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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Reimagining Legal Education: From Mapping to Action
Legal Issues in Social Entrepreneurship and Impact Investing in the United States and Beyond
New York University School of LawJune 6, 2018
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Today’s Panelists:–Flynn Coleman, Founding Grunin Fellow, New York
University School of Law
–Stephanie Dangel, Executive Director, Innovation Practice Institute, University of Pittsburgh Law School
–Susan Jones, Professor of Clinical Law, George Washington Law School
–Anne Choike, Assistant Professor (Clinical); Director of the Business and Community Law Clinic, Wayne State University Law School
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Agenda
• Mapping the state of US legal education in the fields of social
entrepreneurship and impact investing (Flynn)
– Overview: survey results
– In-depth: initiatives at each facilitator’s law school (Susan and Anne)
• Law schools’ role in supporting law students and alumni who aim to apply
legal skills to the business side of social entrepreneurship and impact
investing (Stephanie)
– In-depth: NYU Grunin Center Research Assistants and NYU Law students
• Tools and strategies to provide continuing legal education to practicing
lawyers (Anne and Stephanie)
– Overview: sample CLE topics, challenges in reaching practicing lawyers
– In-depth: one facilitator’s experience working with a local bar association
Flynn Coleman Founding Grunin Fellow
New York University
School of Law
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping the State of US Legal EducationOverview
• Description of survey and participating schools
• Teaching across law schools: doctrinal and experiential
courses, teaching needs
• Clinics: client composition, client legal needs, clinic
resource needs
• Extracurricular activities at law schools
• Legal research by faculty in the area of social enterprise
and/or impact investing
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
U.S. Law School Mapping Surveys 2017-2018
• The Grunin Center at NYU Law conducted three mapping surveys of US law
schools in late 2017/early 2018. Over the course of these surveys and desktop
research, we identified over 60 US law schools that are supporting one or more
of the following activities related to the fields of social entrepreneurship and/or
impact investing:
– Curriculum/teaching,
– Extra-curricular activities for students,
– Legal research and writing by faculty members.
• These US law schools represent around 30% of US accredited law schools.
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Surveys: 56 Law School Respondents*
Albany University
University of Baltimore
Boston College
Brooklyn University
Cardozo University
Chapman University
University of Chicago
University of Chicago-Kent
University of Cincinnati
Columbia University
University of Denver
Duke University
Elon University
Florida International University
Fordham University
Georgetown University
George Washington University
Georgia State University
Harvard University
Hofstra University
Indiana University
University of Iowa
Lewis & Clark University
Marquette University
University of Miami
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
University of Missouri
University of Missouri-Kansas City
University of Nebraska
New York University
University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
Northeastern University
University of Northern Kentucky
Notre Dame University
Pace University
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh
University of Richmond
Saint Louis University
Santa Clara University
University of South Dakota
University of Southern California
Southern Methodist University
Southwestern University
Stanford University
University of Tennessee
University of Tennessee-Knoxville
University of Texas
Vanderbilt University
University of Vermont
Villanova University
Wake Forest University
University of Washington
Wayne State University
Yeshiva University
* Desktop research indicates that there are at least 7 other law schools that appear to have relevant courses/activities/scholarship, but representatives of those law schools did not respond to the surveys.
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: TeachingFaculty from the following 42 surveyed law schools responded that they are
teaching courses that address social entrepreneurship and/or impact investing:AlbanyBaltimoreBoston College Brooklyn CardozoChicago-KentUniversity of Cincinnati ColumbiaDenver UniversityDukeElon UniversityFordham LawGeorge WashingtonGeorgetownGeorgia State HarvardHofstraIowa Lewis & Clark
MarquetteMiamiMichiganMinnesota MissouriMissouri-Kansas CityNebraskaNortheastern Notre Dame NYU PacePennsylvaniaPittsburghRichmondSaint Louis Santa ClaraStanford Tennessee Vermont
Villanova Washington Wayne StateYeshiva
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Teaching in Doctrinal Courses
• 18 survey respondents said they were teaching a doctrinal course in a U.S.
law school that addresses or embeds themes of social entrepreneurship
and or/impact investing
– Of those, 87.5% (14) identified their field as corporate/enterprise
organizations
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Teaching Needs
• We asked: What resources would you like to see created to help law
schools embed themes of social entrepreneurship and impact investing
into law courses?
• 77.78% wanted “Case Studies (with teacher guides)”
• 77.78% wanted “Exercises – simulations, small group exercises, drafting
exercises, negotiation exercises, other”
• 77.78% wanted a “Library of forms of contracts, and training tools– curated
and annotated”
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Mapping Survey: Teaching in Experiential Courses
• Clinics appear to be the biggest part of the teaching going on in US law schools in the fields of social entrepreneurship/impact investing.
• At least 26 law schools (representing 29 transactional clinics) offer transactional clinics serving clients that self-identify as social enterprises or impact investors.
