relative clauses 4º eso
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Relative Clauses 4º ESO. What are relative clauses?. Son oraciones subordinadas adjetivas porque : Son parte de una oración principal Funcionan como un adjetivo . El nexo es un pronombre relativo . Supongamos la oración simple: The TALL man came yesterday Adjetivo - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Relative Clauses4º ESO
Son oraciones subordinadas adjetivas porque:◦ Son parte de una oración principal◦ Funcionan como un adjetivo.◦ El nexo es un pronombre relativo.
Supongamos la oración simple:
The TALL man came yesterday
Adjetivo
The man came yesterday. The man is tall.
What are relative clauses?
The TALL man came yesterday
Adjetivo
Aquí hay dos ideas sobre un mismo elemento: The man
The man came yesterday. The man is tall.
The man WHO is tall came yesterday
Donde:1.- El nexo de relativo WHO = THE MAN2.- The man came yesterday es la oración principal3.- WHO is tall es la de relativo4.- WHO es el pronombre nexo de relativo5.- The man es el antecedente.
En lugar de poner un adjetivo delante del nombre, podríamos unirlas de la siguiente manera:
La oración The man WHO is tall came yesterday
es una oración poco probable porque podemos reducir la parte “WHO IS TALL” a un solo adjetivo “TALL”, con lo que simplificamos, y por lo tanto preferimos decir:
The tall man came yesterday
Sin embargo, si queremos unir estas dos informaciones 1.- The man came yesterday
2.- The man bought the red car.en una sola oración, no podemos usar un adjetivo que exprese una idea tan compleja como “The man bought the red car”, y entonces se hace necesario utilizar la oración de relativo:
The man WHO BOUGHT THE RED CAR came yesterday.
Dado que las oraciones de relativo son informaciones sobre un sustantivo (ANTECEDENTE), aquéllas siempre irán inmediatamente detrás de éste, y el orden de dichas oraciones siempre será
ANTECEDENTE + PRONOMBRE + ORACIÓN DE RELATIVO RELATIVO
This is THE MAN THAT I SAW YESTERDAY
THE PROBLEM IS…Comparadas con el español, las oraciones de relativo en inglés presentan algunas diferencias:
1.- En español, siempre aparece el pronombre de relativo; en inglés, a veces no.
La casa que compraste era muy cara.The house --- you bought was very expensive.
2.- Cuando hay preposiciones en la oración de relativo, en español aparece delante del pronombre de relativo; en inglés, habitualmente no aparece delante del pronombre de relativo. Hay que saber cuándo ocurre esto y dónde se coloca esa preposición.
El profesor con el que estabas hablando era Bob.
The teacher -------- you were talking to was Bob.
OMISSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN The policeman was really tall.
Two possible relative sentences: The policeman came yesterday. SUBJECT Mary saw the policeman. OBJECT (C.Dto.)
The policeman was really tall.
The policeman was really tall.
I. Defining relative sentences
who came yesterday (who) Mary saw
MAIN CLAUSE RELATIVE CLAUSE LINK RESULTING SENTENCES
PEOPLE
THE MAN BOUGHT A BOOK
SUBJECT:
THE MAN CAME YESTERDAY
WHO
THAT
THE MAN WHO CAME YESTERDAY BOUGHT A BOOK
THE MAN THAT CAME YESTERDAY BOUGHT A BOOK
PEOPLE
THE MAN BOUGHT A BOOK
OBJECT:
I SAW THE MAN YESTERDAY
WHO
THAT
XXXXX
THE MAN WHO I SAW YESTERDAY BOUGHT A BOOK
THE MAN THAT I SAW YESTERDAY BOUGHT A BOOK
THE MAN I SAW YESTERDAY BOUGHT A BOOK
THINGS
THE CAR WAS VERY OLD
SUBJECT:
THE CAR BROKE DOWN
WHICH
THAT
THE CAR WHICH BROKE DOWN WAS VERY OLD
THE CAR THAT BROKE DOWN WAS VERY OLD
THINGS
THE CAR WAS VERY OLD
OBJECT:
I BOUGHT THE CAR
WHICH
THAT
XXXXX
THE CAR WHICH I BOUGHT WAS VERY OLD
THE CAR THAT I BOUGHT WAS VERY OLD
THE CAR I BOUGHT WAS VERY OLD
Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space
1 The bike _________________________ I had left at the gate had disappeared.
2 The shoes ____________________ I bought
were the ones ______________________ I tried on first
3 The bag ___________________ the robbers
forgot was found full
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space
4 The medicine _________________the doctor
gave me had no effect at all
5 The man ________________ couldn't see the screen decided to change his seat
6 I really liked that tea _____________you made me this morning
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
WHO-THAT
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space
7 What was the name of the boy _____________ gave you the money?
8 The flight __________________Joe was going to take was cancelled
9 The person ______________ phoned didn’t leave a message.
WHO-THAT
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
WHO-THAT
Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space
10 The guidebook ___________________we bought explained everything.
11 The car ____________ broke down was
Peter’s. 12 The students _______________ like English
will pass the exam.
