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REIA FOR MANUFACTURING OF EQUIPMENT, STRUCTURES AND VESSELS FOR MARINE AND ENERGY SECTORS- WIL, DAHEJ
DRAFT REPORT
REIA FOR MANUFACTURING OF EQUIPMENT, STRUCTURES AND VESSELS FOR MARINE & ENERGY SECTORS - WIL, DAHEJ
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries ii
Client
Walchandnagar Industries Ltd
Client’s representative
Dr. C. Jankiram
Project REIA for manufacturing of equipment , structures and
vessels for marine and energy sectors- WIL, Dahej
Project No
63800005
Authors
Prakash Dash
Ritu Paliwal
Date
30 April 2010 Approved by
R.R.Patra
2 Draft EIA Report with amendments PKD RPA RRP
1 Draft EIA Report in line with TOR Issued by SEAC PKD RPA RRP
Revision Description By Checked Approved Date
Key words Offshore Fabrication Yard Shipyard REIA Impact Analysis EMP DMP
Classification
Open
Internal
Proprietary
Distribution No of copies
WIL : Dr. Jankiram DHI: Ajay Pradhan
Soft Copy
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries iii
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 General ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope of work for Rapid EIA ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Approach Strategy ......................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Studies Undertaken ....................................................................................................... 3
2 PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION ......................................................................... 4 2.1 General Characteristics of the Area ............................................................................... 4 2.2 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Project Description ........................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1 Details of Raw Material.................................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Details of Yard Facilities ................................................................................................ 7 2.3.3 Onshore Facilities .......................................................................................................... 7 2.3.4 External Road Linkage to Plot Boundary ....................................................................... 9 2.3.5 Power Supply & Distribution .......................................................................................... 9 2.3.6 Water Supply ............................................................................................................... 10
3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTS ..................................................................................... 11 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 11 3.2 Marine Environment .................................................................................................... 11 3.2.1 Marine/Coastal Water Quality ...................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Bed-sediment characteristics....................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 Marine biodiversity ...................................................................................................... 13 3.2.4 Fisheries in the study area .......................................................................................... 16 3.3 Ground water quality ................................................................................................... 17 3.4 Ambient air quality ....................................................................................................... 19 3.5 Noise level in the surrounding area ............................................................................. 20 3.6 Coastal Geomorphology .............................................................................................. 21 3.7 Biological Environment ................................................................................................ 22 3.7.1 Terrestrial Environment ............................................................................................... 22 3.7.2 Floral diversity of the study area .................................................................................. 22 3.7.3 Faunal biodiversity of the study area ........................................................................... 27 3.8 Socio-economic status of the core zone ...................................................................... 31
4 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ........................ 33 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 33 4.2 Impacts from Construction Phase ................................................................................ 34 4.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air Environment ............................................................................ 34 4.2.2 Impact on Ambient Noise Environment ........................................................................ 34 4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources ....................................................................................... 35 4.2.4 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment ..................................................................... 36 4.2.5 Impact from solid waste generation ............................................................................ 37 4.2.6 Impact on Local Biological Environment ...................................................................... 37 4.3 Impacts from Operational Phase ................................................................................. 38 4.3.1 Raw material inputs and pollutant outputs in the offshore fabrication yard ................... 39 4.3.2 Impact on ambient Air Environment ............................................................................. 39 4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources ........................................................................................ 40 4.3.4 Impact on water availability ......................................................................................... 40 4.3.5 Impacts due to disposal of waste water ....................................................................... 40 4.3.6 Impact from fabrication activities ................................................................................. 41 4.3.7 Impact on socioeconomic environment ........................................................................ 41
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4.4 Miscellaneous impact .................................................................................................. 41 4.4.1 Impact on fish / fishing ................................................................................................. 41 4.4.2 Impact on public health................................................................................................ 41 4.4.3 Impact due to natural calamities on proposed project and its environmental aspects . 42
5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................. 44 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 44 5.2 Construction phase ..................................................................................................... 44 5.2.1 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 45 5.2.2 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 45 5.2.3 Solid Waste ................................................................................................................. 45 5.2.4 Noise ........................................................................................................................... 46 5.2.4 Health .......................................................................................................................... 46 5.3 Operation phase .......................................................................................................... 46 5.3.1 Air Environment ........................................................................................................... 46 5.3.2 Water Environment ...................................................................................................... 49 5.3.3 Solid Waste Management ........................................................................................... 52 5.3.4 Noise environment ...................................................................................................... 53 5.4 EMP for greenbelt development ................................................................................. 54 5.4.1 Selection of plants for green belts ............................................................................... 54 5.4.2 Plantation along road sides ......................................................................................... 55 5.5 EMP for material storage and handling ........................................................................ 56 5.6 EMP for Odour ............................................................................................................ 56 5.7 Health & Saftey ........................................................................................................... 58 5.8 EMP for Energy conservation ...................................................................................... 60 5.9 Environmental cell ....................................................................................................... 61 5.10 Post -project environment monitoring .......................................................................... 62 5.11 Employee training ........................................................................................................ 63 5.12 Corporate Social Responsibility plan ........................................................................... 64
6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................. 66 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 66 6.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................... 66 6.3 Type of hazards........................................................................................................... 66 6.4 Level of accident ......................................................................................................... 67 6.5 Disaster management plan .......................................................................................... 67 6.6 Cyclone ....................................................................................................................... 68 6.7 Seismic events ............................................................................................................ 68 6.8 Information .................................................................................................................. 69 6.9 Warning and communication ....................................................................................... 69 6.10 Emergency cell ............................................................................................................ 70 6.11 Fire safety plan ............................................................................................................ 72 6.12 First-aid programme .................................................................................................... 73 The basic elements for a first-aid program at the workplace ........................................ 73
7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................. 76 7.1 General ....................................................................................................................... 76 7.2 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 76
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries I
Executive Summary
Walchandnagar Industries Limited (WIL) has completed 100 years of engineering excellence
and is predominantly engaged in the manufacture of heavy engineering equipment and
components required for various industries. The main production facilities are located at
Walchandnagar in Maharashtra with some additional facilities at Satara and Dharwad. In the
past few years, the company has expanded its activities into a number of strategic areas like
aerospace, defence, nuclear power plants etc.
The current project being planned at Dahej would be an extension of the parent facility and
will predominantly focus on the manufacture of heavy equipment, structures and components
for the various segments of business already being pursued by the company. The current
industrial trend reveals that, in future, the size of structures and equipment would increase
phenomenally, requiring waterfront facilities for their erection and transportation to various
destinations. Such a waterfront facility could also then be used for fabrication and loading out
offshore platforms which includes, Jackets, Decks, Manifolds, Equipment packages,
Helidecks etc. The project, therefore, would evolve as a major engineering facility involving
fabrication of heavy structures, machining of high end engineering equipment and
components. Once established, the manufacture may be extended to include sophisticated
surface and sub-surface vessels.
The River Narmada joins the Gulf of Khambhath on its eastern bank at Dahej. The estuarine
region at the mouth as well as the adjoining area is naturally demarcated with large tidal flats.
During low tide, vast stretches of intertidal area are visible in the estuary. Good depths are
available at the mouth of the river but sand bars and shallow patches are more prevalent
inside the river and navigation inside the river is possible only during high tide. The pre-
monsoon period (spring) from April to May. The month of May being the hottest. The south-
west monsoon prevailing from June to September with mainly south-westerly winds and the
post monsoon period (autumn) from October to March with North-easterly winds. The annual
rainfall in the area is approximately 1200 mm, 94% of which occurs in the months of June,
July, August and September.
In order to tap this opportunity and meet the demand, WIL has decided to create a suitable
manufacturing and assembling facility that will primarily cater to the following markets:
• Offshore Platforms and Structures
• Onshore Drilling Rigs & Offshore Derricks
• Heavy Engineering items required by various industries
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• Components for Power Generation Plants.
• Components for Heavy Duty Boilers and other such machinery
• Testing Equipments related to Energy Sector
• Surface and subsurface structures and vessels
a) Barges both driven and self-propelled
b) Subsea manifolds and structures
c) Ocean going vessels.
Location of the proposed facility on the right bank of river Narmada
As described above this is a fabrication unit, thus the main raw material are steel, paints,
primers, solvents, acetylene, oxygen, LPG and HSD for DG sets. The final finished products
are various structures and equipment described in sections above. The details of tonnage of
various raw materials are as follows:
S. No. Item Quantity
i. Steel 28385 tonnes
ii. Paint 1760 cum (in 88 containers of 20 litre capacity each)
iii. Oxygen 9240 cum (in 1320 cylinders)
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iv. Acetylene 1320 cum (in 220 cylinders)
v. LPG 10000 cylinders
vi. HSD 4800 l (2 days supply for DG sets consuming 50 l/hr)
The workshops for manufacturing equipment for Energy sectors and other heavy engineering
projects would be located in plot no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which are continuous and bigger
would house all fabrication shops for offshore structures, offices and other utilities. The
leveled and compacted open fabrication yard will cater to the heavy loads of structures to be
manufactured and movement of heavy duty cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water
tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43 and also in plot no.42. General purpose fabrication
and machining facility would be created in plot no.44. The workshops for manufacturing
equipment for Energy sectors and other heavy engineering projects would be located in plot
no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which are continuous and bigger would house all fabrication shops
for offshore structures, offices and other utilities. The leveled and compacted open fabrication
yard will cater to the heavy loads of structures to be manufactured and movement of heavy
duty cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43 and
also in plot no.42. General purpose fabrication and machining facility would be created in
plot no.44.
Activities will take place in the workshops, under the building and in the open yard. The
operations carried out on the workshop building are gas cutting, welding, machining, milling,
grinding, heat treatment, grit blasting, washing, cleaning etc. Though these operations are not
heavy water consumptive, some indicative water requirement is considered. The water
requirement for the operations being carried out in open yard is almost nil except washing &
cleaning. However some requirements that are considered obvious for workshop of this huge
capacity such as:
• Cooling requirement for machines and electric equipments
• Make up water requirement for generator set and compressors cooling system
• Backwash requirement for air filter cleaning
• Service water requirement for cleaning & washing for the operations in open yard
The water requirement per day is as follows:
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries IV
S. No. Particular Quantity
(KL/day)
A Industrial Water use
i. Make-up water for cooling towers & similar processes 20
ii. Once through cooling for compressors & pumps 20
iii. Process use for washing & cleaning 12
iv. General washing, sanitation & maintenance 8
B Domestic Water Use
i. Food preparation & dish washing area 20
ii. Washing & toilet blocks 12
iii. Security & administrative blocks 10
C Outdoor water use
i. Landscape & gardening requirement 20
ii. Open yard water requirements 10
Approximate leaks in the system 30
Add 10 % excess 16
Total service water requirement 178
E Waste water generation 77
F Amount of Treated waste water 61
G Reuse of Treated water ( For Gardening and Flushing) 40
Net Fresh water Demand 178-40 = 138
Source: As provided by WIL
The water is sourced from GIDC (350 mm diameter pipeline existing water connection in
front of WIL plot). In order to assess the existing health of the Narmada Estuary, along its
coast where the proposed facilities is to be developed, four sampling stations were selected in
the Narmada estuary and one station near the mouth of the Gulf. The analyses results showed
that temperature of water column was in the range of 25-270C during the sampling period.
The pH of the water column of the estuary was found to be slightly acidic to nearly alkaline
and it varies from 6.73 – 7.09. The recorded value of salinity was 19.7- 32.1 ppt. Dissolved
oxygen (DO) content from the surveyed stations varied from 5.3-6.8 mg/L. The concentration
of DO was found to be good as expected because of regular mixing of sea water. The total
Nitrogen level was found to be very high from the analysis and varied from 5.39 to 8.93
mg/L. The phosphate level was varying from 1.42 and 2.05 mg/L. The Ammonia contents
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries V
were found to be in between 1.17 and 2.23. The nitrate level was varied between 1.98 and
2.51 mg/L. From this it can be concluded that there is no shortage of supply of nitrogen,
phosphorous and nitrate in the estuary. TSS value was varying from 587-1052 mg/L.
Published document (GES report on Coastal and Maritime Environments of Gujarat) has also
confirmed that the river Narmada annually carries 50 MT of TSS to the Gulf. Heavy silt load
obviously makes the Gulf water highly turbid with almost zero water column visibility. Bed-
sediments were collected from four locations from the surveyed area. Parameters like pH,
texture and heavy metals chromium, mercury, copper, lead, cadmium, zinc and manganese.
The bed-sediment found to be alkaline in nature. As discussed earlier the texture of the bed-
sediment was silty clay. Heavy metal content was also low. As far as the marine biological
analysis is concerned, the Phytoplankton‟s were represented by six groups. Due to the very
low primary productivity their density was very low. No rare or endangered groups of
phytoplankton were found in the area. Gross primary productivity values ranged from 0.2 to
0.5 gC/m2/day and net primary productivity values ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 g C /m2 /m
2 /d.
The density of the phytoplankton group is very low due to the very low light penetration and
high turbidity. The Zooplankton was also represented by 6 groups. The total density of
zooplankton was also very low. In the case of Zooplankton also, no rare, threatened or
endangered species of zooplankton were found. Diversity and abundance of meiofauna and
benthic macrofauna were very low. No endangered or rare groups are present in the area. No
bivalves were also found. Benthic faunal population in an environment depends on the nature
of the substratum and the organic matter content of the substratum.
Commercial fishing operation takes place only during the monsoon. Other than monsoon no
fishing prevails in the Narmada estuary. A few boats owners reside in nearby villages in
Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Luhara and Suva and they engage themselves in fishing only during
monsoon. The main contribution from this area towards fisheries potential is through the
fishes and crabs. Fish landing centres around the Gulf of Khambhath account for only 2.1%
of the State total- majority of which takes place on its eastern shores. Because of high
suspended load and strong tidal currents no demersal fishery exists in the Gulf. Whatever
fishery is possible is all pelagic. The Gulf serves as the migratory route for the clupeid hilsa
(Tenualosa ilisha) on their way to the Narmada river for breeding and the outward route for
the newly hatched juveniles and some of the adults.
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VI
The SPM level was observed in the monitoring stations ranged between 135.5 μg/m3 and
165.1 μg/m3. Industrial and commercial activities, constructions, movement of heavy trucks
and mostly un-tarred roads are the major sources of generation of SPM around the study area.
Although the surveyed area fall under industrial zone the SPM level observed in these
stations do not even exceed the limits set for the rural /residential zone. RSPM levels were
found ranging from 61.6 to 69.9 μg/m3. This was also found to be within the prescribed
standards for industrial as well as rural and residential zone ( as per earlier MoEF
Notification). The concentration for SO2 were analysed between 18.0 and 30.0 μg/m3. The
NOx level ranged in between 16 μg/m3 and 24μg/m
3. The main source of SO2 and NOx
emission is vehicular & industrial sources.
The study area falls under Biogeographic zone 4 –Semi Arid and in Biotic Province- 4B-
Gujarat Rajputana (Rodger & Panwar,1988). The project site of the proposed project is
located along the northern bank of Narmada estuary off Gulf of Khambhath. Estuary bank
(intertidal) areas are found to be clayeye in nature. Area closer to the project site was almost
barren and brackish water ingressed zone.
Topography of the core zone was characterized by mainly culturable wastelands which are
mostly invaded by Prosopis juliflora a common thorny weed which grows rapidly in this type
of habitat. No natural forest/vegetation was observed in the core zone. About 28 shrubs
belonging to 18 families were enumerated from the study area. Most dominant shrubs in the
core zone and buffer zone were Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera,
and Balanites aegyptiaca.
Surrounding Features in and around the proposed location
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VII
The socioeconomic profile of the study area is collected through questionnaire as well as
from the secondary data available from the 2001 census. There are immediate six villages
with in 5km from the project site, where primary survey was conducted. Villages such as
Dahej, Ambhetha and Lakhigam were found to be peri-urban set up. Dahej is the largest
among them with a population of 3756 of 1551 households. Dahej is followed by Lakhigam
witha population of 3357 from 640 households. Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Vengani and Luhara
are small villages with a population of 1465 (from 346 hh), 1330 (from 293 hh) , 675 ( from
150 hh), 1393 ( from 276) respectively. The nearest town is Bharuch which is district head
quarters fifty km from the proposed site. As far as literacy arte is concerned the average
literacy rate in all these surveyed villages was 60% which is found to be very impressive.
Every village has a primary school and for high education students depend on Dahej. No
college is located in this area. During the survey it was observed that one more high school is
under construction in Jageshwar village. Medical facility does almost not exist in these
villages except at the nearest town Bharuch.
Most of the villagers in the surveyed area are engaged in nearby industries and other petty
jobs. Farming is not considered as a livelihood support system for the villagers fo reasons
like the non availability of land ( most of the lands being sold to GIDC) and not suitable for
farming (lack of irrigation facility and less fertile soil). Although the villages are surrounded
by industries by none other than Reliance Petrochemicals, LNG Petronet, Gujarat Fertilizer
Corporation Limited, ABG Shipyard and other small big units, the socio-economic condition
of the villagers were not found so sound. The basic amenities such as health care, education
and drinking water facility were grossly neglected areas in the study area. Though some of
the industries came forward to solve atleast the drinking water issue in this region is a
commendable effort.
Water , air and noise pollution, accumulations of solid and hazardous waste and point and
non-point pollution can occur simultaneously with the variety of operations that occur at
these facilities. Being a water front project, the maximum impact due to the proposed project
shall be on the marine/coastal environment as stated earlier.
