts on all active hopping frequencies.



ı shall only be performed for non-adaptive equipment

ı The start and stop times are defined as the points where the power is at least 30 dB below the

highest value of the stored samples

ı The observation period is equal to ‘the average dwell time multiplied by 100’ or ‘the average

dwell time multiplied by 2 times the number of hopping sequences (N)’ (whichever is greater)

ı Duty Cycle (DC) is the sum of all TxOn times between the end of the first gap (which is the start

of the first burst within the observation period) and the start of the last burst (within this

observation period) divided by the observation period

ı For equipment using blacklisting, the TxOn time measured for a single (and active) hopping

frequency shall be multiplied by the number of blacklisted frequencies. This value shall be

added to the sum calculated above.

ı For non-adaptive FHSS equipment, the Duty Cycle shall be equal to or less than the maximum

value declared by the manufacturer. In addition, the maximum Tx-sequence time shall be 5 ms

while the minimum Tx-gap time shall be 5 ms.


Power spectral density

ı Connect the DUT to the spectrum analyzer and use the specified settings

ı Repeat the measurement for each of the transmit ports. For each sampling point (frequency

domain), add up the coincident power values (in mW) for the different transmit chains and use

this as the new data set

ı Add up the values for power for all the samples in the file using the formula below:

𝑃𝑆𝑢𝑚 = σ𝑛=1𝑘 𝑃𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑛

with k being the total number of samples and n the actual sample number

ı Normalize the individual values for power (in dBm) so that the sum is equal to the RF Output

Power (e.i.r.p.) measured before

ı Starting from the first sample PSamplecorr(n) (lowest frequency), add up the power (in mW) of

the following samples representing a 1 MHz segment and record the results for power and

position (i.e. sample #1 to sample #100). This is the Power Spectral Density (e.i.r.p.) for the first

1 MHz segment which shall be recorded.


Power spectral density


Accumulated Transit Time, Frequency Occupation and Hopping

Sequenceı The output of the transmitter shall be connected to a spectrum analyzer or equivalent. The

analyzer shall be set as specified.

ı Identify the data points related to the frequency being investigated by applying a threshold

ı Count the number of data points identified as resulting from transmissions on the frequency

being investigated and multiply this number by the time difference between two consecutive

data points

ı The result is the Accumulated Transmit Time which shall comply with the limit and which shall

be recorded in the test report

ı Complying with the Frequency Occupation requirement:

Make the following changes on the analyzer and repeat the steps

Sweep time: 4 × Dwell Time × Actual number of hopping frequencies in use

Example : 4 x 10ms x 830 = 33.2s, with 32000 sweep points of the analyzer the

resolution is < 1ms, bursts may be 100µs or less HD measurement required



ı Standard gives two options

ı The output of the transmitter shall be connected to a spectrum analyzer or equivalent. The

analyzer shall be set as specified.

ı Use the marker function of the analyzer to define the frequencies corresponding to the lower -

20 dBr point and the upper -20 dBr point for both hopping frequencies F1 and F2. This will result

in F1L and F1H for hopping frequency F1 and in F2L and F2H for hopping frequency F2. These

values shall be recorded in the report

ı Calculate the center frequencies F1C and F2C for both hopping frequencies using the formulas

below. These values shall be recorded in the report

𝐹1𝑐 =𝐹1𝐿+𝐹1𝐻

2𝐹2𝑐 =

𝐹2𝐿+𝐹2𝐻

2

ı Calculate the Hopping Frequency Separation (FHS) using the formula below. This value shall

be recorded in the report

𝐹𝐻𝑆 = 𝐹2𝐶 − 𝐹1𝐶



ı Compare the measured Hopping Frequency Separation with the limit defined. In addition, for

non-Adaptive Frequency Hopping equipment, the Hopping Frequency Separation shall be equal

to or greater than the Occupied Channel Bandwidth

FHS ≥ Occupied Channel Bandwidth


Adaptivity

ı The DUT shall connect to a companion device during the test. The interference signal

generator, the unwanted signal generator, the spectrum analyzer, the DUT and the companion

device are connected using a set-up equivalent to the example given below


Adaptivity


Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domainı This measurement is performed by using the Time Domain Power Measurement function on a

spectrum analyzer

ı The measurement detector is set for RMS, and at least 5000 sweep points are required. The

measurement frequency range depends on the DUT’s Operating Bandwidth

ı With a Resolution Bandwidth of 1 MHz and SPAN set to 0 Hz, the Time Domain Power

measurement needs to be repeated at each center frequency that is 1MHz from the edge of

each defined ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band frequency range