• Most of these transactional clinics are serving clients that self-identify as social enterprises (not as impact investors).
• 22 clinics represent social enterprises.
• 7 clinics represent both social enterprises and impact investors.
Toe in the Water or
an Incoming Wave?
• Social enterprises/impact investors represent a relatively small percent of
most of these transactional clinics’ overall clientele (but there are 4
outliers that are making social enterprises/impact investors the focus of
their transactional clinics’ clientele)
– 1-10% of 13 clinics’ clientele
– 11-25% of 7 clinics’ clientele
– Over 75% of 4 clinics’ clientele
Areas of legal advice provided by
Transactional Clinics to social
enterprises/impact investors
• Top four areas of legal advice provided by transactional clinics to clients
that self-identify as social enterprises/impact investors:
– Formation/Choice of entity (27 clinics)
– Contracts and agreements (27 clinics)
– Governance (26 clinics)
– Intellectual Property (24 clinics)
Resource Needs:Clinical Professors’ Wish List
• Document Libraries/Templates – 23 clinics• Course Materials (case studies, readings, interactive exercises,
simulations, etc. for use in seminar component of clinic) – 20 clinics• Tools to support advising clients about legal options (such as decisions
about choice of entity/formation, local counsel checklists, etc.) – 20 clinics
• Syllabi Sharing – 18 clinics
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Extracurricular Activities in Law Schools
• Representatives from 18 schools said that their law school supports or sponsors
activities outside of the classroom that involve social entrepreneurship and/or
impact investing Lewis and Clark University
Harvard University
University of Missouri Kansas City
New York University
Northeastern
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh
Saint Louis University
Vermont Law School
University of Washington
Boston College
Brooklyn Law School
University of Chicago-Kent
University of Denver
Fordham University
Georgetown University
George Washington University
Georgia State University
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Extracurricular Activities
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Legal Research by Faculty
• 48.33% of respondents said that they are conducting legal research in the
field of social enterprise and/or impact investing
– We asked: What resources would you like to see created to help legal
scholars conduct research and publish in the field of social
entrepreneurship and impact investing?
• 85.71% were interested in a “symposium dedicated to topics about
social entrepreneurship/impact investing”
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping Survey: Legal Research by Faculty
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Mapping the State of US Legal EducationIn-Depth
• The George Washington University Law School
• New York University School of Law
• University of Pittsburgh School of Law
• Wayne State University Law School
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Susan R. Jones,Professor of Clinical Law &
Director of Small Business & Community Economic Development ClinicGeorge Washington University Law School
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Small Business & Community Economic Development Clinic at GW Law School Supports Social Innovators
1. Legal representation of social innovators through work with and
referrals from Ashoka (builds and cultivates a community of change
leaders supporting the citizen sector and innovation);
2. Legal representation of selected Halcyon House fellows (equipping early-
stage social entrepreneurs with support to transform audacious ideas into
scalable and sustainable ventures); and
3. Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens, action research project
helping communities while educating law students.
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Case Example: Action Research Supporting Social Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens
-Returning Citizen Defined: DC Code Sec. 24-1301(5)
“persons who are residents of the District who were previously incarcerated.”
-Social Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens is at the intersection of criminal
justice reform and social innovation
-DC Law 159 supports Social Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens: Creating
Self-Sufficiency, Improving Lives, Strengthening Families
-Action Research – educating students while helping communities – allows law
students to witness the work of social innovators, learn about their legal needs, and
observe what it takes to be a social innovator
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Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
#DCLaw159
Social Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens:
Creating Self-Sufficiency, Improving Lives, Strengthening Families
Delivery of Open Letter to Mayor BowserI’m writing on behalf of the Working Coalition to Fund the IIEP (Incarceration to Incorporation Entrepreneurship Program). We’re asking you to join us in a show of force in
hand-delivering an open letter to the Mayor expressing funding. We’ll meet at the John A. Wilson Building, ground floor, Room 10, on Monday, March 19th at 9:10 am before
heading to the Mayor’s suite at 9:30 am.
This is an opportunity to join us in exercising our First Amendment rights with the delivery of our letter to the Mayor. The Coalition believes the IIEP can be a pathway to
creating wealth and financial independence, particularly for those who struggle to find employment after incarceration. The fostering of entrepreneurship will enable our
citizens to not only create jobs for themselves but improve their communities.
The IIEP offers entrepreneurship training, a GED curriculum, apprenticeship instruction, and access to capital through its Incarceration to Incorporation Entrepreneurship Fund
(IIEF). This program became law July 12, 2016 but Mayor Bowser has not funded it!
Please join us in bringing attention to this important program. We encourage anyone who has expertise or knowledge in videography to video our expression to share on the
various social media platforms.
Thank you.