Potential sources of pollution that may impact on water quality in the area include:
i. Soil runoff from the project may lead to off-site contamination (particularly during rainy
season).
ii. Improper disposal of construction debris may lead to off-site contamination of water
resources.
iii. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps.
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries VIII
iv. Discharge of oil/grease/lubricants from the vehicles/construction equipments and
wastewater stream generated from activities such as vehicles washing and maintenance
of equipments.
Fabrication of offshore structures and ship building operate on a job basis. The main
operations envisaged at WIL are cutting, blasting, welding and painting. Oxy-fuel welding
(commonly called oxyacetylene welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-
fuel cutting are processes that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively.
In oxy-fuel cutting, a cutting torch heats the metal and oxygen is trained on it and in result
metal burns and then flows out of the cut (kerf) as an oxide slag. The most commonly used
fuel gases in the process are oxygen, Acetylene, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), propane,
natural gas and hydrogen gas. For the present activity acetylene (non toxic and flammable)
and oxygen will be used. The annual requirement is 16000 oxygen cylinders, 8000 Acetylene
cylinders and about 10000 LPG cylinders for heating (as provided by WIL).
During abrasive blasting stream of abrasive material is forced against a surface under high
pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface, shape a surface, or remove
surface contaminants. Although many abrasives used in blasting booths are not hazardous in
themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron, aluminum oxide , garnet, plastic abrasive and glass
bead), other abrasives (silica sand, copper slag, nickel slag, and staurolite) have varying
degrees of hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). Thus, Sand and copper slag blasting
is not considered for this project.
Spray painting is done to protect metal against the corrosion and also to beautify an object.
Many paints, coatings, catalysts, sealers, hardeners, and solvents contain hazardous
chemicals. Exposure to chemicals can occur during mixing of the coating, spraying the
material, and grinding or sanding it. Symptoms of overexposure to hazardous chemicals
include nausea, rashes, and long term illnesses like asthma, lung cancer, and sensitization
(becoming severely allergic to the paint). Apart from risk to health fire hazard is another
aspects to be looked at in the painting area. WIL will be using only approved lead free paints
and painting will mostly be carried out in enclosed areas using specialized methods.
Apart from the main operation described above, operation of DG sets, vehicles plying on the
road to bring in and out the material and people are other activities with some impacts.
Waste water generated from the project premises contains suspended and dissolved solid,
organic and in organic matter, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous, paints, oil, grease
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries IX
and pathogens. If wastewater is discharged without proper treatment, it would have
significant impact on surrounding environment. A sewage treatment plant is proposed on the
site to treat the effluent generated from the proposed project. The sewage treatment plant
would be designed to meet CPCB norms with respect to the discharge limits. The treated
effluent shall be used for landscaping and flushing.
Similar to the construction phase, the operation phase will also provide opportunities for
employment mostly in the skilled and semi skilled categories. Operation of the proposed
project will also require transportation facilities to the commuters to commute from a nearby
place to the project site and vice versa. This will enhance the income of the people associated
with transport sector. All these activities will need support services like food, housing,
school, medical facility etc. ultimately leading to improvement in quality of life of local
people. Indirectly, other service sectors also stand to benefit and impacts are positive.
Adequate Environmental Management Plan is proposed to maintain the existing status of the
local environment. To arrest the dust pollution to be generated during the site levelling and
reclamation activity is temporary.
• All the internal roads have to be properly surfaced to reduce the fugitive dust due to
vehicular movement.
• Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.
• Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel burning be
restricted.
• Fossil fuel or timber burning will not be permitted in the premises.
• Diesel driven construction machineries shall be properly maintained to minimize the
exhaust emission and noise pollution.
Most of the offshore fabrication structures rely primarily on spraying methods for coating
application. Any activity involving paints, i.e., storage, mixing, coating and spraying may
lead to impacts on human health and environment. Thus, care would be taken to avoid
exposures to workers and spillage or leaks to the environment.
• Store waste paint and other related solvents in covered containers to prevent evaporation to
the atmosphere
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries X
• Use airless or high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns to reduce overspray. Use high
transfer efficiency coating techniques such as brushing and rolling to reduce overspray
shall be also explored.
• Proper ventilation facility and VOCs control provision will be made to avoid any fire or
explosion risk. Adequately fabricated spray booths is another option which may be
explored.
• Smoking and other such activity will be prohibited.
• Establish and adhere to “safe” wind directions and speeds for particular facilities.
There is provision of installation of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) within the premises. The
waste water shall be treated in the STP and the treated water shall be reused in landscaping.
No waste water shall be released into the estuary. As far as solid/hazardous wastes are
concerned the steel scraps generated during the offshore fabrication structures should be
collected in scrap yard and dispose off periodically for recycling.
• Empty cans containing, paints, lubricants and oil must be disposed of daily in designated
waste disposal bins.
• All hazardous waste would be transported to Ankleshwar to the waste treatment facility
• With regards to the disposal/treatment of waste, the project authorities shall dispose /treat
the waste as per the prevailing waste handling norms.
Trees are an effective mode of control of air pollution noise pollution, odour problem. Leaves
with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their surface, thus effectively reduce
pollutant concentration in the ambient air. Often the adsorbed pollutants are incorporated in
the metabolic pathway and the air is purified. Plants grown to function as pollution sink are
collectively referred as greenbelts.
Odour can be reduced by developing green belt. Plants which counteract odour are
• Bushes with mild but active fragrance.
• Acacia sp: It is a type of bush with yellow coloured fragrant flowers. It does not have rich
canopy but very effective for counteracting smell. Its limitation is seasonality and thorny
nature.
• Melaleuca species: It has sweet fragrance and thin canopy in India.
• Junipers: They have excellent canopy and protection. Its limitation is site specificity.
• Eucalyptus: It can be used as very good belt and can also be used as per odour source. Its
limitation is site specific and the urban neighbourhood.
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• Hedges, Herbs (Tulsi, Turmeric etc.) can also be used for counteracting odour.
• Vetiver : This plant is a king of perfumes for inactivating other odours. It affects the
nervous system and relieves fatigue. It is used as key species in aromatherapy. Other than
these, plants which are used to form green belt include Bamboo, Pongamia pinnata, Neem
and Casuarina etc.
Safety equipment for blasting operators will be:
• Positive pressure blast hood or helmet - The hood or helmet includes a head suspension
system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a view window with
replaceable lens or lens protection and an air feed hose.
• Grade D air supply - The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade D pressurized air
supply. Grade D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the worker from hazardous gases. It
includes a pressure regulator, air filtration and a carbon monoxide alarm.
• Ear protection - ear muffs or ear plugs.
• Body protection - Body protection varies by application but usually consists of gloves and
overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a cordura/canvas blast suit.
• Blasting supervisors have the responsibility to ensure blasting operations and abrasive
materials management are conducted to reduce their environmental impact.
• Those persons responsible for maintaining equipment and machinery required for abrasive
materials management need to be properly trained in those aspects of equipment
performance that effect emissions and productivity.
• Regular health check-ups would be taken up.
• Proper protection should be worn at all times, including to protect the eyes against glare and
flying sparks in welding, cutting and blasting areas.
• Workers shall avoid direct contact with these solvents and should not be using solvents for
cleaning paint from hands or skin. In lieu, use of water-based cleansers for personal cleanup
shall be encouraged.
• Implementation of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical will be made
necessary.
• Workers shall wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety glasses, a
respirator (if medically qualified, properly fit-tested, and trained), gloves or coveralls to
protect themselves against its hazards.
• Workers shall be encouraged to work in shifts to avoid prolonged exposures.
• Additional protective measures should be taken when stripping lead chromate- or zinc
chromate-based paints.
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• Good housekeeping practise will be implemented.
• All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental aspects related to
their job.
• Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations
• Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.
• Where respirator use is required, the employer must establish a respiratory protection
program. The respiratory protection program addresses procedures for properly selecting
and using respirators in the workplace.
• Appropriate protective clothing and equipment (head coverings, gloves, and foot covering)
will be provided.
• Facilities to ensure that employees comply with basic hygiene practices that serve to
minimize exposure will be provided.
• Change rooms will be provided where employees must change out of their street clothes to
use protective clothing and equipment
• The change rooms will be equipped with separate storage facilities (e.g., lockers) for
protective clothing and equipment and for street clothes, and these facilities must prevent
contamination of street clothes
• Eating and drinking areas and surfaces shall be maintained as far as practicable from any
pollution.
For conservation of energy, following measures shall be adopted.
• Purchase of energy efficient appliances
• Promoting use of renewable energy, wherever possible and viable.
• Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy used for desired
comfort levels
• Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting.
• Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the office/admin buildings
• Promoting awareness on energy conservation within the premises
• Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such opportunities.
Walchandnagar Industries Limited is a well established company with history of over 100
years. In its present location in Maharashtra, WIL is particularly well known for the various
schemes initiated over many years for social upliftment of the society and improving the skill
levels & quality of life of the local populace. In keeping with those traditions, WIL has
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries XIII
already established contacts with the adjoining villages in the new location. All facilities and
amenities provided by other nearby industries have been reviewed. Discussions were held
with the Sarpanches on various possibilities of improving the life of the villagers and
upgrading the skill levels of the younger generation.
In consultation with them, the following areas have been identified for specific attention as
part of the corporate social responsibility scheme of WIL:
1. Providing improved health care system around the locality: This can be in the form of
arranging medical camps as per requirements, providing ambulance for nearby villagers as
required, providing mobile clinic facility etc. The local public health centre will be
augmented with necessary infrastructures in order to provide better local healthcare.
2. Skill Upgradation: WIL will take up necessary study for skill-mapping in the locality and
extend necessary help to develop relevant skills like providing scholarships to willing
students for suitable vocational training. The adequacy of local education system will also
be reviewed and necessary helps like providing modern amenities, tools for education like
computers & AV facilities can be sponsored. WIL will partner with Government in
National Health Programmes like Polio, TB, Malaria etc.
3. Upgradation of sanitation facilities and public utilities: Specific efforts will be taken for
improvement of sanitation facilities particularly in rainy season so as to avoid spread of
diseases like dysentery & other diseases linked with mosquito growth.
4. Repairs of existing internal roads and construction of new roads in nearby villages.
5. Relocation of temple near plot no.42.
6. Supporting afforestation or mangrove farming schemes of the Government.
Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the following
recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as environmental
management approach for the proposed development.
• Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the project area. It is
also recommended that project authority should come forward to contribute/support the
state forest department financially for afforestation in this part of Gujarat.
• This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local villagers. Priority shall
be given to local villagers when it comes to employment. Besides, a multi-specialty
hospital, arrangement for drinking water facility in any of the nearby village and
establishment of a technical institution like ITI in this area are recommended.
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries XIV
• Special scholarships for girl students up to 10th standard and donation of computers to all
the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended. Walchandnagar Industries is
recommended to hire one computer teacher for each school if needed.
• Upgradation of village and main roads should be taken up by the project proponent. Avenue
plantation should be taken up by all the industries around the region which will not only
increase the green cover as but also enhance the aesthetic value.
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries 1
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Walchandnagar Industries Limited (WIL) has completed 100 years of engineering
excellence and is predominantly engaged in the manufacture of heavy engineering
equipment and components required for various industries. The main production
facilities are located at Walchandnagar in Maharashtra with some additional facilities
at Satara and Dharwad. In the past few years, the company has expanded its activities
into a number of strategic areas like aerospace, defence, nuclear power plants etc. In
its traditional construction sector, the company manufactures various structures and
equipment for cement, sugar and power generation plants. The company has recently
entered into the energy sector and started manufacturing structures and equipment for
various oil and gas exploration and production activities.
The current project being planned at Dahej would be an extension of the parent
facility and will predominantly focus on the manufacture of heavy equipment,
structures and components for the various segments of business already being pursued
by the company. The current industrial trend reveals that, in future, the size of
structures and equipment would increase phenomenally, requiring waterfront facilities
for their erection and transportation to various destinations. Such a waterfront facility
could also then be used for fabrication and loading out offshore platforms which
includes, Jackets, Decks, Manifolds, Equipment packages, Helidecks etc. The project,
therefore, would evolve as a major engineering facility involving fabrication of heavy
structures, machining of high end engineering equipment and components. Once
established, the manufacture may be extended to include sophisticated surface and
sub-surface vessels. The location plan of WIL property is shown in Figures 1.1 and
1.2 along with location of other units in the area.
For the above mentioned facility, WIL has acquired 56.74 acres of GIDC land
covering plot nos.38, 42, 43 and 44. GIDC also has assured that a small strip of land
interconnecting plot no.42 and 38 (RS-14) would be acquired by them and handed
over to WIL to meet the waterfront contiguous.
The proposed WIL facility will have its manufacturing and fabrication units in the
acquired plot. The unit also needs to ship out the manufactured structures, equipments
and for this purpose slipway, dock basin and jetty are required. To examine the
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries 2
feasibility of the shipping operation, DHI (India) Water and Environment Private Ltd
has been given the assignment to prepare a pre-feasibility report apart from
conducting the EIA study.
This Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment report is aimed to evaluate the existing
baseline environmental characteristics of the study area, prediction and evaluation of
various environmental impacts due the projects, and suggestion of suitable
Environmental Management Program to mitigate the impacts.
1.2 Scope of work for Rapid EIA
This Rapid Environment Impact assessment (REIA),conceived as a tool to bring
environmental concerns into decision making at the planning stage of this project.
EIA is an attempt to clarify and emphasize, the breadth of the concept of total
environment ie. its Physical, Chemical, Biological and Socio-economic components.
The following components were identified for the EIA
Characterization and benchmarking of existing environmental status of a core
study area covering 10 km radius from the selected site.
Inventory of the activities of the proposed project.
Identification and evaluation of the probable environmental impacts due to the
construction and operation of the workshps and associated facilities on the
existing environmental parameters.
Preparation of an environmental management plan to minimize the adverse
impacts due to the project and formulation of a post -operational monitoring
scheme.
Preparation of a disaster management plan to meet the emergency requirements
during probable disaster.
1.3 Approach Strategy
This report is based on the field monitoring conducted during April- May of 2009.
The baseline environmental aspects of project site and its surrounding areas, as well
as the marine environment in the vicinity of project site was collected to evaluate the
existing environment health of terrestrial and marine environment.
For the Impact assessment study, guideline of Ministry of Environment and Forest,
Government of India notification of 2006 was followed. The basic aim of this study
REIA_Walchandnagar Industries 3
was to generate a scientific baseline data bank of the study area, which is essential
tool for comparative determination of changes in conditions over a period of time
after the completion of the proposed project and also during the operation stage of the
project to evaluate the environmental status.
1.4 Studies Undertaken
The meteorological data collected by establishing a field station in the project site.
Ambient air quality was monitored in the Project site and four surrounding
villages in the study area
Water quality of the marine environment of Narmada estuary evaluated .
Ground water quality was monitored from the surrounding villages.
Sediments were collected from inter tidal zone for physico-chemical and
biological analysis.
Terrestrial flora and fauna of the study region was evaluated
Qualitative and Quantitative evaluation of Phytoplankton and Zooplankton were
done near the project site
Socio Economic inventory were under taken in the surrounding villages
Sound level were monitored in the project site and surrounding villages during
day time and night
Land use and Landscape data of the study region was interpreted by using latest
satellite imaginary.
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 4
2 PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION
2.1 General Characteristics of the Area
The River Narmada joins the Gulf of Khambhath on its eastern bank at Dahej. With
the construction of various dams on the upstream, both in Madhya Pradesh and
Gujarat, the reservoir storages have reduced the peak flows substantially to a level of
1000 to 4000 m3/s, during the monsoon. In the pre-dam scenario, the annual silt
transported by the river was estimated at 70 million m3, which is now reduced to
about 6 to 7 million m3. This reduction in the supply of sediments has probably made
the river morphologically unstable and highly erosive. The instability in flow and
sediment has led to erosion in the upper reach of the estuary, development of several
sand bars in the middle reach and erosion in the lower parts of the estuary.
The estuarine region at the mouth as well as the adjoining area is naturally demarcated
with large tidal flats. During low tide, vast stretches of intertidal area are visible in the
estuary. Good depths are available at the mouth of the river but sand bars and shallow
patches are more prevalent inside the river and navigation inside the river is possible
only during high tide.
Figure 2.1 Location of the proposed facility on the right bank of river Narmada
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 5
Figure 2.2 Close up of the Study area – Right Bank of the Narmada River
Figure 2.3 Surrounding Features in and around the proposed location
2.2 Climate
The climate of this region is governed by its location in the tropics and by the
monsoon. Annually recurring monsoons divide the year in to three seasons as follows:
The pre-monsoon period (spring) from April to May, a time of the year having hot
climate, with the month of May being the hottest
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 6
The south-west monsoon prevailing from June to September with mainly south-
westerly winds and
The post monsoon period (autumn) from October to March with North-easterly
winds.
Rainfall The annual rainfall in the area is approximately 1200 mm, 94% of which occurs in the
months of June, July, August and September.
Temperature January is the coldest month with temperatures reaching 11
0 C. Similarly, the month
of May is hottest with temperatures up to 420 C.
Relative Humidity The average humidity ranges from nearly 83% in August to about 50% in January.
Visibility The general visibility in the area is good. Visibility in the monsoon normally
deteriorates during rains and occasional squalls.
Wind The study of the available data related to wind speed and directions is given in Table
2.1.
