reimagining transportation : sustainable mobility · ulsan yeosu expo jinju pyungtack daejeon ......
TRANSCRIPT
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REIMAGINING TRANSPORTATION :
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITYKuala Lumpur Convention Centre
23 October 20172017
Jaehak OH
Vice President
The Korea Transport Institute
Building Nation Through Public Transport in Korea
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Contents
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Economic Growth and Transport Investment
Korea’s Major Public Transport Investments
Funding for Transport Investment
Lessons and Future Policies
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Ⅰ. Economic Growth and
Transport Investment
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Functions of Transportation
Fast and Safe Movement of Passengers and Freight
Connecting Production and Consumption
Creating New Market and Employment
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Korea’s Transport Performance
Low Energy Consumption
* Source: World Bank (2012)
Albania
Bahrain
Brunei Darussalam
China
CyprusFrance
Germany
India
Japan
KoreaMexico
New Zealand
Philippines
Singapore
Slovenia
SpainUK
USA
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
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0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000
Ro
ad
secto
r en
erg
y c
on
sum
pti
on
(kto
e)/
Po
p
GDP (US $)
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Key Features of Korea’s Transport Model
Timely Transport Investment
Intermodal Planning and Sustainable Financing
Transit-Oriented Policies
Utilization of ICT
Achieving both Economic Growth
and Sustainable Transport
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Ⅱ. Korea’s Major Public Transport
Investments
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1970 1980 1990 2000
1970 Seoul-Busan Expressway
1978 Busan port
2003 Incheon Int'l Airport
2004 Korea Train Express (KTX)
2009Transport System Efficiency Act
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th
‘62 ‘66 ‘71 ‘76 ‘81 ‘86 ‘91
Five-Year Economic Development Plan
National Transport Network Plan ('99~'20)
History of Major Transport Investments
2015
1974 Urban Railway
1994Transport Infra.Special Account
1978 ITS Construction
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7X9 National Highway Network(1970)
7Ⅹ9 National
Highway Network
- Access the national
artery road network
within 30 minutes
from everywhere
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중장기검토노선
계 획 노 선
추 진 중
공 용 중
범 례
Seoul
Busan
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Incheon International Airport (2003)
Key of National Growth:
- Recoreded 46 million of annual PAX(as of 2014)
Achieved an ACI’s
“Best Airport Wolrdwide
Award” 10 years in a row
for its service excellence
- Transfer rate:
11.4%(‘01) → 16.0%(‘14)
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HSR Network Development (opening in 2004)
KTX Expansion Plan
- High-speed rail network:
1,399.8km(‘15) → 2,361km(‘20)
- Benefit rage by KTX:
84% of population,
82% of national territory
- Link between major cities
within 90 minutes
Seoul
Yongsan
Gwangmyung
Cheonan∙Asan
Busan
Osong
Gimcheon(Gumi)
Ulsan
Yeosu Expo
Jinju
Pyungtack
Daejeon
Pohang
Singyeongju
Incheon Airport
Dongdaegu
Milyang
ChangwonGwangju Songjung
Mokpo
Jungeup
Iksan
Gongju
Suseo Wonju
Gangneung`
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Changes in Transport
Restructuring of national territory into one mega-city
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Legend≤30mins≤60mins
[ 2004 ] [ 2012 ]
Legend≤30mins≤60mins
Expansion of HSR service area 39.7% → 55.5%
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2003 2012
Seoul~
Daegu
Seoul~
Busan
Change in modal share of inter-city trips
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Regional Economic Activities
Convention and meeting activities in KTX station and cities
[ 2003 ] [ 2011 ]
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Move in
Move out
(unit : person)
Decentralization(Straw Effect)
Population in capital region : starting to decrease
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Urban Railways (Starting from 1974)
1st Phase (~1985) 2nd Phase (~2001) 3rd Phase (~2014)
4 Lines, 115 Stations
(134.9km)
8 Lines, 263 Stations
(286.9km)
20 Lines, 558 Stations
(974.8km)
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Efficient Use of Highway (HOV)
Express HOV Lane
- Introduced in 1994
- Length : 134km
- Bus and 9 or more seats
passenger cars or vans
are allowed to use
(6 or more persons)
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Efficient Use of Highway (BRT)
Bus Rapid Transit in Seoul
Metropolitan Area
- Transit network of Median
Exclusive Bus Lane
- Seoul city: 12 corridors,
100.4km
- Gyeonggi province :
5 corridors, 90.4km
- Provides Faster and Reliable Travel Service
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2004 Seoul Public Transport Reform
[ 2004 Seoul Public Transport Reform Project]
- Redesigning bus routes (hub-spoke bus network)
- Integrated fare system through smart card
- Semi-public operation system
- Median bus lane system and public transfer center
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For Passenger
• Route and operation Info.
