regulatory update - energy efficiency measures for ......energy efficiency measures for...
TRANSCRIPT
Regulatory update -
energy efficiency measures for
international shipping
Dr Edmund Hughes Marine Environment Division
13th March 2014
TARGETS workshop BIS, London, UK
International Maritime Organization Ø The IMO Convention adopted in
1948 and IMO first met in 1959 Ø A specialized agency of the UN Ø 170 Member States Ø Develop and maintain a
comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping
Ø Safety, environment, legal matters, technical co-operation, security and the efficiency of shipping
Safe, secure and efficient shipping on cleaner oceans
Shipping is growing Transports: § Food, energy, raw materials and finished products § Around 80 % of global trade by volume
Total volume of goods loaded worldwide in 2007: 8.7 billion tonnes (UNCTAD 2013 9.2 billion tonnes)
Source: Royal Academy of Engineering, Future Ship powering options, Exploring alternative methods of ship propulsion, July 2013
1. World economy / trade volumes
2. Economics of shipbuilding / ship operation
3. Changes to trades / types of vessels needed
4. Cost of fuel / energy efficiency
5. Regulatory drivers e.g. emission limits
6. Scrutiny by stakeholders e.g., carbon footprint
Economic drivers for shipping
Efficiency of shipping
Source: International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), Long-term potential for increased shipping efficiency through the adoption of industry-leading practices, Wang & Lutsey, 2013
Efficiency of shipping
The Triple-Es will be able to move a tonne of cargo
184km using one kilowatt-hour of
energy, the same amount of energy, a
Boeing 747 can transport a tonne of
cargo 0.5km
IMO work to address GHG
emissions from international
shipping
IMO Resolution A.963(23)
Technical Mainly applicable to new ships - EEDI
Operational Applicable to all ships in operation – SEEMP (EEOI – voluntary)
Market-based Measures (MBM) carbon price, incentive, may generate funds - suspended at MEPC 65 (May 2013)
Ø IMO Policies and Practices Related to the Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships, adopted by Assembly 23 in December 2003
Ø 2nd IMO GHG study 2009 – estimated international shipping as being responsible for 3% of anthropogenic CO2 emissions
Ø IMOs work to address GHG emissions has investigated three distinct routes:
Potential energy efficiency improvements
Source: ICCT, 2013
Economics of energy efficiency improvements
ICCT (2011) “Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships”
EEDI – definition
speed shipCapacityfactor emission COnconsumptio fuelPower
society to Benefittenvironmen to ImpactEEDI 2
×
××==
(transportation work)
Ø The EEDI is likely to promote innovation at the design stage of ships for a reduction of their energy consumption at full load
Ø The EEDI is applicable to ship types responsible for 71%* of CO2 emissions from international shipping
3.944
0.000
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
EED
I (g/
t*nm
)
Deadweight (t) (*1000)
Energy Efficiency Design Index
Attained EEDI
Phase 0 (Base line)
Phase 1 (2015-2019)
Phase 2 (2020-2024)
Phase 3 (2025 and onwards)
EEDI – applicable ship types
Attained EEDI: For ships over 400 GT: § Bulk carrier § Gas carrier § Tanker § Container ship § General cargo ship § Refrigerated cargo carrier § Combination carrier § Passenger ships § Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier) § Ro-ro cargo ship § Ro-ro passenger ship § LNG Carrier* § Cruise passenger ship having non-conventional propulsion*
Required EEDI: For ships above a given size (regulation 21, Table 1):
§ Bulk carrier § Gas carrier § Tanker § Container ship § General cargo ship § Refrigerated cargo carrier § Combination carrier § Ro-ro cargo ship (vehicle carrier)* § Ro-ro cargo ship* § Ro-ro passenger ship* § LNG carrier* § Cruise passenger ship having non-conventional propulsion*
* MEPC 66 will consider, with a view to adoption, draft amendments to MARPOL Annex VI to add these ship types to regulation 20 and 21 respectively
Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan
SEEMP – operational management tool to include: Ø All ships 400 gross tonnage and above
Ø Improved voyage planning (Weather routeing/Just in time arrival at port)
Ø Speed and power optimization
Ø Optimized ship handling (ballast/trim/use of rudder and autopilot)
Ø Improved fleet management
Ø Improved cargo handling
Ø Energy management
Ø Monitoring tools
Ø EEOI (MEPC.1/Circ.684)
Energy efficiency of existing ships Ø US proposal considered by MEPC 65 (May 2013) with phased
approach to implementation with data collection initial focus as a basis of future technical work (MEPC 65/4/19)
Ø MEPC 65 considered some options for technical and operational measures (MEPC 65/4/30) and additional information and comment was provided (MEPC 65/4/34, MEPC 65/4/35, MEPC 65/INF.3/Rev.1)
Ø MEPC 65 requested further submissions to MEPC 66 (March 2014)
Ø For example, MEPC 66/4/3 (ICS) document recommends mandatory monitoring and reporting from international shipping – fuel consumption & distance travelled
Ø MEPC 66 to consider several other documents focusing on data collection, and the key elements for developing a data collection system, metrics and implementation, especially by developing countries
Ø Data – which ships, when reported, data collection
method, how reported, data “holder”, confidentiality Ø Administrative burden – ship, company, flag, IMO Ø Application
Ø tonnage threshold? 400GT…5000GT Ø voluntary or mandatory
Ø Ship energy efficiency Ø Transport work? Ø Reference level – EEOI? Time period?
Key issues for data collection
Energy efficiency metric
Ø Transportation Work? Ø Tonne-mile (EEDI metric for transport work) Ø Distance travelled Ø Service Days Ø Joules of energy used Ø DWT/GT/PAX/TEU
Ø Different for ship types?
Ø Ballast voyages?
Ø MEPC 66 to consider (April 2014)
IMO work going forward
Ø Update study for GHG emissions estimate from international shipping – due to be finalized in 2014
Ø EEDI phase 1 review in 2015
Ø Development of technical and operational measures to enhance energy efficiency from international shipping
Ø Facilitation of transfer of technology - Ad hoc expert working group to consider
Thank you for your attention
For more information please see: www.imo.org