Table 2.1 General trends in prevailing wind speed
Duration Predominant Wind Direction Pre-dominant speed - KMPH
October - May NW 13 - 19
June - September SW 30 - 50
* (Source: Indian Meteorological Department)
2.3 Project Description
In order to tap this opportunity and meet the demand, WIL has decided to create a
suitable manufacturing and assembling facility that will primarily cater to the
following markets:
Offshore Platforms and Structures
Onshore Drilling Rigs & Offshore Derricks
Heavy Engineering items required by various industries
Components for Power Generation Plants and other energy sector projects
Components for Heavy Duty Boilers and other such machinery
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 7
Testing Equipments related to Energy Sector
Surface and subsurface structures and vessels
a) Barges both driven and self-propelled
b) Subsea manifolds and structures
c) Ocean going vessels.
2.3.1 Details of Raw Material As described above this is a fabrication unit, thus the main raw material are steel,
paints, primers, solvents, acetylene, oxygen, LPG and HSD for DG sets. The final
finished products are various structures and equipment described in sections above.
The details of tonnage of various raw materials are as follows:
Table 2.2 Details of raw material
S. No. Item Quantity
i. Steel 28385 tonnes
ii. Paint 1760 cum (in 88 containers of 20 litre capacity each)
iii. Oxygen 9240 cum (in 1320 cylinders)
iv. Acetylene 1320 cum (in 220 cylinders)
v. LPG 10000 cylinders
vi. HSD 4800 l (2 days supply for DG sets consuming 50 l/hr)
Source: As provided by WIL
2.3.2 Details of Yard Facilities The overall layout of the fabrication yard as well as marine facilities is shown in
Figure 2.4.
2.3.3 Onshore Facilities The workshops for manufacturing equipment for nuclear power plants and other
heavy engineering projects would be located in plot no.42. Plot no.38 and 43, which
are continuous and bigger would house all fabrication shops for offshore structures,
offices and other utilities. The leveled and compacted open fabrication yard will cater
to the heavy loads of structures to be manufactured and movement of heavy duty
cranes. Infrastructure like sub-station, water tanks etc. will be provided in plot no.43
and also in plot no.42.
General purpose fabrication and machining facility would be created in plot no.44”.
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 8
Figure 2.4 Proposed layout of WIL facility ( Attached sepatrately)
The services and associated facilities required for the proposed workshop and
fabrication yard are listed below:
Security wall, all around the complex (Min. 4 m high).
Grenbelt around the perimeter
Barbed wire fencing on the top of the wall (Min. 2 m)
Security gate and security office on North side on main GIDC Road.
Watch towers/Security post all along the periphery.
All storm water drains and sewerage to be covered with concrete slabs and
connected to the systems as created by GIDC
Street lighting all around (with Solar panels).
High mast lights for illumination at fabrication area and sea front
Electric sub-stations and Transformer inside the premises (with feeder lines from
nearest HT sub-station).
Compressed air line inside the workshop and upto the Jetty.
Freshwater line inside the workshop and upto the Jetty.
Fresh water Overhead tanks to cater to entire complex.
External water supply arrangements.
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 9
Rain water harvesting arrangement.
Compressor Room
Generator & Generator Room.
Pumps and Pump House (Raw water & Fresh Water)
Shore Supply facility at the Jetty for the Ship.
First aid/MI Room.
Workers changing, recreation, rest room.
Canteen.
Wash rooms, toilets, bathrooms, urinals, etc.
Industrial Waste handling/processing area.
Green area & Horticulture.
Housekeeping services and facilities.
2.3.4 External Road Linkage to Plot Boundary Plot 38 shall be connected to GIDC constructed road near its junction point with 18 m
wide ABG power corridor on north side of the plot. Plot 42 shall be directly
connected to GIDC constructed road at the eastern corner of the plot. Plot 44 shall
also be connected to GIDC constructed road at its eastern corner through a small road
passing under the 18 m wide ABG power corridor.
Internal Roads It is proposed to provide the internal peripheral roads in all the plots for the safety and
access requirements to various buildings and yards. The boulevards are placed at
suitable locations in the plots for easy manoeuvring of the vehicles.
2.3.5 Power Supply & Distribution The entire system is power intensive hence requires considerable high tension
electrical power for their operation. Also, electrical power is required for illumination
of fabrication areas, sheds, roads etc., apart from auxiliary services like fire fighting
system and buildings.
The plant will draw the power from the 66 kV Transmission Line of Gujarat State
Electricity Board (GSEB) / Gujarat Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd. (GETCO). This
power is then distributed within the facility through step down substation. The total
installed load and the maximum demand is estimated as 5,313 KW.
In case of power outage the plant will make use of DG sets (2x 250 KVA).
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 10
2.3.6 Water Supply Activities will take place in the workshops, under the building and in the open yard.
The operations carried out on the workshop building are gas cutting, welding,
machining, milling, grinding, heat treatment, grit blasting, washing, cleaning etc.”
Though these operations are not heavy water consumptive, some indicative water
requirement is considered. The water requirement for the operations being carried out
in open yard is almost nil except washing & cleaning. However some requirements
that are considered obvious for workshop of this huge capacity such as:
Cooling requirement for machines and electric equipments
Make up water requirement for generator set and compressors cooling system
Backwash requirement for air filter cleaning
Service water requirement for cleaning & washing for the operations in open yard
The water requirement per day is as follows:
Table 2.3 Water Balance Chart
S. No. Particular Quantity (KL/day)
A Industrial Water use
i. Make-up water for cooling towers & similar processes 20
ii. Once through cooling for compressors & pumps 20
iii. Process use for washing & cleaning 12
iv. General washing, sanitation & maintenance 8
B Domestic Water Use
i. Food preparation & dish washing area 20
ii. Washing & toilet blocks 12
iii. Security & administrative blocks 10
C Outdoor water use
i. Landscape & gardening requirement 20
ii. Open yard water requirements 10
Approximate leaks in the system 30
Add 10 % excess 16
Total service water requirement 178
E Waste water generation 77
F Amount of Treated waste water 61
G Reuse of Treated water ( For Gardening and Flushing) 40
Net Fresh water Demand 178-40 = 138
Source: As provided by WIL
The water is sourced from GIDC (350 mm diameter pipeline existing water
connection in front of WIL plot).
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 11
3 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter describes the existing environmental settings in the study area. The
purposes of describing the environmental settings of the study area are:
To understand the project need and environmental characteristics of the area.
To assess the existing environmental quality, as well as the environmental impacts
of the future developments being studied.
To identify environmentally significant factors or geographical areas that could
preclude any future development.
3.2 Marine Environment
On national and state levels, we have several policies and regulation like Water
(Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, to regulate pollution discharges and
restore water quality of our aquatic resources including the prescription of monitoring
activities. One of the important provisions of the Water Act, 1974, is to maintain and
restore the „wholesomeness‟ of our aquatic resources. Water quality monitoring is one
of the first steps required in the rational development and management of water
resources.
Figure 3.1 Locations of water (W) and bed (BS) samples
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 12
3.2.1 Marine/Coastal Water Quality In order to assess the existing health of the Narmada Estuary, along its coast where
the proposed facilities is to be developed, four sampling stations were selected in the
Narmada estuary and one station near the mouth of the Gulf. The sampling schedule
for the marine water quality and plankton analysis was systematically programmed to
collect samples from the Narmada Estuary, on 16th May 2009.
The analyses results showed that temperature of water column was in the range of 25-
270C during the sampling period (Table 3.1). pH of the water column of the estuary
was found to be slightly acidic to nearly alkaline and it varies from 6.73 – 7.09. The
recorded value of salinity was 19.7-32.1 ppt.Dissolved oxygen (DO) content from the
surveyed stations varied from 5.3-6.8 mg/L. The concentration of DO was found to be
good as expected because of regular mixing of sea water. The total Nitrogen level
was found to be very high from the analysis and varied from 5.39 to 8.93 mg/L. The
phosphate level was varying from 1.42 and 2.05 mg/L. The Ammonia contents were
found to be in between 1.17 and 2.23. The nitrate level was varied between 1.98 and
2.51 mg/L. From this it can be concluded that there is no shortage of supply of
nitrogen , phosphorous and nitrate in the estuary. TSS value was varying from 587-
1052 mg/L. Published document(GES report on Coastal and Maritime Environments
of Gujarat) has also confirmed that the river Narmada annually carries 50 MT of TSS
to the Gulf. Heavy silt load obviously makes the Gulf water highly turbid with almost
zero water column visibility.
Table 3.1 Marine/Coastal water characteristics in the study area
Sl.No Paremeters W1 W2 W3 W4
1 Temperature (0C) 26 26 25 27
2 pH 6.73 6.78 7.09 6.97
3 Salinity in ppt 23.4 32.1 20.6 19.7
4 Total Suspended Solid (mg/lt) 1185 796 515 524
5 Turbidity ( NTU) 692 397 201 346
6 DO (mg/l) 5.3 6.5 6.8 6.6
7 Total Nitrogen(mg/lt) 5.39 7.11 8.93 7.32
8 Phosphates(mg/lt) 1.53 2.05 1.42 1.44
9 Ammonia(mg/lt) 1.17 1.87 2.23 2.01
10 Nitrate-N 1.98 2.51 2.21 2.47
11 Iron(mg/lt) 0.454 0.55 1.115 0.41
12 Lead(mg/lt) 0.268 0.041 3.148 0.085
13 Cadmium(mg/lt) 0.020 0.02 0.018 0.019
14 Cobalt(mg/lt) N.D N.D. N.D. N.D
15 Mercury(mg/lt) 0.181 0.019 0.151 0.169
16 Zinc(mg/lt) 0.12 0.16 N.D. 0.11
17 Copper(mg/lt) 0.074 0.078 0.071 0.065
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3.2.2 Bed-sediment characteristics Bed-sediments were collected from four locations (Figure 3.1) from the surveyed
area. Parameters like pH, texture and heavy metals chromium, mercury, copper, lead,
cadmium, zinc and manganese. The bed-sediment found to be alkaline in nature. As
discussed earlier the texture of the bed-sediment was silty clayey. Heavy metal
content was also low.
Table 3.2 Bed-sediment – Physico-chemical Characteristics
3.2.3 Marine biodiversity Evaluation of biological sensitivity of a potential coastal development site is an
integral part of Environment Impact Assessment study, as the ultimate consequences
of any perturbations in the environment are on marine life. In marine environment,
organisms experience natural stress which varies in magnitude and frequently
depending on the changes in Physico- chemical nature of water mass. Though the
organisms are evolved to with stand such changes within certain limit, they may not
be well adapted to artificial stress especially of a severe short term nature, and this
may affect their capacity to adapt to natural variations. Hence it is necessary to have a
baseline for the state of marine life, which is essential tool for comparative
determination of changes in conditions over a period of time after the completion of
the proposed project and also during the operation stage of the project to evaluate the
environmental status.
A monitoring survey should be inclusive of all target organisms in the marine life. In
this present survey conducted at the site for critical biological variables at different
trophic level was considered.
Parameters
pH
Texture
Fe
(% Dry
wt)
Cr
µg/gm
Hg
µg/gm
Cu
µg/gm
Pb
µg/gm
Cd
µg/gm
Zn
µg/gm
Mn
µg/gm
Bed
sediment- 1
8.0 Silty-
clayey
1.5 1.8 1.44 12.7 126.7 1.2 62.4 239
Bed
sediment-2
7.9 -do- 0.624 1.3 1.01 9.4 47.8 1.1 54.5 239
Bed
sediment-3
8.1 -do- 2.610 3.1 1.82 21.6 196 1.3 57.0 362.6
Bed-
sediment-4
8.0 -do- 2.09 3.1 1.71 25.2 163 1.6 45 422
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Phytoplankton‟s were represented by six groups. Due to the very low primary
productivity their density was very low. No rare or endangered groups of
phytoplankton were found in the area. Gross primary productivity values ranged from
0.2 to 0.5 gC/m2/day and net primary productivity values ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 g C
/m2 /m2 /d (Table 3.3). The density of the phytoplankton group are very low due to
the very low light penetration and high turbidity (Table 3.4).
Table 3.3 Biological characteristics of the study sites-Primary productivity
No Parameters Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5
1 Gross primary productivity(g C/m2/d) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4
2 Net primary productivity (g C/ m2/d) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
3 Chlorophyll a (mg/ m2) BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
4 Phaeophytin (mg/m2) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
Table 3.4 Density (no/L) of Phytoplankton groups
No. Phytoplankton groups Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5
1 Chaetoceros 6 15 0 10 5
2 Coscinodiscus 16 20 25 25 20
3 Euglena 10 5 0 0 5
4 Rhizosolenia 8 8 12 10 6
5 Skeletonema 2 2 2 4 4
6 Ulothryx 6 0 0 0 2
7 Density of phytoplanktons (no/L) 48 50 39 49 42
Zooplankton was represented by 6 groups (Table 3.5 to 3.7). The total density of
zooplankton was also very low. In the case of Zooplankton also no rare, threatened or
endangered species of zooplankton were found. Diversity and abundance of
meiofauna and benthic macrofauna were very low. No endangered or rare groups are
present in the area. No bivalves were also found. Benthic faunal population in an
environment depends on the nature of the substratum and the organic matter content
of the substratum.
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Table 3.5 Density of common Zooplankton groups obtained from the study sites
No Zooplankton groups Site 1 Site 2 Site 3 Site 4 Site 5
1 Copepods 6 4 4 6 4
2 Foramenifera 10 0 0 0 0
3 Globigerina 4 2 0 0 0
4 Nauplius larvae 2 0 0 0 2
5 Rotifera 4 4 0 4 0
6 Prawn larvae 1 0 0 2 2
7 Density (no/L) 27 10 4 12 8
Table 3.6 Density (no/100g dry wt) of meiofauna obtained from the study sites.
No Faunal group Site.1 Site 2. Site 3 Site 4 Site 5
1 Decapod larvae 2 1 0 1 1
2 Kinorhyncaa 8 6 6 0 4
3 Nematodes 4 0 0 0 2
4 Oligochaetes 1 0 1 1 1
5 Polychaetes 2 0 1 0 0
6 Density (no/100cm2) 17 7 8 2 8
Table. 3.7 Density (no/100 g dry wt) of benthic macrofauna
No Faunal group Site.1 Site 2. Site 3 Site 4 Site 5
1 Decapoda 0 1 0 1 1
2 Gastropoda 0 0 0 0 1
3 Oligochaetes 2 0 2 2 0
4 Polychaetes 1 0 2 2 0
5 Prawns 1 0 0 0 2
6 Density 4 1 4 5 4
Bird Community at the Intertidal Region
Bird‟s population observed in the intertidal region is enlisted in the Table 3.8. It was
observed that during the low tide period, many birds are visiting the exposed mud bank
for feeding.
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Table 3.8 Birds community in the intertidal region
Family & Scientific name Common name Distribution
Order: ciconiformes
Family Ardeidae
Egretta gularis Western reef heron R
Casmerodius albus Large Egret R w
Egretta garzetta Little Egret R
Family:Charadridae
Vanellus indicus Red wattled Lapwing R
Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt R
Note: R = Widespread Resident ,r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter Visitor w = Sparse Winter Visitor, V = Vagrant
3.2.4 Fisheries in the study area Commercial fishing operation take place only during the monsoon. Other than
monsoon no fishing prevails in the Narmada estuary. A few boats owners reside in
nearby villages in Jageshwar, Ambhetha, Luhara and Suva and they engage
themselves in fishing only during monsoon. The main contribution from this area
towards fisheries potential is through the fishes and crabs. Fish landing centres around
the Gulf of Khambhath account for only 2.1% of the State total- majority of which
takes place on its eastern shores. Beacuse of high suspended load and strong tidal
currents no demersal fishery exists in the Gulf. Whatever fishery is possible is all
pelagic. The Gulf serves as the migratory route for the clupeid hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha)
on their way to the Narmada river for breeding and the outward route for the newly
hatched juveniles and some of the adults.
Table 3.9 Scientific, Common and vernacular names of commercially important commercial fish at gulf of Khambhath in the study area
Groups and Scientific name Common name Vernacular name
Tenualosa ilisha Hilsa Hilsa
Harpodon neherus Bombay duck Bhumla
Drepane punctata Spotted sickle fish Chand
Rasatrelliger kanagurta Indian mackerel Malbari bhangola
Flat heads Platycephalus crecodilus Spotted flat head Kutamachi
Flat fishes Psettodes erumei Indian halibut Hario
Cynoglossus lingua Long tounge- sole Jib
Crustaceans Solenocera crassicornis Coastl mud prawn Lalkolmi
Metapenaeus affinis Jinga prawn Jinga
M. kutchensis Ginger shrimp Jinga
M. monoceros Speckled prawn Kapsi Jinga
Parapenaeopsis stylifera Kiddi prawn Kolmi
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P.hardwickii Spear prawn Kolmi
Penaeus pencillatus Red-Tail prawn Jumbo
P.semisulcatus Green tiger prawn Patta jumbo
P.monodon Giant tiger prawn Tiger jumbo
Lobsters Panulirus polyphagus Banded spiny lobster Titan
Thenus orientalis Mud lobster Kako
Crab Charybdis cruciata Cross crab Karchala
Cephalopods Logigo duvaucelli Indian squid Narsinga
Sources : from the fishermen at Jageshwar village and personal observation of their catch and C.M.F.R.I., ( 1994) Marine Fisheries Information services, Published by Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, cochin, India , 314
3.3 Ground water quality
Representative ground water sample from villages were collected from the wells in
the study area and analyzed for relevant parameters. These parameters were compared
with the drinking water specification laid down by Bureau of Indian standard (IS-
10500:1998 ) The results of ground water analysis from the study area is given in the
Table 3.10.