Support the movement,
Kevin
Coalition Coordinator
Working Coalition to Fund the IIEP
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
The Problem
• 60,000 people in Washington D.C. or 10% of the population have criminal records
• Each year more than 8,000 individuals return to D.C. from penal institutions
• The largest percentage of returning citizens is African-American men, 21-30 years of age
• According to the D.C. Department of Corrections, 37 percent of men in custody had no high school diploma or a GED
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Selected Contributions to Action Research Project on Entrepreneurship for Returning Citizens:
• Legal Representation of returning citizen entrepreneurs
• Convening on entrepreneurship for returning citizens
• Testified in the DC City Counsel on the Incarceration to Incorporation
Entrepreneurship Act which became law
• Business & Legal Toolkit for Returning Citizen Entrepreneurs
• White Paper on Funding the Incarceration to Incorporation
Entrepreneurship Program
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Free Minds Book Club & Writing Workshop
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Anne Choike
Assistant Professor (Clinical)
Director of the Business and Community Law Clinic
Wayne State University Law School
Sample Initiatives Promoting Social Innovation & Entrepreneurship in Detroit, Flint and Other
Underserved Michigan Communities:Community Office Hours (Bilingual)
Community Legal Workshops“CLE” for Practicing Attorneys (2018-2019)
Local Government Level Policy Advocacy (2018-2019)March 2019 Symposium on Blockchain’s Legal Impacts
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Business and Community Law Clinic
seeks to encourage the growth of social enterprise in Detroit and Michigan.
Sample Clients include a for-profit feminist collective that promotes creative expression and camaraderie among underrepresented female-identified musicians and artists in Detroit with an ultimate goal of creating a collaborative, female-owned and operated music and art community space.
Sample events include Legal Workshop at Detroit Social Enterprise Conference – Issues addressed include forming your social enterprise, pathway to legal compliance for “pre-legal" social enterprises & working with independent contractors
Stephanie Dangel, Executive Director
Start Smart Law: Monthly Public Legal Seminars
Taught by Startup Lawyers To Pitt Law Students AND
Social Innovators & Entrepreneurs from Pitt, Carnegie Mellon University
& The Pittsburgh Community
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Why Should Legal Education Prepare Lawyers for the Business Side of
Social Entrepreneurship & Impact Investing?
Support for Applying Legal Skills To the Business Side of
Social Entrepreneurship and Impact Investing
• Lawyers Who Serve Social Innovators and Impact Investors Need to Know How to Balance Doing Well with Doing Good.
• One-Third of Law School Graduates Will Not Practice Law, and Jobs in the Social Impact Sector Are Growing and Rewarding.
How does the IPI Prepare Law Students for the Business Side of Social Entrepreneurship & Impact Investing?
Innovators, Esq. - Weekly Lunch & Learns with
Lawyers/Social Innovators
Experiential Law & Social Innovation Courses e.g., “Commercializing New Technologies,” “Benchtop to Bedside Bio-Tech Commercialization”
& “Design & Policy for Humanitarian Impact”
Incubators and Accelerators
Internships and Externships in Pittsburgh’s Social Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
e.g., Universities, Hospitals &Social Innovation Incubators & Accelerators
SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS, ESQ. SERVICE YEAR3 YEARS OF UNDERGRADUATE BUSINESS EDUCATION +
3 YEARS OF LAW SCHOOL +SERVICE YEAR AT LOCAL SOCIAL ENTERPRISE INCUBATOR/ACCELERATOR
REPLACING 1 YEAR’S WORTH OF TUITION PAIDWITH 1 YEAR’S WORK OF STIPEND EARNED
& EXPERIENCE LEARNED
Support for Applying Legal Skills to the
Business Side of Social Entrepreneurship and
Impact Investing
• NYU Grunin Center Research Assistants
• Law students from NYU Law’s Impact
Investing class
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Wayne Law BCLC’s Support for Applying Legal
Skills to the Business Side of Social
Entrepreneurship and Impact Investing
• Introducing law students to
Detroit’s emerging social
entrepreneurship community
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Continuing Legal Education for Practicing Lawyers Overview
• Sample CLE topics– Background on/business of social enterprise – Formation/entity choice (including cooperatives)– Funding/impact investing– Ethics/PR– Regulatory/compliance
• Challenges in reaching practicing lawyers– CLE requirement (or lack thereof)– (Perception of) low demand/profitability for social enterprise practice– Limited development of other professional services in social
entrepreneurship ecosystem– Legislative stagnation with respect to social enterprise laws
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Continuing Legal Education for Practicing Lawyers In-Depth
Working with your local bar association to form a group of attorneys
representing social enterprises and impact investors
In Pittsburgh, Penny Zacharias (McGuireWoods) & Jeanne Lofgren (Stonecipher Law Firm) have
convinced the Allegheny County Bar Association to host a Meeting on June 19th to determine the
interest of ACBA Members in forming a committee to serve lawyers and legal professionals that
represent clients in forming and managing Benefit Companies and Impact Investors.
Grunin Center for Law and Social Entrepreneurship
Summary and Q&A
• Themes
• Challenges and Opportunities
• Audience feedback and questions
THANK YOU!