ı Similar to the RF output power measurement, the declared antenna assembly gain “G” in dBi

must be added to the results for each of the 1 MHz segments

ı For equipment with multiple transmit chains, the measurements need to be repeated for each of

the active transmit chains. The highest value in each 1 MHz segment is the highest transmitter

spurious emissions in the OOB domain

ı Final measurement in time domain power means setting markers to start and end of each

individual burst and evaluate it

ı Example: 20MHz WIFI 240 measurements with several bursts in each measurement


Transmitter unwanted emissions in the out-of-band domain



ı In a first step a pre-scan is performed to identify the emissions over the range 30 MHz to

1000 MHz and over the range 1GHz to 12,75GHz

ı After that the individual unwanted emissions identified during the pre-scan measurements are

accurately measured. This method assumes the spectrum analyzer has a Time Domain Power

function

ı Set a window where the start and stop indicators match the start and end of the burst with the

highest level and record the value of the power measured within this window. If the spurious

emission to be measured is a continuous transmission, the measurement window shall be set to

match the start and stop times of the sweep

ı The value shall be compared to the defined limits


Receiver spurious emissions

ı In a first step a pre-scan is performed to identify the emissions over the range 30 MHz to

1000 MHz and over the range 1GHz to 12,75GHz

ı After that the individual unwanted emissions identified during the pre-scan measurements are

accurately measured. This method assumes the spectrum analyzer has a Time Domain Power

function.

ı Set a window where the start and stop indicators match the start and end of the burst with the

highest level and record the value of the power measured within this window. If the spurious

emission to be measured is a continuous transmission, the measurement window shall be set to

match the start and stop times of the sweep

ı The value shall be compared to the defined limits


Receiver blockingı Measurement requirement may provide the biggest challenge for compliance. Since this testing

is a new requirement most equipment and manufacturers do not have readily available test

setup and firmware to support this testing.

ı To properly exercise and evaluate this testing customers must be able to monitor Packet Error

Rate (PER), ideally conducted through the antenna port, on all data rates / modes of operation.


Receiver blocking

ı For non-frequency hopping equipment, the UUT shall be set to the lowest operating channel

ı The blocking signal generator is set to the first frequency as defined in the appropriate table

corresponding to the receiver category and type of equipment

ı With the blocking signal generator switched off, a communication link is established between

the DUT and the associated companion device using the shown test setup.

ı The attenuation of the variable attenuator shall be increased in 1 dB steps to a value at which

the minimum performance criteria as specified is still met. The resulting level for the wanted

signal at the input of the DUT is Pmin. This signal level (Pmin) is increased by the value provided

in the table corresponding to the receiver category and type of equipment

ı The blocking signal at the DUT is set to the level provided corresponding to the receiver

category and type of equipment. It shall be verified and recorded in the test report that the

performance criteria is met

ı Repeat for each remaining combination of frequency and level for the blocking signal


Channel Access Mechanism


Media Access


Measurement Quality


Manufacturers’ responsibilities

under the REDV1.9.1 weglassen



OSP-B157WX

Spectrum Analyzer

Signal Generator

Vector Signal Generator

System Design: Overview

WMS32 &

EMC32-K97x

Software and Controller

OSP-B157W

Wideband Radio Communication Tester


TS8997 new Module OSP-B157W(X) coming soon

New: OSP-B157W

New standard releases require more complex

hardware solution !


New: OSP-B157WX

The OSP-B157WX module is a 8 channel switch unit used

for frequency extension up to 40 GHz of the OSP-B157W

module. It could either feed through the signals to the

OSP-B157W or guide single ports to a signal analyzer. A

companion device to maintain a connection could be

connected. An internal directional coupler is used to add

the companion signal to the switched path.


OSP-B157W & OSP-B157WX together is a dream team!

ı 8 × 8 MIMO support • ETSI standard requires simultaneous measurement

• Up to 8 ports can be measured simultaneously

ı High resolution measurements (100 Mio sweep points)• Full support even beyond the standard’s requirements

ı higher RF power meter sampling rates (up to 10 MS)• Full support of FCC standard

• More efficient and faster measurement times

ı 40GHz extension available (OSP-B157WX)• Fully automated out-of-band test cases

• Required for RED receiver test (§15.407)

• Required for EN 301 893

ı Integrated step attenuators (DUT & companion port)• 10 automated step attenuators integrated

• 0,5 dB step resolution

• Compact design, fits into OSP120 housing

ı Measurement comfort • All required accessories integrated

• Power meter and analyzer can run simultaneously

• Time saving and high comfort

ı Solid state technology on PCB • Good value for money

• Small dimensions


regulatory test system for wireless devices · ts8997 - regulatory test system for wireless devices...

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