Figure 3.2 Sampling station for Ground water Quality
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Table 3.10 Ground water quality of nearby villages
Parameter
GW 1
GW 2
GW 3
Desirable (Maximum)
Permissible (Maximum)
Protocol
Colour (in hazen units)
3 3 3 05 25 IS : 3025 (P-4)
Odour Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable
Unobjectionable IS : 3025 (P-5)
Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable IS : 3025 (P-4)
Turbidity 4 4 <4 05 NTU 10 NTU IS : 3025 (P-10)
pH 7.73 7.62 7.84 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation IS : 3025 (P-11)
Dissolved Solids 980 864 674 500 2000 IS : 3025 (P-16)
Chloride as Cl 665 644 345 250 1000 IS : 3025 (P-32)
Sulphate as SO4 213 191 84 200 800 IS : 3025 (P-24)
Calcium as Ca 245 197 52 75 200 IS : 3025 (P-40)
Magnesium as Mg
67.3 82.5 23.6 30 100 IS : 3025 (P-46)
Dissolve Iron as Fe
N.D N.D. N.D. 0.3 1.0 APHA 20th Ed.
Total Alkalinity as HCO3
387 384 152 200 600 IS : 3025 (P-29)
Total Hardness as CaCO3
567 536.5 149 300 600 APHA 20th Ed.
Total Chromium as Cr
0.01 0.013 0.01 0.05 No relaxation APHA 20th Ed.
Phenolic Compounds as C6H5OH
N.D N.D. N.D 0.001 0.002 APHA 20th Ed.
Cyanide as Cn N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-27)
Zinc as Zn N.D N.D. N.D 5.0 15.0 IS : 3025 (P-49)
Copper as cu N.D N.D. N.D 0.05 1.5 IS : 3025 (P-42)
Mineral oil N.D N.D. N.D 0.01 0.03 IS : 3025 (P-39)
Residual free Cl N.D N.D N.D -- -- IS : 3025 (P-26)
Arsenic as As 0.01 0.017 0.002 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-37)
Selenium as Se 0.021 0.024 0.008 0.01 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-56)
Mercury as Hg N.D N.D N.D 0.001 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-48)
Cadmium as Cd 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.01 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-41)
Lead as Pb N.D N.D N.D 0.05 No relaxation IS : 3025 (P-47)
Fluoride as F 0.41 0.51 0.41 1.0 1.5 IS : 3025 (P-23)
Total pestisides N.D N.D N.D Absent 0.001 USEPA-508
Nitrite as NO2 N.D N.D. N.D 0.02 No relaxation IS:3025(P-34)
Nitrate as NO3 0.93 0.87 0.56 45 100 IS : 3025 (P-34)
Total Coliform 5 3 14 10 per 100ml No Relaxation IS : 5401
E. coli Present Present Present Absent No Relaxation IS : 5401
ND: Not detected
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 19
3.4 Ambient air quality
The ambient air quality with respect to major pollutants; SPM, SO2 and NOx were
collected from the near the project site and three surrounding villages (Figure 3.3).
The results of the ambient air quality from the different site during the month of
sampling is given in the Table 3.10.
Figure 3.3 Ambient Air Monitoring Stations
Table 3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status in the study area
T
h
e
S
P
Pollutants Particular Location
AQ1
(Dahej)
AQ2
(Petronet
LNG)
AQ3
(Lakhigam
village)
AQ4
(Jageshwar
Village)
AQ5
(Near
IPCL)
SPM
(µg/m3)
Max 165.1 154.5 147.9 167.4 135.5
Min 136.9 123.3 110.5 151.3 98.3
Avg 151 137.4 129.2 159.3 116.9
RSPM
(µg/m3)
Max 64.2 66.7 69.9 68.6 61.6
Min 48.7 57.9 54.7 55.0 52.0
Avg 56.4 62.3 62.3 62.3 56.8
SO2
(µg/m3)
Max 18 30 30 26 30
Min 12 20 22 18 21
Avg 15 25 26 22 25.5
NOx
(µg/m3)
Max 16 21 24 16 20
Min 09 14 14 12 10
Avg 12.5 17.5 19 14 15
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The SPM level was observed in the monitoring stations ranged between 135.5
μg/m3and 165.1 μg/m
3. Industrial and commercial activities, constructions, movement
of heavy trucks and mostly un-tarred roads are the major sources of generation of
SPM around the study area. Although the surveyed area fall under industrial zone the
SPM level observed in these stations do not even exceed the limits set for the rural
/residential zone. RSPM levels were found ranging from 61.6 to 69.9 μg/m3. This
was also found to be within the prescribed standards for industrial as well as rural and
residential zone ( as per earlier MoEF Notification). The concentration for SO2 were
analysed between 18.0 and 30.0 μg/m3.
The NOx level ranged in between 16
μg/m3and 24μg/m
3. The main source of SO2 and NOx emission is vehicular &
industrial sources.
3.5 Noise level in the surrounding area
Noise in general is a sound composed of many frequency components having various
loudness distributed over audible frequency range. The most common and universally
accepted scale is the “A” weighted scale which is measured as dB(A). The scale has
been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a
human ear. The noise level is monitored by using well calibrated sound level meter
Lutron, SL 4010.
Figure 3.4 The ambient Noise Monitoring Stations
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 21
Table 3.12 The ambient Noise level standard
Area Code Category of area Limit in dB(A)
Day time Night time
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential area 55 45
D Silence zone 50 40
Table 3.13 The Ambient Noise level at study area
3.6 Coastal Geomorphology
The Gulf of Cambay, also called as Gulf of Khambhat, is a dynamic coastal region
situated on the western coast of India. It is an inlet of the Arabian Sea forming a
Quaternary coastal segment of the western coast endowed with a fascinating diversity
of geological features. The Gulf is tectonically active and delimited by the various
Cambay Basin bounding faults. The different parts of this area are quite distinct
geologically and geo-morphologically. The Gulf presents a complex scenario of sedi-
ment input, transport and deposition and redistribution of sediments, comprising an
area experiencing high tidal fluctuations and is characterized by domination of strong
tidal currents. The tidal current directions during flood and ebb tides follow almost
identical paths and reflect bathymetric features of the Gulf. The tidal currents have
mainly been responsible for most of the depositional and erosional features of the
gulf. The topography of the Gulf bottom comprises of numerous underwater ridges,
deep channels and shoals. These features are the reflections of initial presence of
graben faults that were subsequently modified by sediment accumulation and tidal
currents. The linear sandy ridges which themselves are the creation of tidal currents,
now control the tidal current directions and pattern of sediment transport and
deposition.
The coastline of the Gulf of Cambay is featured by a number of estuaries, islands,
cliffs, mud flats, salt marshes and mangrove forests. The prominent estuaries are the
Narmada, Dhadhar and Kalubhar. There has been an appreciable infilling in the
estuarine deltas and rivers bifurcate around the islands. Apart from the islands, there
are many shoals present in the Gulf, especially at the mouth of the estuaries. The
Saurashtra coast (north of Bhavnagar) have fairly extensive mangroves.
Station
Code
Stations Zone
Leq day
dB(A)
Limits
in
dB(A)
Leq
night
In dB(A)
Limits in
dB(A)
N1 Dahej Industrial area 63 75 54 70
N2 Petronet LNG Industrial area 73 65
N3 Jageshwar Industrial area 78 70
N4 IPCL Jetty Industrial area 55 50
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 22
The heavy suspended sediment load throughout the Gulf is brought in by the rivers
during and immediately after the monsoon season. During winter, there is
considerable decrease in the concentration of sediments as they start gradually settling
down. Tides play an important role in the movement of the suspended sediments. The
concentration of the suspended sediments is high on the mainland-side dur-ing the
flood tide and in the center of the Gulf during the ebb tide. The geomorphic process of
erosion and deposition and sea level changes continuously modifies the shoreline.
3.7 Biological Environment
3.7.1 Terrestrial Environment With unabated spread of agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, the natural
areas and ecosystem are restricted to isolated pockets, mainly in forest and hilly
inaccessible territories. These patches now represent the remnants of biological
diversity that was much more widespread once upon a time. In essence, biodiversity
conservation must take on a broad interpretation that includes the conservation of
ecosystem and biosphere processes, besides the preservation of endangered and
threatened species of specific habitats or ecosystems (Weaver and Kim, 1994).
The study area falls under Biogeographic zone 4 –Semi Arid and in Biotic Province-
4B-Gujarat Rajputana as shown in Figure 3.5 (Rodger & Panwar,1988). The project
site of the proposed project is located along the northern bank of Narmada estuary off
Gulf of Khambhath. Estuary bank ( intertidal) areas are found to be clayeye in nature.
Area closer to the project site was almost barren and brackish water ingressed zone.
Topography of the core zone was characterized by mainly culturable wastelands
which are mostly invaded by Prosopis juliflora a common thorny weed which grows
rapidly in this type of habitat. No natural forest/vegetation was observed in the core
zone.
3.7.2 Floral diversity of the study area The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and
composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in
different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of
floral diversity, based on the field survey conducted during April, 2009, is not very
comprehensive data and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this
region during the study period as a baseline data. Further, there is a severe threat to
the natural vegetation owing to the biotic pressure. Listing of the endangered,
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 23
threatened and endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the attention to the
occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the local people
as a whole to protect such species from extinction, and to take necessary measures for
their conservation. These type of floristic study is an inventory for such purpose and
hence a necessity.
The vegetation of this area can be classified on the basis of habitats as; open fallow
lands, Salt ingressed region, areas under cultivations, hedge vegetation and scrub
jungles. The dominant tree species, herbs and shrubs and major crops, were
documented during this base line study.
Tree species enlisted from the study area is given in the Table 3.14, 51 trees belong to
25 families were enlisted from the study area.
Table 3.14 Dominant tree species in the study area
Family & Scientific name Vernacular name
1 Anacardiaceae
1/1 Mangifera indica L. Ambo
2 Annonaceae
2/1 Polyalthia longifolia Asopalav
3 Apocynaceae
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4/2 Plumeria rubra
4 Arecaceae
5/1 Cocos nucifera Nariel
6/2 Hyphaene dichotoma Ravan tad
7/3 Borassus flabellifer L. Tad
8/4 Phoenix dactylifera L. Tad
9/5 Roystonea regia (H.B. & K.)O.F.Cook Bottle plam
5 Avicenniaceae
10/1 Avicennia alba
6 Bignoniaceae
11/1 Tecomella undulata (Sm.) Roydo
7 Bombacaceae
12/1 Adansonia digitata L. Rukhado
13/2 Bombax ceiba L. Shimalo
8 Caesalpiniaceae
14/1 Parkinsonia aculeata L Rambaval
15/2 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer
ex Heyne
Sonmukhi
16/3 Cassia fistula L. Garmalo
17/4 Senna siamea Lam. Kasida
18/5 Tamarindus indicum L. Amali
9 Casuarinaceae
19/1 Casuarina equisetifolia L. Sharu
10 Combretaceae
20/1 Terminalia catappa L. Badam
21/2 Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb.) Wall. Dhamado
11 Ebenaceae
22/1 Diospyros cordifolia Roxb. Dheki
12 Ehretiaceae
23/1 Cordia dichotoma Forst. Gunda
24/2 Cordia gharaf (Forsk.) E. & A. Gundi
13 Meliaceae
25/1 Azadirachta indica A.Juss Limbado
14 Mimosaceae
26/1 Acacia nilotica (L.) Del.subsp.indica
(Bth.) Brenan
Baval
27/2 Albizia lebbeck L. Sirid
28/3 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Pardesi Baval
29/4 Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce Khyigdo
30/5 Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC Gadobaval
31/6 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Bth. Gorasmli
15 Moraceae
32/1 Ficus benghalensis L Vad
33/2 Ficus religiosa L Piplo
34/3 Ficus microcarpa L. Nandark vad
16 Moringaceae
35/1 Moringa oleifera Lam Sargavo
17 Myrtaceae
36/1 Eucalyptus citriodora Hk. Nilgari
37/2 Syzygium cumini ( L) Jambu
18 Papilionaceae
38/1 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Palas
39/2 Delonix regia(Boj) Gulmohar
40/3 Parkinsonia aculeata L. Rambaval
41/4 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Tamrafali)
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42/5 Derris indica ( Lam.) Karanj
19 Salvadoraceae
43/1 Salvadora persica L. Piludo
20 Sapotaceae
44/1 Manilkara zapota L. van Royen Chikoo
45/2 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Rayan
46/3 Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel. Mahuvo
22 Simaroubaceae
47/1 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Aurdso
23 Rhamnaceae
48/1 Zizyphus glabrata Heyne ex Roth. Bor
49/2 Zizyphus mauritiana Lam. Bordi
24 Rutaceae
50/1 Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. Bili
25 Verbenaceae
51/1 Tectona grandis L. Sag
Shrubs and Herbs
Shrubs encountered during the present survey are given in the Table 3.15. About 28
shrubs belonging to 18 families were enumerated from the study area. Most dominant
shrubs in the core zone and buffer zone were Prosopis juliflora, Calotropis gigantea,
Calotropis procera, and Balanites aegyptiaca. Table 3.16 shows the herbaceous
vegetation observed in the area.
Table 3.15 Dominant shrubs in the study area
4. Opuntia elatior Mill. Fafdo Thor
5 Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew Kerdo
6 Capparis sepiaria L. Kanthar
7 Ipomoea fistulosa Mart.ex Choisy Nasarmo
8 Euphorbia nivulia Buch. – Ham. Thor
9 Jatropha curcas L. Ratanjot
10 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Paerdesi divalo
11 Ricinus communis L. Divel
12 Lawsonia inermis Mendhi
13 Abelmoschus manihot L. Jungli Bindi
14 Gossypium herbaceum L. Kapas
15 Hibiscus rosa sinensis L. Jasund
16 Prosopis juliflora DC Gando baval
17 Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd. Bougainvel
18 Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr. Shevari
19 Zizyphus nummularia (Burm.f.) W. &. Chanibor
20 Ixora brachiata (L) Garbale
21 Solanum incanum L Ubhi ringan
22 Datura metel L Daturo
23 Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O.Ktze Arni
24 Lantana camara var. aculeata
Family & Scientific name Vernacular name
1. Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br Akado
2 Calotropis gigantea
3. Balanites aegyptiaca L. Ingorio, Angario
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Table3.16 Herbaceous species observed in the area
Family & Scientific name Vernacular name
Achyranthes aspera L. Anghedi, Anghedo
Aerva javanica (Burm.f.)Juss. Bur,Gorakhganjo
Blumea eriantha DC. Kalhar
Echinops echinatus Roxb Shulio
Eclipta prostrata (L.) Bhangro
Lacunae procumbens (Roxb) .Moti Bhonpatri
Parthenium hysterophorus L --
Tridax procumbens L Pardesi Bhangro
Trichodesma indicum R. Br. Undha Fuli
Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Ghiloda
Cucumis callosus Cogn Kothimdu
Cressa cretica L. Palio, Rudanti
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L) Dariani vel
Ipomoea obscura Ker Vad fudradi
Commelina sp --
Cyperus difformis L. --
Cyperus rotundus L. --
Cyperus sp. --
Fimbristylis dichotoma Vahl. --
Chrozophora rottleri (Geis.) Juss. --
Euphorbia hirta L. --
Leucas sps. --
Abutilon indicum L. Khapat,Dabaliar
Sida sp. --
Boerhavia diffusa L. Satodi
Boerhavia chinensis Druce --
Crotalaria burhia Bach. – Ham. Kharshan
Argemone mexicana L. Darudi
Aristida sp. --
Cynodon dactylon (L.) --
Phragmites kara (Retz.) --
Solanum indicum L. Ringni
Solanum nigrum L. Piludi
Tribulus terrestris L. Mithu Gokhru
Climbers and twiners
The climbers and twiners observed along the agricultural hedges and road side hedges
of the study area is given in the Table 3.17. Eleven climbers belongs to 6 families
were recorded from the area.
Table 3.17 Dominant climbers and twiners recorded in the study area
Family & Scientific name Vernacular name
1. Pentatropis spiralis (Forsk.) Decne Shingroti
2. Ipomea aquatica Forsk. Nadinivel
3. Coccinia grandis Ghiloda
4. Luffa cylindrica (L.) M.J.Roem Galku
5. Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C.jeffrey Shivelangi
6. Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. Chanakchibhdi
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 27
7. Mucuna prurita Hk.f. Kavach, Koyli
8. Abrus precatorius L. Chanothi
Major Crops
Major crops are being grown in the study area include Tuvar (Cajanus cajan) Jowar
(Sorghum vulgare) and Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) are practiced as the main
crops.
3.7.3 Faunal biodiversity of the study area For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to
birds, reptiles, amphibians, and butterfly species, a baseline survey had been
conducted.
Birds of the study area
Systematic account of the birds in the study area with the status of occurrence is given
in the Table 3.18.
