relationships of reliability, availability & maintainability (ram) to operational readiness...
TRANSCRIPT
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RELATIONSHIPS OF RELIABILITY, AVAILABILITY & MAINTAINABILITY
(RAM) TO OPERATIONAL READINESS & SUPPORTABILITY
Bernard Price
Certified Professional Logistician
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• The Probability that the Equipment is Operating or in a Committable Condition to Operate at any Random Point in Time
• Quantitative Expression of User Need Prior to Fielding
Operational AvailabilityOperational Availability
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• The Experienced Probability that Reported Weapon Systems are considered Up to Accomplish their Mission
• Unit Commanders are Responsible for Readiness Rates of their Systems After Fielding
Operational ReadinessOperational Readiness
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Ao =UP TIME
UP TIME + DOWN TIME=
UP TIME / SYSTEM FAILURE
(UP TIME + DOWN TIME) / SYSTEM FAILURE
Readiness Rate =UP TIME
UP TIME + DOWN TIME
=NO. OF DAYS SYSTEM UP
(NO. OF DAYS SYSTEM UP + NO. OF DAYS SYSTEM DOWN)
Operational Availability & Readiness Rate SimilarityOperational Availability & Readiness Rate Similarity
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Ao =UP TIME
UP TIME + DOWN TIME=
UP TIME / SYSTEM FAILURE
(UP TIME + DOWN TIME) / SYSTEM FAILURE
UP TIME / SYSTEM FAILURE =
DOWN TIME / SYSTEM FAILURE =
MCTBF
MTTR
SYSTEM
SYSTEM SYSTEMALDT+
Mean System Restoral Time per System Failure
MSRT SYSTEM=
Derivation of Operational Availability
Derivation of Operational Availability
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Equipment Levels of Indenture Equipment Levels of Indenture
LINE REPLACEABLEUNITS (LRUs)
END ITEMS
SYSTEM • TOTAL WEAPON SYSTEM WITH ITS GFE• READINESS REPORTED EQUIPMENT
• PRIMARY ITEMS BEING DEVELOPED/ACQUIRED • SYSTEM WITHOUT GFE OR GFE ITEMS
• SECONDARY ITEMS REPLACED FORWARD• ITEMS IMPACTING MAINTAINABILITY
Other Terminology
SHOP REPLACEABLEUNITS (SRUs)
• SECONDARY ITEMS USED TO REPAIR LRUOR HIGHER LEVEL SRU
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Serially Configured AoSerially Configured Ao
.
AoSYSTEM Ao1 Ao2x AoN
= xx
AoSYSTEM
Ao1 Ao2 AoN
=xx
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MCTBFSYSTEM MCTBF1 MCTBF2
+MCTBFN
= ++1 1 1 1
Serially Configured ReliabilitySerially Configured Reliability
.
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Mean System Restoral Time Breakdown in Models
Mean System Restoral Time Breakdown in Models
MSRTSYSTEM = MTRSYSTEM + CWTSYSTEM
MTR - Mean Time to Restore with 100% Stock Availability Forward
CWT- Mean Customer Wait Time at Forward Level per System Failure
MTRSYSTEM = MTTRSYSTEM + MRDTSYSTEM
MRDT - Mean Restoral Delay Time with Spares Available Forward
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• Spares are Not Collocated with Equipment• Spares are Delivered Forward to Restore • Contact Maintenance Team Restores Equipment• Equipment is Evacuated to Restore
• Some ILS Elements May Not Be Satisfactory• Personnel Lacking Appropriate Skills• Personnel Not Available• Non-Functioning TMDE Forward• Forward Repair Documentation Insufficient
Restoral Delay Time ContributorsRestoral Delay Time Contributors
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AoSYSTEM MCTBFSYSTEM MTRSYSTEM+ CWTSYSTEM
= +
MCTBFSYSTEM
Operational Availability RestatedOperational Availability Restated
AoSYSTEM MCTBFSYSTEM +=
MCTBFSYSTEM
MTTRSYSTEM ALDTSYSTEM+
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CWT = FILL1 x 0 + (1 - FILL1) x MTTO1
CWT = (1 - FILL1 ) x MTTO1
FILL1 - Probability of Filling an Order from Forward Level Stock
MTTO1 - Mean Time to Obtain a LRU at Forward Level Support
Relationship of Customer Wait Time to LRU Logistics Response Time
Relationship of Customer Wait Time to LRU Logistics Response Time
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DECENTRALIZEDLOCATION
DECENTRALIZEDLOCATION
DECENTRALIZEDLOCATION
DECENTRALIZEDLOCATION
INTERMEDIATESUPPORT
INTERMEDIATESUPPORT
CENTRALIZEDLOCATION
Traditional Supply FlowTraditional Supply Flow
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CENTRALIZED LOCATION
INTERMEDIATE SUPPORTS
DECENTRALIZED LOCATION
MANUFACTURER OR
PLANT WAREHOUSE
DISTRIBUTION CENTER OR
REGIONAL WAREHOUSE
RETAIL STORE
DEPOT SUPPORT OR
WHOLESALE LEVEL
GENERAL SUPPORT
DIRECT SUPPORT
(AUTH STOCKAGE LIST)
ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT
OR SITE
(PRESCRIBED LOAD LIST)
STOCKAGE LOCATION COMMERCIAL GOVERNMENT
Inventory DistributionInventory Distribution
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Maintenance FlowMaintenance Flow
DECENTRALIZEDLOCATION
INTERMEDIATESUPPORT
CENTRALIZEDLOCATION
Repair atOrganizationalor Unit Level
Repair atDirect or RegionalSupport(s)
Repair atDepot orContractor
P(1)
P(2)
P(3)
Ship Outfor Repair
Ship Outfor Repair
THROW AWAY
THROW AWAY
THROW AWAY
WASHOUTRATE
Ship Outfor Repair
LOCATIONECHELON (J)
1
2
3
NOTE: P(J) is percentage of repairs made at echelon J P(J) + Washout Rate = 13
J=1M
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• MTTO1 = RCT1 x PCTREP1 + (1-PCTREP1) x (OST2 1+ (1-FILL2) x MTTO2)
• FOR LRU THROWAWAY OR REPAIR AT CENTRALIZED LOCATION
• FOR LRU REPAIR AT THE INTERMEDIATE LOCATION
OST - ORDER & SHIP TIME
FILL - ORDER FILL RATE (STOCK AVAILABILITY)
PCTREP - PERCENTAGE OF LRUs REPAIRED
RCT - REPAIR CYCLE TIME
MTTO2 = OST3 2 + (1- FILL3) x MTTO3
MTTO2 = RCT2 x PCTREP2 + (1-PCTREP2) x (OST3 2 + (1-FILL3) x MTTO3)
Determining Mean Time To Obtain Spares Values
Determining Mean Time To Obtain Spares Values
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Ao Adjustment PossibilityAo Adjustment Possibility
.