• Bus Arrival Time
BIT
InternetMobileARS Seoul BMS
• Bus real-time
location Info.
• Interval and operation
Info.
• Bus Interval Info.
• Bus Operation Info.
Bus Company
• Bus Location
• Allocating Buses
• Notice
-Real-time Bus
Operation Info.
-Bus Operation DB
-Real-time
Bus Information
-Route and Transfer
Information
On-board device
installed on every bus
Bus Information and Management System
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Boarding TimeUser’s Basic Info.
(Adult/Student/Child)
Get off Bus & StopTotal DistanceTotal Fare
IN OUT
Subway StationTime of Transit Passage
Get off Time Total DistanceTotal Fare
IN OUT
SubwayBus
Card Transaction
Data Center
Smart Card Payment System
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Ⅲ. Funding for Transport
Investment
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Transport Infrastructure Special Account
Funding for Transport Infrastructure (1994)
[ Transport Infrastructure Special Account ]
- Securing stable financial resources
- Based on the revenue from ear-marked fuel tax
Stable Financing(Transport Infra.Special Account)
TimelyInvestment
IncreasingAutomoblieOwnership
AchievingTop 5
AutomobileIndustry
Virtuous Cycle for Transport Investment
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Fuel Tax
Mileage based fuel tax
- 13.8 trillion KRW / year
- Funding for transport
infra. (highway, rail,
airport and seaport)
- Major resources for
transport infra.
special account
60 (4%)
706 (47%)
736 (49%)
(Transport Tax 36%)
50 (4%)
690 (55%)
514 (41%)
(Transport Tax 31%)
Diesel Gasoline
KRW/L KRW/L
Retail price : 1,502 KRW/L Retail price : 1,254 KRW/L
Profit
Tax
Supply price
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Financial Resource Allocation by Mode
YearRoad(%)
Rail(%)
Airport(%)
Port(%)
Others(%)
Total Budget(Trillion KRW)
1994 62.6 21.5 7.1 8.8 0.0 4.53
2000 61.1 23.2 6.0 7.9 1.8 12.33
2005 53.0 26.7 3.1 13.5 3.8 13.06
2008 52.8 27.4 1.7 13.1 5.1 13.22
2012 52.7 37.6 0.8 8.9 - 15.01
2014 44.8 36.0 0.5 8.0 10.7 18.89
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Ⅵ. Lessons and Future
Policies
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Lessons of Korea’s Model
Timely transport investment
- Establishing virtuous cycle for infra. investment
StableFunding
ExpandingAutomobile
Industry
Increasing
Automobile
Ownership
TimelyTransport
Investment
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Infrastructure supply and demand management
should be implemented in parallel.
Sustainable funding should be established as a key
policy.
Highway-based public transport
Utilization of ICT for Transport Operation
- Supporting passengers and freight transport
Lessons of Korea’s Model
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Future Policies
☞ The Successful Way to Sustainable Transport(Climate Change & Economic Growth)
Policy Paradigm in Transition
Car Human-Oriented
Construction Operation-Oriented
Supplier User-Oriented
Demand Following Goal-Oriented
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2017
THANK YOU