Table 3.18 Systematic lists of birds in the study area with its distribution and migratory status
I order: Apodiformes
Family: Apodidae (swifts)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Common Swift Common Swift Apus apus R
House swift Little Swift Apus affinis R
Darter or Snake Birds Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster
A.rufa R
Family: Ardeidae (heron, Egret, Bittern)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Indian Reef Heron Western Reef-Egret Egretta gularis R
Cattle Egret Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis R
Median or Smaller Egret Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia
Egretta intermedia R
Little Egret Little Egret Egretta garzetta R
Pond Heron Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii R
Family: Charadriidae (Plover, Stilt, Oystercatcher, Lapwing, Avocet )
Black-winged Stilt Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus R
Red-wattled Lapwing Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus R
Family: Laridae (Tern, Gull, Jaeger, Skua , Skimmer and Noody)
Black-bellied Tern Black-bellied Tern Sterna acuticauda R
Family: Ciconiidae (Open bill, stork, Adjutant)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Painted Stork Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala R
Family: Phalacrocoracidae ( Cormorant)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Indian Shag Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax
fuscicollis R
Little Cormorant Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax niger R
III ORDER: COLUMBIFORMES
Family: Columbidae (Pigeon, Dove)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Blue Rock Pigeon Rock Pigeon Columba livia R
Ring Dove Eurasian Collared-Dove Streptopelia decaocto R
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 28
Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant
I V : ORDER: CORACIFORMES
Family: Dacelonidae (King fishers)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
White breasted Kingfisher White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis R
Family: Coraciidae (Roller)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Blue Jay or Roller Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis R
Family: Meropidae (Bee Eater)
Common green bee eater Merops orientalis R
V. ORDER: CUCULIFORMES
Family: Centropodidae (Cocucal)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Crow-Pheasant or Coucal Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis R
VI. ORDER: GALLIFORMES
Family: Phasianidae (Peafowl , Partridge, Quail, francolin, spur fowl, jungle fowl, Monal, )
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Common Peafowl Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus R
VII. ORDER: PASSERIFORMES Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant
Family: Corvidae
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
House Crow House Crow Corvus splendens R
Black drongo- King Crow Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus
Dicrurus adsimilis R
Family: Laniidae (shrike)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Rufous backed Shrike Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach R
Grey Shrike Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor R
Family: Muscicapidae ( Short wing, Chat, Robin, Shama
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Indian Robin Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata R
Pied Bushchat Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata R
Family: Nectariniidae ( Sun Birds, Flower pecker, Spider hunter )
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Purple Sunbird Purple Sunbird Nectarinia asiatica R
Small Sunbird Crimson-backed Sunbird Nectarinia minima R
Family: Passeridae ( Avadavat,Pipit, Wagtail, Munia, Snowfinch, sparrow, weaver ,Accentor)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
House Sparrow House Sparrow Passer domesticus R
Family: Pycnonotidae (Bulbul, )
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Red-vented Bulbul Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer R
Family: Sturnidae (Myna, Starling)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Bank Myna Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus R
Indian Myna Common Myna Acridotheres tristis R
Family: Sylviidae ( Warbler, Browning, Fulvetta ,Babbler, Laughing thrash, Tailor birds,
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Common Babbler Common Babbler Turdoides caudatus R
Jungle Babbler Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus R
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 29
Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant
VIII. ORDER: PSITTACIFORMES
Family: Psittacidae (Parrot and Parakeet)
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name Dist.
Rose-ringed Parakeet Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri R
Order: Upupiformes
Family: Upupidae
Old Common name New Common Name Scientific Name
Hoopoe Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops RW Note: R = Widespread Resident, r = Very Local Resident, W = Widespread Winter Visitor, w = Sparse Winter Visitor, RW =Resident and winter visitor, M= Migrant
Butterflies from the study area
Butterflies in the study area (Core zone and Buffer zone) are restricted to few places
where Lantana camara and Calotropis procera were growing. Butterflies observed
during the present study are documented in the Table 3.19.
Table 3.19 Butterflies in the study area
Scientific name & family Common name
Family Papilionidae
Papilio polytes Linnaeus Common Mormon
Pachliopta aristolochiae Fabricuis Common Rose
Family Pieridae
Eurema hecabe Linnaeus Common Grass yellow
Catopsilia pomona Fabricius Common Emigrant
Catopsilia pyranthe Linnaeus Mottled Emigrant
Delias eucharis Drury Common Jezebel
Ixias marianne Cramer White orange tip
Ixias pyrene Linnaeus Yellow orange tip
Colotis danae Crimson tip
Family: Nymphalidae
Acraea violae Fabricius Twany Coaster
Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger
Hypolimanas misippus Danaid egg fly
Herpetofauna Reptiles observed in the study area are given in the Table 3.20
Table 3.20 Reptiles in the study area
Sl. No.
Common Name Scientific name
1 Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin)
3 Russell’s Viper Daboia russelii ( Shaw and Nodder)
4 Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus ( Schneider)
5 Common rat snake Ptyas mucosus (Linn.)
6 Common Indian monitor Varanus bengalensis ( Schneider)
7 Brahminy skink Mabuya carinata (Schneider)
8 House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis (Ruppell)
Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 30
Mammals
The wild mammals observed other than the domesticated ones in the core zone is
given in the Table 3.21.
Table 3.21 Mammals observed in the core zone
Sl. No Common name Scientific name
1 Three striped Palm
squirrel
Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus)
2 Common House Rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)
3 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy)
4 Jungle cat Felis chaus
Buffer zone
The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones from the buffer zone of the
study area is documented in the Table 3.22.
Table3.22 Mammals from the buffer zone
Sl. No Common Name Scientific name
1. Three striped Palm
squirrel
Funambulus palmarum (Linnaeus)
2. Common House Rat Rattus rattus (Linnaeus)
3. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy)
Rare and endangered fauna of the study area
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global
conservation status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the
extinction risk of thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to
all species and all regions of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red
List is recognized as the most authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity.
IUCN,(2007) has evaluated 1976 animal species from India, among them 313 have in
recognized as threatened species. Among them one species is considered as extinct
,while 44 species are in critically endangered( CR) catogery,88 is in endangered
category(EN), while 181 is considered as vulnerable (VU).
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, amended on 17th January 2003, is an Act to
provide for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants and for matters connected
therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to ensuring the ecological and
environmental security of the country..
Some of the sighted fauna was given protection by the Indian Wild Life
(Protection)Act,1972 by including them in different schedules .Among the birds in the
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 31
study area, Pea fowl (Pavo cristatus), is included in schedule I .of Wild life protection
Act (1972), while many other birds are included in schedule IV.
Among the reptiles, Common rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) were provided protection as
per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972)
Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) and Jungle cat (Felis
chaus) are a schedule –II animals.
Migratory birds & winter visitors in the study area
No migratory birds were observed during the field survey conducted during April-
May 2009. There were 6 winter visitors in the study area among them one was true
winter visitors, and 5 were given the distribution status of Resident and winter
visitors, by WCMC as small population of these birds reside in our country even after
the winter months.
Table 3.23 Winter visitors in the study area
Zone Winter visitors Resident and Winter visitors
Core Zone --- Pied Avocet, Eurasian Spoonbill, Common Coot,
Eurasian Hoopoe
Buffer zone
Demoiselle Crane
Pied Avocet,
Greater Flamingo Eurasian Hoopoe
Whole study
area
Demoiselle Crane
Pied Avocet, Greater Flamingo, Eurasian
Spoonbill, Common Coot, Eurasian Hoopoe
3.8 Socio-economic status of the core zone
The socioeconomic profile of the study area is collected through questionnaire as well
as from the secondary data available from the 2001 census. There are immediate six
villages with in 5km from the project site, where primary survey was conducted.
Villages such as Dahej, Ambhetha and lakhigamwere found to be peri-urban set up.
Dahej is the largest among them with a population of 3756 of 1551 households. Dahej
is followed by lakhigam witha population of 3357 from 640 households. Jageshwar,
Ambhetha, Vengani and Luhara are small villages with a population of 1465 (from
346 hh), 1330 (from 293 hh) , 675 ( from 150 hh), 1393 ( from 276) respectyively.
The nearest town is Bharuch which is district head quarters fifty km from the
proposed site. As far as literacy arte is concerned the average liracy rate in all these
surveyed villages was 60% which is found to be very impressive. Every village has a
primary school and for high education students depend on Dahej. No college is
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located in this area. During the survey it was observed that one more high school is
under construction in Jageshwar village. For better medical facility villagers depend
on Bharuch city which is about 50 km.
Most of the villagers in the surveyed area are engaged in nearby industries and other
petty jobs. Farming is not considered as a livelihood support system for the villagers
fo reasons like the non availability of land ( most of the lands being sold to GIDC)
and not suitable for farming (lack of irrigation facility and less fertile soil). Although
the villages are suroounded by industries by non other than Reliance Petrochemicals,
LNG Petronet, Gujarat Fertilizer Corporation Limited, ABG Shipyard and other small
big units, the socio-economic condition of the villagers were not found so sound. The
basic amenities such as health care, education and drinking water facility were grossly
neglected areas in the study area. Though some of the industries came forward to
solve atleast the drinking water issue in this region is a commendable effort.
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4 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
4.1 Introduction
Prediction of the impacts essentially involves determination of magnitude and extent
of the probable impacts likely to occur due to the proposed action. Whereas the
assessment or evaluation of impacts involve determination of significance of impacts.
An attempt has been made to predict and evaluate the likely environmental impacts
due to the proposed project along the northern bank of Narmada estuary, for
simplicity, the project impacts have been considered separately for both construction
and operational phase. The predictions were done assuming worst possible scenarios
so as to be able to delineate a realistic plan towards mitigation of the impacts
generated.
Physical location of the offshore fabrication yard including a shipyard, wide variety of
process, equipment and materials, and the outdoor nature of the work conducted at
such a large scale, are especially prone to polluting the surrounding air, water and
land.
There are several different functions that occur during the operational phase from the
proposed project activities. Some functions employ a few people, while others employ
many people, including various subcontractors, electricians, labors, machinists,
welders, painters, sandblasters, riggers, pipe fitters and a number of administrative
and managerial staff. Each of these facilities and associated manufacturing services
creates their own unique set of potential environmental problems. Moreover, the
offshore fabrication yard is entirely based on the order received from the clients and
not a year long activity.
Water , air and noise pollution, accumulations of solid and hazardous waste and point
and non-point pollution can occur simultaneously with the variety of operations that
occur at these facilities. Being a water front project, the maximum impact due to the
proposed project shall be on the marine/coastal environment as stated earlier.
The coastal water contains more high level taxonomic diversity than the terrestrial
environment, by a wide margin, so, It is the duty of the humanity to conserve the
marine biodiversity by assessing the possible impact and preparing the mitigatory
measure to minimize any impacts that may created due to the proposed development.
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4.2 Impacts from Construction Phase
The site-levelling during the reclamation period is the major source of fugitive
emission. The soil and boulders will be brought from Jhagadia area and no soil or any
other reclamation material will be removed from the study area. Hence there will be
no immediate impact on the local land environment.
The yard will be protected in the waterfront area by rock bund along the northern
bank. There is an existing approach road from Dahej to the project site. All internal
roads (within the premises) shall be laid 9 meter wide, designed suitably for the
passage of Trailers and Cranes for easy movement between all the units.
4.2.1 Impact on Ambient Air Environment Air emissions have no boundaries and can migrate from one place to another
depending upon the wind direction and speed. The sources of air emission can be
grouped into three categories of point, area and line sources:
During the construction phase, SPM is expected to be the main pollutant associated
with on-site roads (paved and unpaved), stockpiles and material handling. In this case,
pollution emission sources shall be distributed throughout the project site and shall
fall under the category of area source. The land acquired is fairly flat, so extensive
formation work is not expected during this phase. It is assumed that most of the
excavated material shall be used within the project, with minimal cut and fill material
to come from outside the site. Due to the confined nature of heavy construction
activity during this limited period, tailpipe emissions from construction equipment are
assumed to be essentially negligible.
4.2.2 Impact on Ambient Noise Environment The assessment of the impacts of noise on the surrounding areas depends upon:
Characteristics of noise source (instantaneous, intermittent, or continuous in
nature, with the latter contributing the least to noise pollution);
Time of day at which noise occurs; and
Location of noise source with respect to noise sensitive receptor.
For the purposes of predicting noise emissions impacts from the site, the noise
emission sources were examined during construction and operational phases.
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Sources of noise emissions are expected from various construction equipments.
General noise levels generated from the operation of equipment and machinery are
provided in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1 Noise levels Generated from construction equipment
Name of Source Noise Level at 16 m (50 ft)
from
Source in dB(A)
Noise Level at 1 m from
source (calculated) in
dB(A)
Air Compressor 87 111
Back Hoe/Loader 81 105
Concrete Mixer Truck 85 109
Concrete Pumper 70 94
Concrete Vibrators 77 101
Cranes - mobile 81 105
Dump Truck 83 107
Generator Not considered
75 (as prescribed by
CPCB)
Hammering 86 110
Jackhammer 88 112
Pile Driver 100 124
Radial Arm Saw 80 104
Source: www.gvrd.bc.ca/education/pdf04/ColumbiaWorkshop1-ConstructionNoise.pdf
The MoEF has not yet prescribed noise emission specifications for construction
equipment. However, the limited information available is provided in Table 4.2.
Table 4.2 Noise Limits for Appliances and Construction Equipment at Manufacturing Stage
Equipment Noise Limit dB(A)
Window Air Conditioner 68
Air Cooler 60
Diesel Generators 85-90
Compactors (rollers), Front Loaders, Concrete
Mixers, Cranes, Vibrators, and Saws
75
4.2.3 Impact on Water Resources Construction activities for the proposed development can have minor impact on
surface water quality of the area if the construction waste releases into the water
bodies (Narmada estuary). Potential sources of pollution that may impact on water
quality in the area are as follows.
i. Soil runoff from the project may lead to off-site contamination (particularly
during rainy season).
ii. Improper disposal of construction debris may lead to off-site contamination of
water resources.
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iii. Unaccounted disposal of domestic wastewater from temporary labour camps.
iv. Discharge of oil/grease/lubricants from the vehicles/construction equipments
and wastewater stream generated from activities such as vehicles washing and
maintenance of equipments.
Construction and Development of site: Development of the proposed site could lead
to stockpiling and excavation activity on the site, thereby causing erosion of base soil.
The run off from the site may contain high quantity of suspended solids (SS). The
impact of runoff may not be very significant except during rainy season. Further
construction of garland drains will reduce the runoff from the stockpiles.
Site workshop: The repair and maintenance of equipments/vehicles on site would
generate waste containing oil and grease. The wastewater stream would also be
generated from vehicle washing. The impact can be mitigated to a great extent by
collecting the same in separate containers and disposing at a designated disposal
ground.
Construction of Roads and Parking Areas: The impact from the road construction
depends on both the construction practices and the type of material used. Construction
waste of electrical installation, DG sets, painting and flooring may create significant
impact.
Temporary Labour tents: The water environment is also affected due to disposal of
water used by the labour etc. for daily toilet needs. A septic tank shall be provided
with toilet facilities to meet the daily needs of labour during working hours.
4.2.4 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment The construction phase will generate employment opportunity in the skilled as well as
unskilled categories. The expected labour force required during construction is to the
tune of 500-1000. Although the workforce requirement will be temporary in nature, it
will be met from the local populace as far as possible hence there will be positive but
temporary negligible negative impact in terms of local resource utilisation. They will
require essential basic infrastructure facilities viz. safe drinking water, adequate
sanitation. These requirements will have some impacts on the existing facilities in the
locality.
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The contractor will provide all required facilities to the labourers to reduce the impact
on the existing facilities in the study area. There are positive impacts also envisaged.
Local businessmen will get opportunity to supply construction materials. Demands
generated from the labour colony for basic facilities including eatables etc. will
increase the local business activity of the area.
The surrounding villages are still observed as economically not sound due to the lack
of employment opportunities. Any development, either temporary or permanent will
support the family of many villagers.
4.2.5 Impact from solid waste generation During the construction phase, solid waste generated will include biomass from land
clearing activities, waste from the temporary labour tents, construction and hazardous
waste. Impact from construction waste may arise owing to the shortage of dumping
sites, increase in transportation and disposal cost and environmental deterioration.
Potential pollution problems during construction activities include dumping of
construction debris into surface water drains. Proposed mitigation plan suggest
maximum reuse of construction waste on site or removal of waste from the site and
proper disposal, which would reduce the impact significantly (details in EMP
Section).
Hazardous wastes generated during construction phase may include contaminated
soil, construction debris (including asbestos-containing material), waste fuel and
lubricants, oil filters and batteries. Pollution risks may arise from leakage and
discharge of oil or fuel through poor protection, vehicle damage or the accidental
opening of valves. Potential pollution problems may arise from storage, treatment and
transportation of contaminated soils; and residual paints and solvents. Hazardous
waste management measures suggested in EMP would reduce the impact.
The waste from temporary labour tents would be mainly household domestic waste
that would be managed by the contractor for collection and disposal activities.
4.2.6 Impact on Local Biological Environment The potential impacts of project construction on terrestrial and aquatic ecological
potential sources include terrestrial ecology and aquatic ecology.
Terrestrial Ecology:
Site Formation: The site has been acquired from the GIDC. Earlier these areas were
being utilized for farming activities and hence the habitats in the proposed project
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area support plant species typical of agricultural habitats and having a low plant
diversity and simple structure (mostly herbaceous weed species and very low quality
tree species especially Prosopis juliflora). There is no permanent vegetation in the
acquired land. Hence no impact is envisaged from site formation activities.
Noise, Air Pollution and other Disturbances: Air, noise and visual disturbance may
be generated during the site development that can affect the behavior of fauna
(especially bird, butterflies and other insects, reptiles) of the adjacent habitats. Most
fauna recorded or reported to occur in the study area are disturbance tolerant.
Construction will mainly take place in project areas, where floral and faunal
representatives are highly improvised. Existing marine facilities and related activities
are found in nearby areas from IPCL Jetty, ABG Shipyard and other infrastructural
activities. Hence; the potential impacts to faunal groups from this source are ranked as
very negligible.
Aquatic Ecology
Release of wastes from labour camps & inert wastes from construction activities and
discharge of oil/grease/lubricants into Narmada estuary will have major impact on the
aquatic ecosystem. Adequate measures to arrest additional impact from the proposed
project has been recommended in EMP chapter.
4.3 Impacts from Operational Phase
Fabrication of offshore structures and ship building operate on a job basis. The main
operations envisaged at WIL are Cutting, blasting, welding and painting.