AoADJUSTMENT =MCTBMA – Maintenance Action Time
Adjusted =
MCTBMA
/ AoADJUSTMENT
MCTBMA - Mean Calendar Time Between Maintenance Action
Periodic Maintenance Actions that may cause Down Time:• Preventive Maintenance• Tear Down and Set up• Software Change Actions• Servicing Prior to and/or After Missions
AoSYSTEMAoSYSTEM
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Primary Impacters of Operation AvailabilityPrimary Impacters of Operation Availability
• Critical Items Within Serial Configurations
• Critical Items that are Line Replaceable Units
• Demand Frequency of Critical Items (Reliability and False Pull Rate)
• Mean Time to Restore (Maintainability & Restoral Delay Time Forward with 100% Stock Availability)
• Stock Availability at Most Forward Retail Supply Level
• Order and Ship Time to Most Forward Retail Supply Level
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Conditional Primary Impacters of Operational Availability
Conditional Primary Impacters of Operational Availability
• Additional Mean Time to Restore (when forward level supply is not co-located with the system)
• Frequency of Scheduled/Periodic Actions to System or Serially Configured End Items (when servicing, preventive maintenance, etc. applies)
• Time to Perform Scheduled/Periodic Actions
• End Item Redundancy or Float Stock Availability (when failed end items are sent back for repair or thrown away)
• Number of Serially Configured Common End Items or LRUs in System
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Secondary Impacters of Operational Availability
Secondary Impacters of Operational Availability
• Stock Availability of Critical Item LRUs at Intermediate Retail Supply Levels
• Order and Ship Time to Intermediate Retail Supply Levels
• Centralized Support Level Mean Time to Obtain Backorders of Critical Item LRUs
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Conditional Secondary Impacters of Operational Availability
Conditional Secondary Impacters of Operational Availability
IF LRU IS NOT STOCKED OR REPAIRED AT INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT:
Stock Availability of Critical Item LRUs at Centralized Supply Level
Turn Around Time to Diagnose False Pulls if Performed
IF LRU IS REPAIRED AT INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT OR CONTRACTOR REPAIR & RETURN APPLIES INSTEAD OF USING DEPOT LEVEL SUPPLY:
Percentage Repaired at Intermediate Repair Level(s)/Contractor
Retrograde Shipping Time to Intermediate Repair Level(s)/Contractor
Turn Around Time for Intermediate Repair Level(s) Repairs/Contractor
Stock Availability of Critical Item Shop Replaceable Units (SRUs) at Intermediate Retail Supply Level(s)
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Tertiary Impacters of Operational AvailabilityTertiary Impacters of
Operational Availability
• Critical LRUs Within Redundant Configurations
• Stock Availability of Critical Items at Centralized Supply Level
• Administrative & Production Lead Times of Replacements (washouts, losses or non-returns)
• Percentage of Critical Item LRUs Repaired at Depot or Contractor Repair Facility
• Depot Level Repair Cycle Time
• Back Order Duration Time of Critical Item SRUs
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System EffectivenessSystem Effectiveness
ProductEffectiveness
EffectivenessProbability System is Available to Accomplish Mission
Support
e.g. Operational Availability Readiness Rate Sortie Rate
SystemEffectiveness
Probability System Lasts Mission Without Failing
Probability System Performs Appropriately In Mission
ReliabilityMission
Basically Contractor Responsibility
Typically Government and Contractor Responsibility
PerformanceSystem
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Relationship of RMS & Availability to System Effectiveness
Relationship of RMS & Availability to System Effectiveness
Capabilities FunctionsPriorities
SystemPerformance
ReliabilityMaintainability
ProductEffectiveness
Support
Effectiveness
Mission Use
Supply Spares MixMaintenance Concept
Support Process Times
Operations/Uses
Efficiency
SupportDesign for Supportability
e.g. Logistics Response Times Impact of ILS Elements
System Effectiveness
Basically Contractor Responsibility
Typically Government and Contractor Responsibility
Supportability
e.g. Operational Availability Readiness Rate Sortie Rate