relative clauses lesson

8/9/2019 Relative Clauses Lesson

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RELATIVECLAUSES


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Definition

A relative clause is a part of a sentence beginning with arelative pronoun.

Examle:

• A man phoned. The man is my brother.

The man who phoned is my brother.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

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The relative pronoun you use depends on the thing you're talkingabout. enerally speaking! the most basic ones are these:

Basic relative pronouns

for people who"that

for ob#ects which"that

for places where

for reasons why

for time

for possession

when

whose


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WHERE

• I live in a city. I study in thecity.

• → I live in the city where I

study.


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WHERE / WHICH

• The café in Barcelona is still there. Iet y !ife in that café.

• → The café in Barcelona where I ety !ife is still there.

•"R• → The café in Barcelona in which Iet y !ife is still there.


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WHE#

• The suer !as lon$ and hot. I$raduated fro university in thesuer.

• → The suer %when) I $raduatedfro university !as lon$ and hot.


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Whose&Whose’ is al!ays the su'(ect of the relative clause. It re)laces a

possessive. It can 'e used for )eo)le and thin$s.

• The do$ is over there. The do$*s o!ner lives ne+tdoor.

• → The do$, whose owner lives next door,is overthere.

• The little $irl is sad. The little $irl*s doll !as lost.

• → The little $irl, whose doll was lost, is sad.

• The !oan is coin$ toni$ht. Her car is a B-W.• → The !oan, whose car is a !W, is coin$toni$ht.

• The house 'elon$s to e. Its roof is very old.

• → The house, whose roo" is old, 'elon$s to e.


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WHOM

$%t sounds very formal to most people. Therefore! it is hardly everused in spoken English.

% was talking to a boy. The boy is my cousin.

The boy to whom % was talking is my cousin

The boy that"who % was talking to is my cousin

.


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Conce)t Chec0 -atch a letter to anu'er

A) The st#dents, who all had

tic$ets, went into the %#se#%&

) The st#dents who all hadtic$ets went into the %#se#%&

1 oe of the students had ticets and soe didnot. "nly the students !ith ticets !ent into the

useu.

2 4ll the students had ticets and all the students!ent into the useu.


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A ' ( *on+denin-

A) The st#dents, who all had

tic$ets, went into the %#se#%&2 4ll the students had ticets and all the students!ent into the useu.

' . /enin-

) The st#dents who all had

tic$ets went into the %#se#%&

1 oe of the students had ticets and soe did

not. "nly the students !ith ticets !ent into theuseu.


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/enin- and *on+denin- RelativeCla#ses

*0*+/E1I*I*2

London is an interesting place to live.

London , which has a population ofaround seven million, is aninteresting place to live.

The clause $ives e+tra inforation%has apop#lation o" aro#nd seven %illion, itis 'et!een coas.


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/E1I*I*2

In this sentence5

The man was from Scotland.

We do not no! !hich an is 'ein$ taled a'out, !e need a clausetellin$ us ore a'out the su'(ect5

The man who sold me the car was fromScotland.

This clause tells us which %an !e ean, it has no coas. It is adenin- relative cla#se, and in this e+a)le !e can use 6that7instead of 6who75

The man that sold me the car was fromScotland.


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#"#89E:I#I#; RE


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• The lead sin$er lives !ith his)arents.

The lead sin$er is only ei$hteen.

• The lead sin$er, who is onl4ei-hteen, lives !ith his)arents.


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Combine the sentences with a

relative pronoun


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4l ;ore !as one of the or$aniers of theconcert.

He used to 'e the =ice Dresident of the >4.

4l ;ore, who #sed to 3e the vicepresident o" the USA, !as one of theor$aniers of the concert.

In We'ley 4rena the nal )erforer !as-adonna.

The


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F The )eo)le are very friendly.

The )eo)le live on the island.

The )eo)le who8that live on the island are veryfriendly.

F The caera is 'roen.

I 'ou$ht the caera yesterday.

The caera that8which I 3o#-ht 4esterda4 is'roen.

F The house is in


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u'(ect and o'(ect )ronouns

• The use of who8which8that ay de)end on !hetherthe )ronoun is the s#39ect or the o39ect of thesentence. :or e+a)le0

• The an who spo$e to %e told e the story of hislife.

• He s)oe to e, so :whoG is the s#39ect .

• The an that I spo$e to told e the story of his life.

• I s)oe to hi, so :I: is the s#39ect.• When the prono#n is the o39ect it can 3e le"t o#t0

• The an I spo$e to told e the story of his life.


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What ty)e of relative clause do therules refer to

1. They give essential

information.

2. They give extra information.3. We can omit which , wh or

that if it is not the subject of

the clause.

. We can use that instea! of

which or who .


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". We cannot omit whose.

#. We use commas to

separate them from therest of the sentence.

$. We never omit the

relative pronoun.


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Re%e%3er

9enin$ Relative

#o coas"it the relative)ronoun e+ce)t !hen>B?ECT

#on89enin$

RelativeBet!een coas

#o oission

Relative DronounsWHO: refers to people

WHICH: refers to things

WHOSE: for possession

WHEN: for time

WHERE : for places.

WHY: for reason


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CH""E THE C"RRECT RE#0

• They are the children other isa faous sin$er.

• The )erson is stayin$ ne+t door)lays loud usic in the ornin$s.

• That*s the $irl has (ust $ot arecordin$ contract.

• This is the son$ I san$ at thearaoee toni$ht.

RE


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RE


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Exercises (II)

1. Put a suitable relative pronoun in each space, or leave the

space blank wherever possible.

a The )erson ..... n$er)rints are on the $un !as the )erson ......illed 9r. -artin.

' -y 'ie, .....I have left at the $ate, has disa))eared.

c The shoes .... I nally 'ou$ht !ere the ones .... I tried on rst.

d The 'a$ in .... the ro''ers )ut the oney !as found outsidethe

'an.

e The edicine ..... the doctor $ave e had no eKect at all.

f Deter, ..... couldn*t see the screen, decided to chan$e his seat.

$ The )resent .... you $ave e !as the one .... I $ave you lastyearL.

h I really lied the tea ..... you ade e this ornin$.

i What !as the nae of your friend .... tent !e 'orro!ed.

( He is the )erson .... I !rote to.

relative clauses lesson

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