Cutting and welding: Oxy-fuel welding (commonly called oxyacetylene
welding, oxy welding, or gas welding in the U.S.) and oxy-fuel cutting are processes
that use fuel gases and oxygen to weld and cut metals, respectively. In oxy-fuel
cutting, a cutting torch heats the metal and oxygen is trained on it and in result metal
burns and then flows out of the cut (kerf) as an oxide slag. The most commonly used
fuel gases in the process are propylene, liquified petroleum gas
(LPG), propane, natural gas and hydrogen gas. For the present activity acetylene (non
toxic and flammable) and oxygen will be used. The annual requirement is 16000
oxygen cylinders, 8000 Acetylene cylinders and about 10000 LPG cylinders for
heating (as provided by WIL).
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Blasting: During abrasive blasting stream of abrasive material is forced against a
surface under high pressure to smooth a rough surface, roughen a smooth surface,
shape a surface, or remove surface contaminants. Although many abrasives used in
blasting booths are not hazardous in themselves, (steel shot and grit, cast iron,
aluminum oxide [aka corundum], garnet, plastic abrasive and glass bead), other
abrasives (silica sand, copper slag, nickel slag, and staurolite) have varying degrees of
hazard (typically free silica or heavy metals). Thus, Sand and copper slag blasting is
not considered for this project.
Painting: Spray painting is done to protect metal against the corrosion and also to
beautify an object. Many paints, coatings, catalysts, sealers, hardeners, and solvents
contain hazardous chemicals. Exposure to chemicals can occur during mixing of the
coating, spraying the material, and grinding or sanding it. Symptoms of overexposure
to hazardous chemicals include nausea, rashes, and long term illnesses like asthma,
lung cancer, and sensitization (becoming severely allergic to the paint). Apart from
risk to health fire hazard is another aspects to be looked at in the painting area.
Other activities: Apart from the main operation described above, operation of DG
sets, vehicles plying on the road to bring in and out the material and people are other
activities with some impacts.
4.3.1 Raw material inputs and pollutant outputs in the offshore fabrication yard Raw material inputs to the offshore fabrication yard are primarily steel and other
metals, paints, blasting abrasives, and machine and cutting oils, gases (Oxygen,
Acetylene and LPG). Pollutants and wastes generated typically include waste oils and
resins, metal bearing sludge and wastewater, waste paint, waste paint chips, and spent
abrasives. The major activities that generate wastes and pollutant outputs are
discussed below:
4.3.2 Impact on ambient Air Environment The greatest emission potential from electric arc welding is particulate matter and
particulate phase (fume). Hazardous air pollutants are the major concerns in the
welding processes. Most of the particulate matter produced by welding is submicron
in size and, as such, is considered to be all PM-10. The elemental composition of the
fume varies with the electrode type and with the work piece composition. Hazardous
metals that have been identified in welding fume include manganese (Mg), nickel
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(Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), and lead (Pb). Among the arc welding processes,
Submerged Metal Arc Welding (SAW) has the lowest fume formation rate. The
SAW produces an arc between a bare metal electrode and the work contained in a
blanket of granular fusible flux. The flux submerges the arc and welding pool. The
electrode generally serves as the filler material. The quality of the weld depends on
the handling and care of the flux. The SAW process is limited to the downward and
horizontal positions, but it has an extremely low fume formation rate. Maximum
welding of heavy diameter pipes within the factory and outside will be carried out by
SAW process.
4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources During the operation phase of the proposed project, the critical project impacts on
water environment includes
i. Impact on quantity of available ground water resources in the region due to
increased water demand
ii. Impact on quality of water due to disposal of wastewater generated from the
proposed development.
4.3.4 Impact on water availability It is estimated that the total fresh water demand for the project is 177 KL per day.
GIDC has agreed to provide the water required for project activities during
operational period. Ground water shall not be used for any kind of activities either
during construction or operational phase. Hence impact on water availability is not an
issue.
4.3.5 Impacts due to disposal of waste water Waste water generated from the project premises contains suspended and dissolved
solid, organic and in organic matter, nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous,
paints, oil, grease and pathogens. If wastewater is discharged without proper
treatment, it would have significant impact on surrounding environment. A sewage
treatment plant is proposed on the site to treat the effluent generated from the
proposed project. The sewage treatment plant would be designed to meet CPCB
norms with respect to the discharge limits. The treated effluent shall be used for
landscaping and flushing.
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4.3.6 Impact from fabrication activities Fume particulates can be deposited on surfaces throughout the work area or job site,
where they may be exposed to rainfall and contribute to storm water pollutant loading.
Paint types range from water-based coatings to high performance epoxy coatings. The
type of paint needed for a certain application depends on the environment that the
coating will be exposed.
4.3.7 Impact on socioeconomic environment Similar to the construction phase, the operation phase will also provide opportunities
for employment mostly in the skilled and semi skilled categories. Operation of the
proposed project will also require transportation facilities to the commuters to
commute from a nearby place to the project site and vice versa. This will enhance the
income of the people associated with transport sector. All these activities will need
support services like food, housing, school, medical facility etc. ultimately leading to
improvement in quality of life of local people. Indirectly, other service sectors also
stand to benefit and impacts are positive.
4.4 Miscellaneous impact
4.4.1 Impact on fish / fishing
It was observed that fishermen in the study area practice the fishing in the estuary and
in the Gulf during monsoon only. Other than monsoon no fishing activity take place
in Narmada. Hence impact on fishing from the proposed development is a non-issue.
4.4.2 Impact on public health There is no soil borne and water borne endemic diseases reported in the area.
However, cases of common viral fever, gastroenteritis, and dysentery have been
reported. The establishment of the offshore fabrication yard/shipyard in no way will
increase the pollution in the region and hence will not have adverse effects on the
public health. Development of recreational avenues and medical facilities, including
ambulance in the project premises will in fact lead to betterment of public health.
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4.4.3 Impact due to natural calamities on proposed project and its environmental aspects Cyclones
From the wind and cyclone hazard of India, it is learnt that this part of Gujarat state
falls under moderate damage risk zone (Vb=44m/s). Still then due care has to be taken
during the construction stage to strengthen all the structure in the fabrication
yard/Shipyard to with stand the wind velocity of this region.
Source: BMTPC- Vulnerability Atlas- 2
nd Edition
Figure 4.1 Wind and cyclone Map of Gujarat
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Earthquakes
The proposed project area falls in seismic zone-III (moderately earthquake prone
areas). All the structures will be strictly followed the norms recommended for one
more level high i.e the seismic zone-IV.
Figure 4.2 Seismic map of India
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5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
5.1 Introduction
An environmental management plan (EMP) is a management framework for reducing
environmental impacts and improving organizational performance. EMP provide
organizations, a structured approach for managing environmental and regulatory
responsibilities to improve overall environmental performance, including areas not
subject to regulation such as unregulated risk, resource conservation, and energy
efficiency.
This type of development can bring about considerable changes in land / coastal and
marine environment. As it is aware that even very minor alterations of the physical
and chemical environment may lead to both short term and long-term effects on
biological system, proper care has to be taken from planning stage itself. Adopting
mitigatory measures, including incorporation of suitable features in the planning and
design stage can minimize the adverse impacts, envisaged during construction and
operation phases. In view of the study area and project requirements, the proposed
plan discusses appropriate measures to be considered during construction as well as
operation phases.
5.2 Construction phase
Measures should be appropriately taken during construction phase of the shipyard
cum off shore fabrication unit, to contain land, water and air pollution.
Construction activities should be restricted to daytime as far as possible to avoid any
disturbance to surrounding areas. Also during concrete work, care should be taken so
that no mortar or cementing material should dispose off into the estuary.
To minimize any impact on aquatic system it is advisable to take all precautionary
measures, by using plastics sheet or tarpaulin in order to avoid any chance of dumping
of construction materials in to the estuary. Provisions for infrastructure services
including water supply, and electrification will be made available to the construction
workers from the existing facilities.
Safety equipment should be provided to the workers working in the high-risk zone as
per the safety rules under existing regulation.
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5.2.1 Air Environment Dust emission will take place during the site-leveling and reclamation activity which
is temporary.
All the internal roads have to be properly surfaced to reduce the fugitive dust
due to vehicular movement.
Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.
Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel
burining be restricted.
Fossil fuel or timber burning will not be permitted in the premises.
Diesel driven construction machineries shall be properly maintained to
minimize the exhaust emission and noise pollution.
5.2.2 Water Environment
Any wastewater generated during the construction period shall not be
allowed to be discharged in sea.
Toilet facility will be provided for the workers and wastewater generated
would be collected and treated appropriately using septic tanks and soak pits.
5.2.3 Solid Waste
Soil excavated during site preparation will be treated appropriately and used
to fill low lying areas of the plot. Thus, disposal of excavated soil is not
envisaged.
Care will be taken by the authorities to ensure that domestic wastes from
labour camps if any during the construction phase are not thrown in open
space, sea or any other space, which may cause inconvenience.
Waste collection bins / bags will be provided at each probable location where
waste generation is expected.
Segregation of domestic and other solid waste would be ensured.
Transportation of waste will be done on regular basis before the temporary
waste-storage containers.
Construction waste would be used for land filling to the maximum extent
possible.
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Meatalic construction waste would be sold to the authorised scrape dealers
for recycling.
5.2.4 Noise
Construction activities will be restricted to daytime as far as possible to avoid
any disturbance to surrounding areas.
The construction machinery will be properly maintained to reduce the
nuisance of noise pollution.
Effective and appropriate noise abatement equipments shall be fitted to the
exhausts of construction equipments and vehicles.
Properly qualified and experienced personnel shall be employed to carry out
preventive and regular maintenance and repair of construction, equipment
and vehicles.
Workers in high noise surroundings will be provided with ear-muffs and
other protective instruments
5.2.4 Health The proponent /contractors will take necessary measures to provide healthy
environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene.
Good house keeping
All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental
aspects related to their job.
Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations
Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.
5.3 Operation phase
EMP for predicted impacts on Air Environment, Water environment and Land
Environment due to the operation phase is summarized as follows.
5.3.1 Air Environment The proposed plant is a fabrication yard it does not involve any process activity and
no stack emission are expected. Only noticeable air pollution sources are from
activities like blasting and painting apart from negligible emissions from vehicular
movement and fossile fuel burning. Thus, following measures are suggested for all
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 47
these activities and byadopting the following management plan, the impact on air
quality can be minimized.
Cutting of steel plates
Cutting of steel plates as per the requirement of the unit to be fabricated is the very
first step in the whole operation. The probable impacts of this activity are metal fines,
high heat and flammable gases like Acetylene, thus the following measures needs to
be taken:
No leakages from the gas cylinders is to be allowed to avoid VOC pollution
and any fire risk and pose a risk to personnel as well as property.
The surface preparation activity – Blasting
Blasting will only be carried out in enclosed area, i.e., blast room, which will have a
blast cabinet: the containment structure, the abrasive blasting system and the dust
collector. It will have provisions for recycling ranging from manual sweeping and
shoveling the abrasive back into the blast pot to full reclaim floors that convey the
abrasive pneumatically or mechanically to a device that cleans the abrasive prior to
recycling. Apart from the above mentioned precautions, the following conditions will
also be adhered to:
No sand or copper slag blasting will take place.
Options of using non hazardous blasting material (steel shot and grit, cast
iron, aluminum oxide [aka corundum], garnet, plastic abrasive and glass
bead), will be explored.
Operators must wear continuous flow airline respirators.
For abrasive material management operations, control measures often consist
of some type of barrier or containment that prevents dust emission and/or
spillage from escaping the work area, where it may be exposed to rainfall.
Shrink wrap, and some other types of flexible structure containment
materials, can be used to build structures that can provide 100 percent
containment of the work area.
Abrasive and spent material should be stored, handled and managed in a
manner that prevents or minimizes it from blowing offsite or otherwise
creating a nuisance.
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Blasters should receive training in, how material dispensing, recovery,
conveyance and transport can result in dust emissions and spillage, and also
to recognize potential pollutant problems, and how to take necessary
corrective actions to reduce the potential for pollutant loading.
Painting Activity
Most shipyards rely primarily on spraying methods for coating application. Any
activity involving paints, i.e., storage, mixing, coating and spraying may lead to
impacts on human health and environment. Thus, care would be taken to avoid
exposures to workers and spillage or leaks to the environment.
Store waste paint and other realted solvents in covered containers to prevent
evaporation to the atmosphere
Use airless or high volume low pressure (HVLP) spray guns to reduce
overspray. Use high transfer efficiency coating techniques such as brushing
and rolling to reduce overspray shall be also explored.
Proper ventilation facility and VOCs control provistion will be made to avoid
any fire or explosion risk. Adequately fabricated spray booths is another
option which may be explored.
Smoking and and other such activity will be prohibited.
Establish and adhere to “safe” wind directions and speeds for particular
facilities.
Vehicular emission/ fuel burning activities
During the movement of trucks and cranes certain fugitive dust emission is
expected, but this can be minimized by the surfacing or asphalting the
approach road .
Water sprinklers shall be used to control the fugitive dusts.
Proper conditioning of the trucks, and cranes will make compulsory to reduce
the pollutants in exhaust emission.
Cleaner fuel will be provided to the labours to keep air pollution due to fuel
burining be restricted.
Diesel generator sets will only be used during power cuts and adequate
exhaust height will be maintained for effective dispersion of gasses. In
addition regular maintenance would taken up.
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5.3.2 Water Environment As explained in the earlier chapter, probable sources of waste water are domestic
effluent from toilets, kitchen and residual water from washing and cleaning
operations. Water form washing and cleaning will have impurities like oild and
grease, paints and particles from blasting aeras. Thus, appropriate treatment is
required to be provided The stragetegies to reduce water pollution will also involve
minimizing water consumption, maximize reuse of treated waste water and rain water
collection.
Wastewater treatment scheme
The toral requirement of fresh water for the proposed project is estimated to be 177
KL per day. Out of this about 77 KL/d will be generated as wastewater and treated to
finall discharge 61KL/d. About 2/3 of the treated waste water will be reused for
gardening, horticulture and toielet flushing purposes. Thus effectively only 20KL/d is
to be discharged form the unit.
The treatment facilities provided shall comprise of following:
- Wastewater collection & conveyance system.
- Wastewater treatment & disposal arrangement.
Wastewater collection and conveyance system shall be an underground drainage
network that will be designed to collect wastewater from each and every workplace
and convey it to one point for treatment.
As described earlier, approximately 77 KLD of sewage will be treated in a state of the
art sewage treatment plant of 100 KLD capacity. Separate pipelines will be laid for
using this water. Treatment for meeting disposal standard will have following
treatment steps:
- Screening
- De-gritting
- Biological Oxidation
- Solid Liquid Separation
- Coagulation-flocculation
- Filtration
- Disinfection
Schematic flow diagram of treatment facilities is given in Figure 5.1. Treated
wastewater shall be used for landscaping and flushing. The sludge generated would be
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sent for composting after drying and shall be used as green manure in
landscaping/green areas.
Minimizing Water Consumption
Water consumption will be minimized by a combination of water saving devices and
other domestic water conservation measures. Furthermore, to ensure ongoing water
conservation, an awareness programme will be introduced for the staff and other
employees/labourers. The following section discusses the specific measures, which
shall be implemented:
Figure 5.1 Sewage Treatment Plant Schematic Flow Diagram (Treatment For Disposal)
Use of water efficient plumbing fixtures (ultra flow toilets and urinals, low
flow sinks, water efficient dishwashers and washing machines). Leak
detection and repair techniques need to be installed.
Use of sweep with a broom and pan where possible, rather than hose down
for external areas.
Drip irrigation system shall be used for the lawns and other green area. Drip
irrigation can save between 15-40% of the water use, compared with other
watering techniques.
Use of treated waste water for watering the plants and toilet flushing.
Awareness campaign to disseminate knowledge on strategies and
technologies that can be used for water conservation.
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Storm water management
Storm water management systems shall be executed to collect, ctransport and store
rain water and reuse it with plant.
Provide and install filter media (i.e. straw bales) and filter fences around the
storm drain inlets to restrict the entry of pollutants into the storm drain
system while allowing the storm water to enter.
The filter fence may be of woven or non-woven burlap, nylon, polyester,
polypropylene or numerous other fabrics. Support posts should be placed on
the inside of the filter material
The protected storm drain inlets should be inspected frequently to determine
the need for filter/absorbent replacement or repairs.
Post-storm inspection should also be conducted to determine if any
subsequent flooding of storm water is excessive or a threat to adjacent
properties.
All used filtering material and absorbent materials must be disposed of in
appropriately marked trash receptacles.
Whenever possible, storm water should be diverted away from materials
manufacturing, storage and other areas of potential storm water
contaminants.
Certain additional measures to be adopted that will aid to pollution prevetion during
the operational activities is given below:
Containtment and frequent cleanup of cutting, blasting and painting areas
shall be practiced to prevent blast material and paint waste from being
washed into storm sewers or the adjacent waterway. This will prevent
impurities to be washed and mixed in strom water.
The sediment traps in the storm water drainage system(s) from various units
shall be inspected on a monthly basis and cleaned as necessary to ensure the
interception and retention of solids entering the drainage system.
All blasting, painting area will be away from the water bodies.
Store unopened paints, primers, epoxies, varnishes, etc., in a enclosure or
fenced secure area with impervious floor.
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Provisions for absorbent and other cleanup items readily available for
immediate cleanup of spills.
Wash water or runoff shall be channeled into STP‟ s collection tank.
Drip pans or other protective devices shall be required for all paint mixing
and unless the mixing operation is carried out in controlled areas away from
storm drains, surface waters, shorelines and piers.