XXXX-WHICH-THAT
WHICH-THAT
WHO-THAT
Join these sentences using who - which – that - XXXX 0 We chose the hotel. It seemed to be the nicest 1 She spoke to the man. He was standing next to her. 2 I read the letters. They came in the morning post 3 He likes the other people. They work in his office 4 She's that singer. She was on television last night 5 Next week there is a festival. It happens in the village every
summer 6 I paid the bills. They came yesterday
I. Defining relative sentences
Join these sentences using who, which only when necessary.
0 She chose the books. She wanted to buy them.
1 We ate the sandwiches. Jack made them.
I. Defining relative sentences
She chose the books she wanted to buy.
We ate the sandwiches Jack made.
Join these sentences using who, which only when necessary.
2 I’m doing some work. I have to finish it today.
3 She’s an old woman. I often see her..
I. Defining relative sentences
I’m doing some work I have to finish today.
She’s the old woman I often see.
Join these sentences using who, which only when necessary.
4 He’s an actor. A lot of people like him..
5 The picture was hanging on that wall. It was awful.
I. Defining relative sentences
He’s the actor a lot of people like.
The picture which/that was hanging on that wall was awful.
Join these sentences using who, which only when necessary.
6 Mary sent me a letter. It was very funny.
7 It’s a magazine. I often read it.
I. Defining relative sentences
The letter Mary sent me was very funny.
This is the magazine I often read.
Join these sentences using who, which only when necessary.
8 She’s the singer. She was on TV last night.
9 I paid the bills. They came yesterday..
I. Defining relative sentences
She’s the singer THAT/WHO was on TV last night.
I paid the bills THAT/WHICH came yesterday.
In spoken English a preposition in a relative clause is usually placed in its natural position, and the relative pronoun is omitted. A more formal alternative is to put the preposition before the relative pronoun.
The man is here. I talked to the man yesterday.
Relative clauses and prepositions
The man is here.I talked yesterdayto whom
The man I talked is here.to yesterday
◦ When the object is a person: The man I spoke to was very friendly.
(or) The man who/that I spoke to was very friendly.(or) The man to whom I spoke was very friendly. (formal)
◦ When the object is a thing: The house I was born in is gone.
(or) The house that I was born in is gone.(or) The house in which I was born is gone.(formal)
Relative clauses and prepositions contd…
CONNECT THESE SENTENCES
This is the pen. I wrote the exam with the pen.
That’s the policeman. I was with the policeman yesterday.
That’s the girl. Paul goes out with the girl.
This is the town. We arrived at the town at 6.30.
This is the hotel. We stayed at the hotel with your brother.
Relative clauses and prepositions
This is the pen I wrote the exam with.
That’s the policeman I was with yesterday.
That’s the girl Paul goes out with.
This is the town we arrive at at 6.30.
This is the hotel we stayed at with your brother.
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES
1 These are the boys with whom I went on holiday. 2 Here’s the letter for which I've been waiting. 3 That is the shop from which Sue bought her bike. 5 Tim is someone to whom I hardly ever write.
Relative clauses and prepositions
These are the boys I went on holiday with.
Here’s the letter I’ve been waiting for.
That is the shop Sue bought her bike from.
Tom is someone I hardly ever write to.
To show that something belongs to somebody:◦ He helped a woman whose car had broken down.◦ They’re the people whose house was burgled.
Whose is not usually used to refer to a thing. Of which is usually used instead.◦ He’s reading the book, the name of which I can
never remember. But it is more natural to say:
◦ He’s reading that book-I can never remember its name…
WHOSE
Translate the following sentences: 1 La casa que compramos era muy cara. 2 La comida que trajiste estaba muy buena. 3 El lápiz con el que escribiste la carta está en la
mesa. 4 Nos comimos los bocadillos que hizo Peter. 5 Ese es el policía que vino ayer.
Relative clauses:Translation
The house we bought was very expensive.The food you brought was very good
The pencil you rote the letter with is on the table.
We ate the sandwiches Peter made.
Tha’s the policeman who came yesterday.
Translate the following sentences: 6 La película que vimos era muy mala. 7 El autobús que va al aeropuerto sale a las 8. 8 El partido que vimos fue muy emocionante 9 Esta es la cama en la que duermo. 10 Esta es la señora que comió con nosotros.
Relative clauses:Translation
The match we saw was very exciting.
This is the lady who had lunch with us..
The movie we saw was really bad.
The bus that goes to the airport leaves at 8.
This is the bed I sleep in.