relativistic jets: krakow june 26- 30 2006 the interaction of jets with the interstellar medium of...
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June Axisymmetric simulations Bow shock Jet shocks Hot spot Jets constrained to be straightTRANSCRIPT
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
The Interaction of Jets with the Interstellar
Medium of Radio Galaxies
Geoff Bicknell, Ralph Sutherland, Vicky SafourisResearch School of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Australian National University
Ravi Subrahmanyan, Lakshmi SaripalliRaman Institute, Bangalore, India
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2Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Outline
Evolution of powerful radio sources from initial stagesEffect of inhomogeneous interstellar medium – three dimensional effectsX-ray emission linking radio and optical structureSupersonic turbulent disks in radio galaxiesRestarting jets in Mpc-scale radio galaxies
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3Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Axisymmetric simulations
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Bow shock
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Jet shocks Hot spot
Jets constrained to be straight
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Slab jets in clumpy medium(Saxton, Sutherland & GB)
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Developments and additions
3D (with thermal cooling via MAPPINGS shock and photoionization code)Potential of luminous and dark matterHot isothermal ISM consistent with potentialClumpy ISM described by log-normal + power-law energy spectrumIn some cases the warm ISM is distributed in a turbulent equilibrium disk In other cases an adhoc distribution of warm clumpy matter is used for the initial data
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Turbulent disk
Density distribution:
Near Keplerian, isothermal disk:Mean temperature Turbulent velocity
dispersion
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Supersonic turbulent disks
In order to achieve a scale height of order the luminous core radius the turbulent velocity dispersion has to be supersonic.
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Supersonic turbulent disks in radio galaxies
Disk in M87 (Dopita et al., 1997)
Turbulent velocity ~ 250 km/s
Shock velocity required to reproduce emission line flux = 265 km/s
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9Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
NGC 7052 (van der Marel et al. 98)
B
B-I
I
H-alpha-[NII]
HST images of NGC 7052
Velocity dispersion ~ 70 - 400 km/s
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
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Van der Marel et al. “true colour” image of NGC 7052
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
3D simulations
ppmlr - Piecewise Parabolic Method Lagrangian Remap: VH1 + local enhancements for cooling & shock stabilityNon-relativistic parameters (density, Mach no) chosen to correspond with relativistic jet with same energy fluxSynchrotron emissivity
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Double isothermal potential
Solve for dark and luminous matter self-consistently using Poisson’s equation
Parameters of distribution:
• Dark and luminous core radii
• Dark and luminous velocity dispersions
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Sample dark and luminous matter distribution
Gravitational force
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
3D jet and disk simulation
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512 cells = 1.024 kpc
512 cells = 1.024 kpc
Jet
Potential10 cells
Hot ISMEquivalent relativistic parameters
Warm disk
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Evolutionary phases Disk interaction
phase
Jet-driven bubble; bifurcated jet
Jet breakoutCSS => Classical radio galaxy
End of bubble phase
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Log density
z=255
x=5
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Radio and thermal surface brightness
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Viewed at 30 degrees to the jet axis
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
More powerful jet; more holey disk
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Cygnus A Radio - extent 60 kpc
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Cygnus A X-ray
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Evolutionary sequence
3C48
3C76
3C20 3C98
3C457
3C109Model
Model
Model
Model
YoungObjects
Intermediate Ages
Older Systems
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Extended distribution of warm clumpy matter
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256 cells = 25.6 kpc
Log-normal distribution of gas withscale height 2 kpc
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Evolution of radio surface brightness
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
PKS 1138-262 (De Vries, Van Breugel et al. 2005)
HST continuum
No HST Ly-alpha near AGNBright double knot where jet splitsFaint emission outside radio source
z=2.16
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Restarting jets: A different medium
PKS 1545-321
(Safouris, Subrahmanyan, Saripalli, GB, RS)
VLA + ATCA 20 cmVLA 6cm
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Previous work and ideas• Clarke & Burns 1991: Simulations of restarting jet show that new jet is overdense
• Low Mach number of the leading bow shock
• Lack of prominent hot spot
Kaiser, Schoenmakers & Rottgering 2000
• Argue for entrainment of material into the existing lobe
• Produces higher Mach number bow-shock
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Simulations of restarting jet
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Equivalent rel. jet
Background medium
log(density)
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Surface brightness
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Analysis of PKS 1545-321 data
Use arm-length ratio of inner hot spots to estimate hot spot velocity
=> Density of lobe andhot spot Mach number
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
Jet power Inner hot spots due to jittering jet
– consistent with energy budget of inner lobe
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Relativistic Jets: Krakow June 26-30 2006
SummaryA clumpy interstellar medium significantly influences the early evolution of radio galaxiesDisk + Jet => 3 phases of evolutionMemory of early phase in late-time structureMore extended clumpy medium => highly disrupted structure typical of high redshift radio galaxyThermal X-ray emission the link between radio and optical structureFeasible that inner doubles in radio galaxies are the result of jet propagation in a polluted cocoon