Drip pans, drop cloths or tarpaulins shall be used whenever paints are mixed.
Shroud painting activities as much as possible to reduce overspray or runoff
of paint from the yard into the aquatic environment.
5.3.3 Solid Waste Management The philosophy of solid waste management at the proposed project premises will be
to encourage the four R‟s of waste i.e. waste reduction, reuse, recycling, and recovery
(materials & energy). This will result in lesser reliance on land filling.
The Environmental Management Plan for the solid waste focuses on three major
components during the life cycle of the waste management system i.e. collection and
transportation, treatment or disposal and closure and post closure care of
treatment/disposal facility. The flow diagram of waste management is shown as
Figure 5.2.
Figure 5.2 Waste Management Flow Diagram
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Collection and Transportation
The spent material should be removed from the site or stored in containers or
on top of ground cover and covered with impermeable tarpaulins.
Hazardous waste must be in containers or tanks clearly labeled with the
words “Hazardous Waste”.
Items as welding rods, wood, plastic, miscellaneous trash, paper, glass,
packaging, industrial scrap, insulation and scrap metal must be routinely
removed from the general yard area.
During the collection stage, the bio-degradable and non recyclable/non
biodegradable waste will be stored and collected separately. Thereafter the
municipal authorities will handle the waste management and disposal aspects.
To minimize littering and odours, waste will be stored in well-designed
containers/bins that will be located at strategic locations to minimize
disturbance in traffic flow.
Care should be taken so that the collection vehicles are well maintained and
minimize noise and emissions. During transporting of the waste, it will be
covered to avoid littering.
Disposal
The steel scraps generated during the ship building activity should be
collected in scrap yard and dispose off periodically for recycling.
Empty cans containing, paints, lubricants and oil must be disposed of daily in
designated waste disposal bins.
All hazardous waste would be transported to ankleshwar to the waste
treatment facility
With regards to the disposal/treatment of waste, the project authorities shall
dispose /treat the waste as per the prevailing waste handling norms.
5.3.4 Noise environment The principal goal of noise control is to ensure that project noise does not exceed
acceptable parameters and that noise levels are not injurious to health and do not
create a nuisance. Effective procedures for noise control shall be developed and
implemented at the project sites, at off – site project facilities and along all off – site
access roads. The critical area where the high noise level expected is during surface
preparation operation.
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Personal Protective Equipments for eardrum protection of the workers and
visitors should be provided.
5.4 EMP for greenbelt development
Greenbelts are an effective mode of control of air pollution, where green plants form a
surface capable of absorbing air pollutants and forming a sink of pollutants. Leaves
with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their surface, thus effectively
reduce pollutant concentration in the ambient air. Often the adsorbed pollutants are
incorporated in the metabolic pathway and the air is purified. Plants grown to function
as pollution sink are collectively referred as greenbelts.
An important aspect of a greenbelt is that the plants are living organism with their
varied tolerance limit towards the air pollutants. A green belt is effective as a
pollutant sink only within the tolerance limit of constituent plants. Planting few,
known pollutant sensitive species along with the tolerant species within a green belt
however, do carry out an important function of indicator species
Apart from function as pollution sink, greenbelt would provide other benefit like
aesthetic improvement of the area and providing suitable habitats for birds and
animals.
5.4.1 Selection of plants for green belts The main limitation for plants to function as scavenger of pollutants are, plant‟s
interaction to air pollutants, sensitivity to pollutants, climatic conditions and soil
characteristics. While making choice of plants species for cultivation in green belts,
due consideration has to be given to the natural factor of bio- climate. Xerophytes
plants are not necessarily good for greenbelts; they with their sunken stomata can
withstand pollution by avoidance but are poor absorber of pollutants.
Character of plants mainly considered for affecting absorption of pollutant gases and
removal of dust particle are as follows.
For absorption of gases
Tolerance towards pollutants in question, at concentration, that are not too
high to be instantaneously lethal.
Longer duration of foliage
Freely exposed foliage
Adequate height of crownOpenness of foliage in canopy
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Big leaves (long and broad laminar surface)
Large number of stomatal apertures
For removal of suspended particular matter
Height and spread of crown.
Leaves supported on firm petiole
Abundance of surface on bark and foliage
Roughness of bark
Abundance of axillary hairs
Hairs or scales on laminar surface
Protected Stomata
5.4.2 Plantation along road sides Automobiles are the source of pollution of gaseous and particulate pollutants.
Component of green belt on road side hence should be with both absorbers of gases as
well as of dust particles. The choice of plants for road side should include shrubs of
height 1 to 1.5 meter and trees of 3-5 meter height. Medium sized trees, alternating
with shrubs are ideal for sorption of particulates and gases.
Table 5.1 Recommended plant species for green belt development
Plant species Habit Tolerance
limit
Stomatal
index
Mode of
Regeneration
Acacia auriculiformis Tree Tolerant 10.9 Seeds
Acacia leucocephala ( Hari
baval)
Shrub T 12.01 Seeds
Ailanthus excelsa tree T 13.01 Seeds, shoot, root
cuttings
Albizia lebbeck Tree T 19.72 Seeds
Albizia procera tree T 20.21 Seeds
Alstonia scholaris ( Devil- tree) Tree T 15.23 Seeds
Azadirachta indica Tree T 29.2 Seeds
Bauhinia purpurea Tree T 23.58 Seeds
Bauhinia racemosa (Aasundro) Tree T 25.68 Seeds
Bougainvillea spectabilis Shrub T 32.53 Cutting
Cassia fistula Tree T 20.4 Seeds and suckers
Melia azadirachta Tree T Seeds /stem cutting
Nerium indicum Shrub T 15.7 Cutting
Peltophorum pterocarpum Tree T 16.68 Seeds
Polylathia longifolia Tree T 22.27 Seeds
Thespesia populnea Tree T 29.81 Seeds /stem cutting
T: Tolerant. (Sources: CPCB (March ,2000) PROBES/75/1999-2000)
Highlighted species are most suitable for this locality, considering its terrain and other
existing vegetative cover in the study area.
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5.5 EMP for material storage and handling
The raw materials to be handled and stored are primarily steel, acetylene, LPG,
oxygen, paints, primers, cleaning agents, oils, blast matrial and fuel for DG sets. Once
the material is used, empty cans and waste residues are also to be handled and stored
appropriately. The following measures would be taken up to ensure proper material
storage and handling:
For flammable material like acetylene, LPG, paints and diesel oil separate
designated area will be identified. Fire safety measures would be kept handy
in these areas.
The storage compartments will be located about 30 meters away from the
activity areas where hot work like welding, gas cutting takes place.
All empty containers shall be kept in designated areas and disposed off
appropriately to designated facility at Ankleshwar.
Waste oils, paints and spilled material should be kept in non-leaking
containers on an impermeable surface and covered in a manner that will
prevent storm water from contacting the container.
Used lead batteries should be stored on an impervious surface, stored under
cover, protected from freezing and picked up by an approved recycler.
The waste products‟ should not be allowed to evaporate; poured on the
ground; disposed of in storm sewers, septic systems; or discharged to surface
waters.
Records of all the empty containers and waste to be disposed to the
designated site shall be kept.
5.6 EMP for Odour
Odour can be defined as the “perception of smell” or in scientific terms as “a sensation
resulting from the reception of stimulus by the olfactory sensory system”. Whether
pleasant or unpleasant, odour is induced by inhaling air-borne volatile organics or
inorganics. Undesirable odour contributes to air quality concerns and affect human
lifestyles. Odour is undoubtedly the most complex of all the air pollution problems.
Taking into the consideration of the current project it is assumed that odour shall be
generated from the STP. None other activities shall emit any kind of odour as
fabrication and painting activities shall be occurred in confined places. There
REIA_ Walchandnagar Industries 57
economical methods for management of odour such as Bio-filtration and green belt
development.
Bio-filtration
This method is becoming an acceptable and successful way of reducing odours from
biological process. Bio-filtration is a natural process that occurs in the soil that has
been adopted for commercial use. Bio-filters contain micro–organisms that break
down VOC‟s and oxidize inorganic gases and vapours into non–malodorous
compounds such as water and CO2. The bacteria grow on inert supports, allowing
intimate contact between the odorous gases and the bacteria. The process is self-
sustaining. Bio-filters can be constructed using various materials such as compost,
straw, wood chips, peat, soil, and other inexpensive biologically active materials. Two
typical arrangements of bio-filters for odour control are shown in Figure 5.3.
Figure 5.3 Schematic diagram showing Bio-Filtration method
Another type of bio-filter is the soil-bed filter. Here the odorous gas stream is allowed
to flow through a porous soil with a typical depth of 60 cm. The bacteria in the soil are
responsible for the destruction of the odorous compounds.
As mentioned before the main sources of odour in this case will generate from waste
water treatment plant/sludge bed. The air from these areas is collected through pre-
suction pipes and connected to a blower. The inlet of the pipe is covered with
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anticorrosion mesh to avoid flies and solid particle entry into the pipe leading to bio
filter. A bio filter is developed using wooden chips as media. Water is sprinkled
occasionally to keep the media under wet condition.
Green Belt
Green belts are used to form a surface capable of sorbing and forming sinks for
odorous gases. Leaves with their vast area in a tree crown, sorbs pollutants on their
surface, thus effectively reduce their concentrations in the ambient air and source
emissions. While making choice of plant species for green belts, weightage has to be
given to the natural factor of bio-climate. Odour can be reduced by developing green
belt. Plants which counteract odour are
Bushes with mild but active fragrance.
Acacia farnesiana (Mexican plant): It is a type of bush with yellow coloured
fragrant flowers. It does not have rich canopy but very effective for
counteracting smell. Its limitation is seasonality and thorny nature.
Melaleuca species: It has sweet fragrance and thin canopy in India.
Junipers: They have excellent canopy and protection. Its limitation is site
specificity.
Eucalyptus: It can be used as very good belt and can also be used as per
odour source. Its limitation is site specific and the urban neighbourhood.
Hedges, Herbs (Tulsi, Turmeric etc.) can also be used for
counteracting odour.
Vetiver : This plant is a king of perfumes for inactivating other odours.
It affects the nervous system and relieves fatigue. It is used as key species in
aromatheraphy.Other than these, plants which are used to form green belt
include Bamboo, Pongamia pininata, Neem and Casuarina etc.
5.7 Health & Saftey
In the units like this, aprt form environmental pollution problems anoth factor that
needs to see in great details is health and safety of the workers. This was studied in
details and a separate report dedicated to this aspect is prepared which is annexued to
this document. Howevre, some of the highlights are provided here too:
Safety equipment for blasting operators will be:
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Positive pressure blast hood or helmet - The hood or helmet includes a head
suspension system to allow the device to move with the operator's head, a
view window with replaceable lens or lens protection and an air feed hose.
Grade D air supply - The air feed hose is typically attached to a grade D
pressurized air supply. Grade D air is mandated by OSHA to protect the
worker from hazardous gases. It includes a pressure regulator, air filtration
and a carbon monoxide alarm.
Ear protection - ear muffs or ear plugs.
Body protection - Body protection varies by application but usually consists
of gloves and overalls or a leather coat and chaps. Professionals would wear a
cordura/canvas blast suit.
Blasting supervisors have the responsibility to ensure blasting operations and
abrasive materials management are conducted to reduce their environmental
impact.
Those persons responsible for maintaining equipment and machinery
required for abrasive materials management need to be properly trained in
those aspects of equipment performance that effect emissions and
productivity.
Regular health check-ups would be taken up.
Proper protection should be worn at all times, including to protect the eyes
against glare and flying sparks in welding, cutting and blasting areas.
Workers shall avoid direct contact with these solvents and ahould not be
using solvents for cleaning paint from hands or skin. In lieu, use of water-
based cleansers for personal cleanup shall be encouraged.
Implemanttaion of Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) of the chemical will
be made necessary.
Workers shall wear the appropriate personal protective equipment such as
safety glasses, a respirator (if medically qualified, properly fit-tested, and
trained), gloves or coveralls to protect themselves against its hazards.
Workers shall be encouraged to work in shifts to avoid prolonged exposures.
Additional protective measures should be taken when stripping lead
chromate- or zinc chromate-based paints during the repairing phase, as these
compounds may be hazardous.
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Good house keeping practise will be implemented.
All the employees will be trained in the health, safety, and environmental
aspects related to their job.
Well maintained first aid box will be provided at all strategic locations
Safety appliances will be provided to the required workers.
Where respirator use is required, the employer must establish a respiratory
protection program. The respiratory protection program addresses procedures
for properly selecting and using respirators in the workplace
Employers must provide appropriate protective clothing and equipment (head
coverings, gloves, and foot covering)
Employers must provide adequate hygiene facilities and ensure that
employees comply with basic hygiene practices that serve to minimize
exposure
Change rooms must be provided where employees must change out of their
street clothes to use protective clothing and equipment
The change rooms must be equipped with separate storage facilities (e.g.,
lockers) for protective clothing and equipment and for street clothes, and
these facilities must prevent contamination of street clothes
The employer must ensure that eating and drinking areas and surfaces are
maintained as free as practicable from any pollution.
5.8 EMP for Energy conservation
Energy conservation will be one of the focuses during the operation stages. Energy
conservation program as shown in Figure 5.4 shall be implemented through measures
taken both on energy demand and supply. The conservation efforts would consist of
the following:
Figure 5.4 Energy conservation program
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Constant monitoring of energy consumption and defining targets for energy
conservation
Purchase of energy efficient appliances
Promoting use of renewable energy, wherever possible and viable.
Adjusting the settings and illumination levels to ensure minimum energy
used for desired comfort levels
Use of compact fluorescent lamps and low voltage lighting.
Sunscreen films on windows to reduce heating inside the office/admin
buildings
Promoting awareness on energy conservation within the premises
Training staff on methods of energy conservation and to be vigilant to such
opportunities
5.9 Environmental cell
An environmental cell headed by a maintenance incharge followed by two
subordinates who shall take care of activities of waste water treatment, domestic and
hazardous waste disposal and management, green belt development etc. and the other
one exclusively on monitoring and reporting activities aalong with audits and
representation to SPCB and other regulatory authorities. Figure 5.4 shows the
Environemntal Management Cell Structure.
Figure 5.4 Environnemental Management Cell Structure
Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for
ensuring that the monitoring incharge will be responsible, who will keep the
following recors as provided in Table 5.2.
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Table 5.2 Record Keeping Requirements
Parameter Particulars
Solid Waste Handling and
Disposal
Daily quantity of waste received
Daily quantity treated and recycled
Regulatory Licenses
(Environmental)
Environmental Permits / Consents from SPCB/ MOEF
Copy of Waste manifests as per requirement
Monitoring and Survey Records of all monitoring carried out as per the finalized
monitoring protocol.
Accident reporting Date and time of the accident
Sequence of events leading to accident
Name of hazardous waste involved in the accident
Chemical datasheet assessing effect of accident on health
and environment
Emergency measure taken
Step to prevent recurrence of such events
Other Log book of compliance
Employee environmental, health and safety records
Equipment inspection and calibration records, where
applicable
Vehicle maintenance and inspection records
To assess whether the implemented EMP is adequate, the project management will
conduct periodic environmental audits. These audits will be followed by Corrective
Action Plans (CAP) to correct various issues identified during the audits.
5.10 Post -project environment monitoring
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters will be made to find out any
deterioration in environment quality. Environmental monitoring is the measurement
of environmental parameters at regular intervals over an extended period of time.
Monitoring allow the assessment of environment and biological changes in an
ecosystem., with the goal of distinguishing natural fluctuations from the
environmental changes as well as identifying causes and effect relationship between
changes in environment and changes in the biological community.
The following monitoring program is proposed for the WIL facility (Table
5.3). In addition to the suggestion provided in the table solid waste disposal
management records will also be kept. Generation of solid wastes
Environmental monitoring data on regular basis.
Accident investigations.
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Table 5.3 Suggested monitoring programme fro the propose project
S. No Type Locations Parameters Period and
Frequency
1. Stack emission
monitoring
Stack of any one
operating DG set.
SO2, NO2, PM10 µg/m3;
PM2.5 µg/m3 ; O3 µg/m
3;
Pb µg/m3 ; NH3 µg/m3 ;
C6H6 µg/m3 , As ng/m
3 ,
CO, BaP ng/m3 ; Ni ng/m
3
As per SPCB
Consent terms &
conditions
2. Noise Monitoring Premises SPL(sound pressure
Level)
As per SPCB
Consent terms &
conditions
3. Groundwater
(Potability
testing)
Project Site
Drinking water
parameters as per IS
10500.
Pre-monsoon and
post-monsoon.
4. Marine/Coastal
water analysis
Within core zone PH, Salinity, TSS,
Turbidity, DO, BOD
Nutrients, Heavy metals
One in every
season
5. Marine Biological
analysis
Within core zone Phyto planktons,
Zooplanktons species
and numbers
One in every
season
6. Bed sediment
analysis
Within core zone Benthos numbers, and
species
One in every
season
5.11 Employee training
Employees and contractors should be trained in Recommended Management
Practices related to their employment to prevent or minimize abrasive and
spent materials and floatable solids from reaching air and water bodies.
New employees and contractors conducting abrasive blasting should be
trained on proper abrasive blasting methods, proper handling of abrasive and
spent material, floatable solids, and in general, good housekeeping practices
for the facility.
Employees and contractors should receive refresher training at least once a
year or when significant changes are made to the Recommended
management Practices that affect their activities.
Contractors should be notified of and required to perform in accordance with
Recommended Management Practices applicable to activities related to their
contract.
Employees, contractors and customer representatives should be instructed not
to dispose of abrasive, spent and floatable materials to air and water bodies
or to drains, drainage channels, or trenches
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5.12 Corporate Social Responsibility plan
Walchandnagar Industries Limited is a well established company with history of over
100 years. In its present location in Maharashtra, WIL is particularly well known for
the various schemes initiated over many years for social upliftment of the society and
improving the skill levels & quality of life of the local populace. In keeping with
those traditions, WIL has already established contacts with the adjoining villages in
the new location. All facilities and amenities provided by other nearby industries have
been reviewed. Discussions were held with the Sarpanches on various possibilities of
improving the life of the villagers and upgrading the skill levels of the younger
generation.
In consultation with them, the following areas have been identified for specific
attention as part of the corporate social responsibility scheme of WIL:
1. Providing improved health care system around the locality: This can be in the form
of arranging medical camps as per requirements, providing ambulance for nearby
villagers as required, providing mobile clinic facility etc. The local public health
centre will be augmented with necessary infrastructures in order to provide better
local healthcare.
2. Skill Upgradation: WIL will take up necessary study for skill-mapping in the
locality and extend necessary help to develop relevant skills like providing
scholarships to willing students for suitable vocational training. The adequacy of
local education system will also be reviewed and necessary helps like providing
modern amenities, tools for education like computers & AV facilities can be
sponsored. WIL will partner with Government in National Health Programmes like
Polio, TB, Malaria etc.
3. Upgradation of sanitation facilities and public utilities: Specific efforts will be
taken for improvement of sanitation facilities particularly in rainy season so as to
avoid spread of diseases like dysentery & other diseases linked with mosquito
growth.
4. Repairs of existing internal roads and construction of new roads in nearby villages.
5. Relocation of temple near plot no.42.
6. Supporting afforestation or mangrove farming schemes of the Government.
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Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the
following recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as
environmental management approach for the proposed development.
• Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the project
area. It is also recommended that project authority should come forward to
contribute/support the state forest department financially for afforestation in this
part of Gujarat.
• This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local villagers.
Priority shall be given to local villagers when it comes to employment. Besides,
a multi-specialty hospital, arrangement for drinking water facility in any of the
nearby village and establishment of a technical institution like ITI in this area
are recommended.
• Special scholarships for girl students up to 10th standard and donation of
computers to all the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended.
Walchandnagar Industries is recommended to hire one computer teacher for
each school if needed.
• Upgradation of village and main roads should be taken up by the project
proponent. Avenue plantation should be taken up by all the industries around the
region which will not only increase the green cover as but also enhance the
aesthetic value.
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6 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1 Introduction
With the improved communications and better data collection more disasters become
known well in advance. Impact of disaster can be reduced through attempts at
preparedness, mitigation, and post-event rehabilitation work. Based on hazard
identification in the proposed project, an on-site emergency plan has been prepared to
minimize the damage to the yard, property, and employees in general.
6.2 Objectives
The main objective of hazard assessment is to discern the hazard-prone locations and
suggest appropriate measures.
The proposed plan attempts:
To identify location which may be the source of hazards and determine the
likely effects away from the source
To mitigate the degree of damage in and around the project premises.
To ensure that all the vessels are at safer places.
To ensure that all workers / staff of affected areas are evacuated to
appropriate assembly points
To provide adequate required medical treatment at the earliest
To ensure the prompt safe rehabilitation of the affected areas.
6.3 Type of hazards
The first step in disaster management is identifying the risks known in this region, the
historically known as well as newly emerging threats. These can basically be
classified as:
Events based in nature; earthquakes, cyclones, floods, Tsunami etc.
Events based on the accidental hazards, fire , electric shock etc.
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6.4 Level of accident
If there is any disaster in any part of the yard due to any reason, the area which may
be affected can be classified in the following classes:
Level - I - Operator level
Level - II - Local / Community level
Level - III - Regional level
Since it is a small Shipyard only level - I of accidents have been considered.
6.5 Disaster management plan
The process of disaster planning can be divided into four main themes:
Mitigation Mitigatory measures for the disaster are through the planned reduction of risks to
human health and safety. This will involve modifying the causes or consequences of
the hazard, the vulnerability of the workers or the distribution of losses.
Preparedness It includes the preparation of a plan and the establishment of the warning systems,
training program and public information services. By the development of a plan and
reciprocal agreements with other jurisdictions it is possible to reduce loss of the life
and damage to structures by prompt intervention on time.
Response Evacuation, the distribution of primary necessities, and the mobilization of emergency
services come under this category. It also involves the provision of emergency relief
and assistance when it is needed and the maintenance of public order and safety.
Recovery The provision of a support plan during the aftermath of a disaster, so that community
functions can quickly be made to work again. Such activities will be divided into
those connected with short-term restoration and those that facilitate long-term
reconstruction.
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6.6 Cyclone
Major cyclones have reported for centuries as causing loss of human life and livestock
and devastating crops, property and surge flood. The area of extreme winds during
cyclone usually extends to not more than 50 to 100 km from the centre.
Meteorological processes occur on a variety of scales in a cyclone, ranging from
intense convection in the extreme conditions of the atmospheric features.
Most of the casualties during the cyclones in the coastal infrastructure are caused by
the associated storm surge, not by the high winds.
Cyclone prediction is a well-developed system based process. An advance warning
with the help of technology and communication systems will help timely evacuation.
Shelters can be developed at safer locations for short-term assembling.
The structures will be built to resist a large wind hazard. This task will examine:
probabilistic assessment of wind data taking meteorological and
topographical parameters into consideration
a probabilistic evaluation of the benefits of design changes on structural
safety against wind loads.
all specifications for a IS : 875 code will be taken into consideration during
designing and construction.
6.7 Seismic events
The area falls in the seismic zone-III (moderate earthquake zone category). Proper
consideration will be taken during the construction of the infrastructure to mitigate the
earthquake hazard. Major considerations as listed below are:
Correct siting of the structure
Design against earth quake effects. The construction will be robust and
durable as per the applicable codes.
Following IS codes will be followed for civil engineering structures:
IS : 456 : All RCC structures
IS : 875 : Design loads for building and structures including wind loads
IS : 1893 : For earthquake
IS : 806 : Code of practice for use of steel tubes in generalbuilding
Construction
IS : 800 : Code of practices of general construction in steel.
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Regular inspection and maintenance of all the structures will be carried out as per the
specified requirement.
6.8 Information
The first requirement of emergency management is information, which will be the one
commodity that every participant in the emergency needs. But the flow of news and
data may be disrupted or interrupted immediately after a disaster. Hence, it will be
necessary to coordinate and collect information, disseminate it to the organizations,
which need it, and ensure that it is not misinterpreted.
Information collection will consider several forms in a known hazard area before
disaster strikes. Information collection will, of course, not cease when disaster strikes,
the character of the information required will change, as will the means of collecting
it. The objective will to develop an over all system of accounting for damage and the
assessment of preliminary needs and to define the relationship between these and
what will be required in order to facilitate long-term development. For example, after
and earthquake damage to buildings, workshop facilities etc. will be surveyed in order
to make immediate arrangements and to draw up long-term plans for reconstructing
the damaged structures if any.
In general, post disaster information collection involves the following categories.
First, the scope of the impact will be determined in terms of deaths, injuries and
damage to housing, infrastructure, and public utilities. The size of the impact area will
be determined and so will the location and accessibility of affected places. Then
requirement will be assessed, including health care, surgery, disease surveillance,
shelter, water supply etc. Simultaneously, existing local resources will be surveyed in
order to determine the increment in supply that will be required.
Similarly, relief efforts that will already underway will be evaluated so as to estimate
the further requirements. And finally, information will be gathered that will be of use
in management of future disasters, and relevant observations will be fed back into
preparedness plans in order to improve them.
6.9 Warning and communication
Managing hazards and disasters also involves managing the process of information
dissemination. The success of risk mitigation or emergency relief will depend on the
quality of news broadcast or published.
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Prediction and warning is a process involving the following:
assessment of the present strongest part
public dissemination at the weakest part
response of public as the most important part
Weather forecasting is well advanced (e.g., cyclone), but at present earthquake
prediction (i.e., location, magnitude, and time of an eminent earthquake) is still in the
research mode.
Warning systems will be designed to alert the employees and public and almost
always involve in an active role. For this local and regional administration's help will
be solicited. Once a cyclone is predicted or identified in the sea, warning will be given
to the project authority in advance of arrival of the cyclone and surges.
This warning will be transmitted to the public and emergency services. Every
precaution will be taken to avoid any false alarms. Malfunctions in the warning
process will manifest themselves as inefficiency in response, failure to inform people
at risk or inability to mitigate avoidable consequences of the impact.
Warning messages will include some assessment of how long the emergency will last,
as its duration will affect the nature of both warning and response. The messages will
include an assessment of the scope.
No disaster agent destroys everything in the region; therefore, an urgent task during
the emergency response is to determine what has been lost and what still remains as a
resource for use in either emergency response or in recovery, or in both.
The first 48 hours are critically important for saving victims trapped in the ruble of
collapsed buildings or other structures. Human beings will panic or break down in a
disaster. Disaster victim will be passive and totally dependent on the out side help.
6.10 Emergency cell
Recovery measures will encompass those actions the emergency cell will take care
after the disaster to stabilize physical and social demands and / or to restore and
improve public capabilities. Recovery will involve restoring and improving the
facilities at least up to pre-disaster level. Recovery process also provides opportunity
to improve the capabilities of the plan for coping with future hazards.
Disaster management cell headed by a senior executive will be provided. There will
be a list of emergency staff with their addresses and telephone numbers. The list will
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include specialized personnel whose services may be useful in particular emergency
situations. For principle participants a parallel list of substitute personnel will be
compiled, in case the first individual to be contacted is incapacitated or unavailable.
Emergency personnel will be called up in several ways. For example, a telephone fan-
out system can be used, in which person A calls persons, B and C, B calls D and E, C
calls F and G and so on. There will be cross-checking to avoid a break in the chain
caused by the absence of any participant.
After sudden impact of disaster short term responses will last from a few hours to few
days, depending on the type and seriousness of the impact. The first task after sudden
disaster is to recognize the scope of the emergency, given the likely disruption of
populations, transportation, and information flow. Hence reconnaissance will be
undertaken immediately.
Having established exactly where the impact has occurred, the first priority will be
casualty management. Search and rescue will be vital life saving activities to which
the maximum attention, effort, and promptness will be devoted. The functionality and
capacity of hospitals and clinics will be assessed and those that have not been
rendered unusable by the disaster will be supplied with emergency first-aid
equipment. Special attention will be given to the evacuation, care, and protection of
vulnerable groups.
Life saving resources will be concentrated where they can be effectively used. If a
disaster strikes in the night and electricity supply has been disrupted, floodlights with
generator sets will be arranged. In surge flood generated from cyclone, small powered
boats will be arranged.
Hasty and indiscriminate measures will be avoided, particularly during the emergency
phase of disaster.
If a disaster occurs beyond the control of the proposed management measures help
will be solicited from the district and state administration. The management plan will
establish a linkage at district level to address inter alia the following:
Damage assessment ( physical and human ) and immediate needs
Stockpiling of appropriate temporary shelter, food, and medical supplies etc.
Maintenance of communication networks
Identification of temporary shelter or evacuation centers.
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6.11 Fire safety plan
This plan is written to ensure employees and subcontractors are aware of the hazards
involved with fires, the precautions taken to control and notification when additional
assistance is required.
Host employer responsibilities
Employees will be notified about the plans contents and required to comply
with the requirements as written.
Ensure responsibilities are properly assigned to all employees working in the
facility.
Where multiple host employers exist, owners and their subcontractors, they
will be required to comply with the plans contents.
Contract Employer responsibilities
Ensure the Contractor and his work force is aware of the fire hazards
associated with the work to be performed
Make the Contractor and his work force aware of any fire hazards found at
the worksite.
Significant fire hazards area
Welding
Carbon Arcing
Torch cutting
LPG store
Fabrication and assembly bay
Control of fire hazards
All combustibles within 35 feet must be removed or a positive means of
protection from sparks, flame and heat installed.
When sparks, flame or heat may be transferred to an adjacent compartment,
the same precautions must be taken.
Hot work may not be performed in the vicinity of flammable paints or
compounds.
Torch hoses must be drop tested prior to the hose being run into any space
and commencement of hot work. Leaks must be fixed immediately and
retested.
Unattended torch lines shall not be left in a confined space.
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Unattended torch lines shall not be left in an enclosed space for more than 15
minutes.
Suitable fire extinguishing equipment shall be at the work site and be in good
working order.
Torch lines must be disconnected from the manifold at the end of each shift
and the manifold/bottle caps replaced.
Disconnected torch lines shall be rolled back neatly and removed to open air.
All the areas in the shipyard premises shall be provided with fire main
system, with adequate fire hydrants, located conveniently, at all work shops,
fabrication and assembly bay.
This system shall be supplied with sea water round the clock, with high
pressure fire pumps taking suction from the sea.
The pumps shall also be supplied with power from Generator sets, to ensure
power supply in emergency.
6.12 First-aid programme
First aid is emergency care provided for injury or sudden illness before emergency
medical treatment is available. The first-aid provider in the workplace is someone
who is trained in the delivery of initial medical emergency procedures, using a limited
amount of equipment to perform a primary assessment and intervention while
awaiting arrival of emergency medical service (EMS) personnel.
A workplace first-aid program is part of a comprehensive safety and health
management system that includes the following four essential elements
Management Leadership and Employee Involvement
Worksite Analysis
Hazard Prevention and Control
Safety and Health Training
The basic elements for a first-aid program at the workplace These elements include:
Identifying and assessing the workplace risks that have potential to cause
worker injury or illness.
Designing and implementing a workplace first-aid program that aims to
minimize the outcome of accidents or exposures
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Includes sufficient quantities of appropriate and readily accessible first-aid
supplies and first-aid equipment, such as bandages.
Suitable medicines etc.
Preparing to respond to a health emergency The training program should include instruction or discussion in the following:
Prevention as a strategy in reducing fatalities, illnesses and injuries;
Interacting with the local EMS system;
Maintaining a current list of emergency telephone numbers (police, fire,
ambulance, poison control) accessible by all employees
Understanding the legal aspects of providing first-aid care, including Good
Samaritan legislation, consent, abandonment, negligence, , State laws and
regulations;
Understanding the effects of stress, fear of infection, panic; how they
interfere with performance; and what to do to overcome these barriers to
action
Learning about personal protective equipment -- gloves, eye protection,
masks, and respiratory barrier devices.
Appropriate management and disposal of blood-contaminated sharps and
surfaces.
Assessing the scene and the victim(s) The training program should include instruction in the following:
Assessing the scene for safety, number of injured, and nature of the event;
Assessing the toxic potential of the environment and the need for respiratory
protection;
Establishing the presence of a confined space and the need for respiratory
protection and specialized training to perform a rescue.
Prioritizing care when there are several injured
Assessing each victim for responsiveness, airway blockage, breathing,
circulation, and medical alert tags;
Performing a logical head-to-toe check for injuries
Stressing the need to continuously monitor the victim
Indications for and methods of safely moving and rescuing victims
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Repositioning ill/injured victims to prevent further injury.
Responding to Life-Threatening Emergencies The training program should be designed or adapted for the specific worksite and may
include first-aid instruction in the following:
Establishing responsiveness;
Establishing and maintaining an open and clear airway;
Performing rescue breathing;
Treating airway obstruction in a conscious victim;
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of shock and providing first aid for
shock due to illness or injury;
Assessing and treating a victim who has an unexplained change in level of
consciousness or sudden illness;
Controlling bleeding with direct pressure;
Responding to Non-Life-Threatening Emergencies The training program should be designed for the specific worksite and include first-
aid instruction for the management of the following:
Wounds
Assessment and first aid for wounds including abrasions, cuts, lacerations,
punctures, avulsions, amputations and crush injuries;
Principles of wound care, including infection precautions;
Principles of body substance isolation, universal precautions and use of
personal protective equipment.
Burns
Assessing the severity of a burn;
Recognizing whether a burn is thermal, electrical, or chemical and the
appropriate first aid;
Reviewing corrosive chemicals at a specific worksite, along with appropriate
first aid.
Temperature Extremes
Exposure to heat, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke.
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7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 General
Based upon the Technical Feasibility Report it is learnt that the proposed project
could be located at the allotted site on the north bank of Narmada estuary. The
environment concerns were also taken into account while deciding the suitability of
the site. No habitation and significant permanent vegetation or agriculture were seen
in the identified area. For the proposed development enough land as well as water is
available. As no human settlement is also located; no R & R issues are arised.
7.2 Recommendations
Keeping the environment and socio-economic conditions of the area in mind, the
following recommendations are made to maintain a healthy social as well as
environmental management approach for the proposed development.
Plantation of vegetation of indigenous species should be undertaken in the
project area. It is also recommended that project authority should come
forward to contribute/support the state forest department financially for
afforestation in this part of Gujarat.
This type of project will bring employment opportunity for the local
villagers. Priority shall be given to local villagers when it comes to
employment. Besides, a multi-specialty hospital, arrangement for drinking
water facility in any of the nearby village and establishment of a technical
institution like ITI in this area are recommended.
Special scholarships fro girl students upto 10th standard and donation of
computers to all the registered schools of Dahej area are also recommended.
Walchandnagar Industies is recommended to hire one computer teacher for
each school if needed.
Upgradtion of village and main roads should be taken up by the project
proponent. Avenue plantation should be taken up by all the industries around
the region which will not only increase the green cover as but also enhance
the aesthetic value.